Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Hormonal influences may play a role in the control of vaginal flora. It is unclear whether use of the progesterone-incorporated intrauterine system (IUS; Mirena) is associated with abnormal vaginal flora or genital symptoms. One hundred and seventy-two women were assessed for symptoms and abnormal vaginal flora prior to and at intervals after insertion of either a copper IUCD or an IUS. Women were significantly more likely to have developed an abnormal vaginal discharge 4-6 weeks after insertion of an IUCD compared with an IUS (27% cf. 14%, P = 0.04), although this trend was not significant six months postinsertion. More women with an IUCD developed BV compared with an IUS at 4-6 weeks and six months. However, there were insufficient numbers of women with BV to demonstrate any significant difference between the vaginal flora of the two groups.
Int J STD AIDS 2009 Jun
PMID:Do users of the intrauterine system (Mirena) have different genital symptoms and vaginal flora than users of the intrauterine contraceptive device? 1945 30

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder of the genital tract in women characterized by an alteration of the normal acidic lactobacilli-predominant vaginal ecosystem to a vaginal environment dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplasma species and anaerobes, with an increase in pH. The present study evaluated whether BV is associated with reproductive complications in women. BV was screened with a Gram stain of vaginal smear and interpretation was done using the Nugent score. Wet mount and polymerase chain reaction were used to screen other infections. Among 510 enrolled women, 72 (14.1%) had BV. Statistical analysis between the BV negative and positive population revealed a significant association (P = 0.0001) with infertility. In pregnant women, the infection rate was low (P = 0.01). Multiple infections such as Candida, Chlamydia and human papilloma virus were observed in 4.2%, 15.3% and 8.3% of BV-infected women, respectively. Results suggest that BV infection is associated with infertility and its absence leads to pregnancy, emphasizing its screening and treatment.
Int J STD AIDS 2009 Nov
PMID:Bacterial vaginosis: a cause of infertility? 1983 94

HIV-infected women with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy are at increased risk for poor obstetric outcomes. In resource-limited settings, diagnostic testing for STIs and BV is often not available and most pregnant women are managed using syndromic algorithms. As part of a Nairobi perinatal cohort, HIV-1-infected pregnant women were interviewed and samples were collected for STIs and BV testing. Diagnostic accuracy of STIs and BV by syndromic algorithms was evaluated with comparison to the reference standard. Among 441 women, prevalence of BV was 37%, trichomoniasis 16%, chlamydia 4%, syphilis 3% and gonorrhoea 2%. Significantly more women with STIs were aged 21-years-old, had not attended secondary school and had a history of STIs. Syndromic diagnosis of STIs and BV demonstrated a sensitivity of 45% and 57%, and positive predictive value of 30% and 42%, respectively. Among these HIV-infected, pregnant women, STIs and vaginal infections were common and syndromic diagnosis was insensitive, resulting in missed opportunities to intervene and improve infant and maternal health.
Int J STD AIDS 2010 Aug
PMID:Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Nairobi. 2097 86

Gardnerella vaginalis is typically associated with bacterial vaginosis in women. However, balanitis, urethritis, urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteraemia have also been described in men. Here we report a case of G. vaginalis septicaemia with infective endocarditis and septic emboli in the kidney and brain of an adult male.
Int J STD AIDS 2010 Sep
PMID:Gardnerella vaginalis septicaemia with pyelonephritis, infective endocarditis and septic emboli in the kidney and brain of an adult male. 2109 41

We aimed to test the hypothesis that a short anovaginal distance may increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV) due to faecal contamination and disruption of the vaginal microbiota. Women attending two sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, who complained of a vaginal discharge were asked to participate in a study to measure mucosal immune responses. In this pilot study of all enrolled women, a small plastic ruler was used to measure the anatomic distance from the posterior fourchette to the anus with the participant in the lithotomy position. Cases of BV, defined by Amsel's clinical criteria (n = 62), were compared with controls (n = 31) without BV. We used linear and logistic regression models to adjust for potential confounders. A total of 93 women were recruited (median age 28.6 years, 93% black, 4.4% gonorrhoea infection, 7.4% chlamydia infection, 8.6% trichomonas infection, 67% BV diagnosed). Mean anovaginal distance was 3.22 cm (SD: 0.74, range 1.8-5.2) for controls and 3.37 cm (SD: 0.76, range: 1.8-5.7) for cases (P = 0.38). There was no difference between cases and controls when comparing median values, quartiles and after adjusting for potential confounders. Among high-risk women with multiple co-infections, there was no association between anovaginal distance and clinical diagnosis of BV.
Int J STD AIDS 2011 Apr
PMID:A case control study of anovaginal distance and bacterial vaginosis. 2151 58

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis and increases women's risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and risk of STD/HIV acquisition. The etiology of BV is unclear, though it is believed to involve loss of vaginal hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and acquisition of complex bacterial communities that include many fastidious BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) that have recently been detected using PCR methods. Treatment failure (persistence) is common, and may be facilitated by unprotected sex. Potential contributions to BV and BV persistence include (1) sexual partners as a reservoir for BVAB; (2) specific sexual practices, including male partners' condom use; and (3) the composition of the vaginal microbiota involved in BV. Specific BVAB in the Clostridiales order may predict BV persistence when detected pre-treatment, and have been detected in men whose female partners have BV. BVAB may be associated with unprotected sexual behavior and failure of BV to resolve in women, supporting the hypothesis that BVAB colonization of male genitalia may serve as a reservoir for re-infection of female partners. Moreover, specific sexual practices may favor vaginal colonization with certain BVAB that have been associated with persistence. This review provides background on BV, and discusses the epidemiologic and microbiologic data to support a role for acquisition of BVAB and how this process might differ among subsets of women.
 ...
PMID:Interpreting the epidemiology and natural history of bacterial vaginosis: are we still confused? 2152 14

Three common infections are associated with vaginal discharge: bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis, of which trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This guideline covers the presentation and clinical findings of these infections and outlines the differential diagnoses. Recommendations for investigation and management based on currently available evidence are made, including the management of persistent and recurrent infections.
Int J STD AIDS 2011 Aug
PMID:European (IUSTI/WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge, 2011. 2179 15

We investigated 199 pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) who received clindamycin vaginal cream (CVC) for three days and compared with 205 women treated with placebo. The vaginal flora was assessed at each visit. At the second visit, 71% in the CVC group were cured/improved, compared with 12% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). At visit 3 about 90% who responded to initial CVC treatment were still cured/improved. Of women who initially failed to respond to CVC and were given an additional seven-day course, 33% were cured/improved by the third visit, compared with 15% who failed to respond to placebo initially and were given a further seven-day course (P = 0.02). By visit 4, half the women in the CVC group who received additional treatment remained cured/improved, compared with 26% who had additional placebo (P = 0.004). In the CVC group, a change from abnormal to normal rose from 71% (visit 2) to 76% (visit 3) and 79% (visit 4). A similar trend was seen in women who received placebo but the proportions were significantly lower (12%, 24% and 33%, respectively). There is value in rescreening and re-treating women who remain BV-positive after initial clindamycin treatment.
Int J STD AIDS 2012 Aug
PMID:Rescreening for abnormal vaginal flora in pregnancy and re-treating with clindamycin vaginal cream significantly increases cure and improvement rates. 2293 Feb 93

We investigated the effects of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on the outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (HR-HPV). BV was diagnosed on Papanicolaou-stained cytology slides of 707 HPV-positive patients. HR-HPV DNA expression was analysed using the Hybrid Capture II (HC-II) assay. Of the 707 HR-HPV-positive female patients, 298 (42.1%) exhibited clearance of HR-HPV. The remaining 409 patients had persistent HR-HPV infection. The persistent HR-HPV group and the clearing group had similar rates of BV at the beginning of the study. At the end of the study, the persistent HR-HPV group had a BV prevalence of 11.2% while the clearing group had a significant lower BV prevalence of 5.0%. A decreased clearance of HPV was found in women with current BV, compared with women without BV. Furthermore, the natural history of HPV was not affected by the HPV viral load or the BV prevalence at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). Bacterial vaginosis appears conducive to the persistence of HPV infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2012 Aug
PMID:Bacterial vaginosis is conducive to the persistence of HPV infection. 2293 Feb 96

Vaginal symptoms are a common chief complaint amongst women visiting outpatient clinics in rural Haiti. A systematic sample of 206 consecutive women over age 18 with gynaecological symptoms underwent gynaecologic examination and laboratory testing for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV infection, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Among 206 women, 174 (84%) presented with vaginal discharge, 165 (80%) with vaginal itching, 123 (60%) with vaginal pain or dysuria, and 18 (9%) with non-traumatic vaginal sores or boils. Laboratory results were positive forChlamydia trachomatisin 5.4% (11/203), syphilis in 3.5% (7/202), HIV in 1.0% (2/200), andNeisseria gonorrhoeaein 1.0% (2/203). Among those that had microscopy, hyphae suggestive of candidiasis were visualized in 2.2% (1/45) and no cases of trichomoniasis were diagnosed 0% (0/45). Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 28.3% (13/46). The prevalence of chlamydia was 4.9 (95% CI: 1.3-17.7) times greater among those 25 years of age and under (10.8%) than those older (2.3%). Chlamydia and bacterial vaginosis were the most common sexually transmitted infection and vaginal condition, respectively, in this study of rural Haitian adult women. The higher risk of chlamydia in younger women suggests education and screening programmes in young women should be considered.
Int J STD AIDS 2014 Aug
PMID:The aetiology of vaginal symptoms in rural Haiti. 2435 16


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