Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mumps epididymo-orchitis has not been recorded as a cause of testicular symptoms without systemic features (including parotitis). The aim of the present study was to assess if we were missing cases in the genitourinary clinic during a previous outbreak of mumps in the community. During a prospective pilot study from November 2005 to February 2006, all patients presenting with symptoms or signs of epididymo-orchitis were studied. These patients were assessed for previous exposure to mumps virus or vaccine, and any current evidence of systemic illness. All patients included had a full sexual health screen (loop test, chlamydia polymerase chain reaction [PCR], gonorrhoea culture, HIV and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [test]/Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay), urinary tract infection excluded by urinalysis and mid-stream specimen of urine (MSSU) and mumps serology (Immunoglobulin M [IgM] and Immunoglobulin G [IgG]) performed. Twenty-three patients met inclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 16 to 50 years, average 30.8 years. All had symptoms of these, 18 had testicular pain, eight swelling, (four had both pain and swelling) and three also had dysuria. On examination, 12 had tenderness, seven swelling, (two both tenderness and swelling) and six had no signs. Seventeen denied history of mumps, one patient had a record of vaccination and five described fever. None had parotid swelling. Three patients were chlamydia PCR positive, two had candida cultured, three had non-specific urethritis (>10 polymorphonuclear leucocyte/high powered field) and 13 had negative sexually transmitted infection screen (one known HIV-positive). Three had positive IgM mumps serology and two were IgG-positive. It is important to include mumps in the differential of epididymo-orchitis and to be aware of outbreaks in the community that may present with genital symptoms, as the management and partner notification will be different.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 May
PMID:Are we missing mumps epididymo-orchitis? 1752 97

A study carried out among the 2230 STD patients during 1996-2000 shows the types, distribution and trends of the various STDs seen in our hospital. STDs contribute 3.30% of the total skin OPD cases. Males dominate with 89.3% of STD cases. Bolanoposthitis (22%) was the commonest STD, followed by gonorrhoea (11.8%) and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) being 11.2%. Syphilis was seen in 6.2% of the cases. The prevalence of VDRL reactivity and HIV reactivity remains almost the some being 8.49% and 8.21% respectively. There is increased occurrence of various psychosexual disorders among the affected patients.
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PMID:STD trends in regional institute of medical sciences, Manipur. 1764 64

A retrospective data analysis was carried out to find the trends in frequency and distribution of different STDs in North Eastern (NE) India during 1995-1999. The commonest STD was chancroid (25.7%) followed by condylomata acuminata (CA), nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), syphilis, gonorrhoea (GONO), herpes genitalis (HG), mixed infection (MI) and balanoposthitis (BP). Interestingly no case of donovanosis (Dono) was seen. HIV infection accounted for 9.62% of the total STD patients. A comparison of the present data with that reported a decade back (1986-1990) revealed a sharp decline in the incidence of syphilis, chancroid, GONO, whereas a conspicuous upward trend in CA and NGU. Factors responsible for these variations are analysed briefly.
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PMID:Changing trends in sexually transmitted diseases in North Eastern India. 1765 79

A case of heterosexual transmission of Moraxella catarrhalis by fellatio, which resulted in acute purulent urethritis mimicking gonorrhoea in the male partner, is described. In male patients with urethritis due to M. catarrhalis, orogenital contact with a sexual partner carrying the organism in his/her oropharynx is the probable route of transmission.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Aug
PMID:Moraxella catarrhalis associated with acute urethritis imitating gonorrhoea acquired by oral-genital contact. 1768 27

We studied, retrospectively, 400 consecutive case-notes (200 for each sex) for patients who presented with or without complaints of urethral or vaginal discharge. The incidence of sexually related conditions was identified for each of the four patients subgroups to objectively inform the process of triage. In all, 60% of asymptomatic female and 40% of asymptomatic male patients in the study had a condition of genitourinary (GU) medicine significance. Two-thirds of female patients had a condition of GU medicine significance whether they were symptomatic or asymptomatic. Some 16% of asymptomatic males would have had a delay in treatment of chlamydia, with a 19% loss of identifying non-specific urethritis, if they were triaged on the basis of lack of symptoms, and microscopy tests were abandoned for this group of patients.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Sep
PMID:The incidence of sexually related conditions in asymptomatic versus symptomatic patients. 1833 78

Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been evolving. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates in the Pretoria region, South Africa. Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae from men with urethritis were tested for susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion, Etest and agar dilution methods. Chromosomal resistance to penicillin was found in 16% of isolates, 16% showed plasmid-mediated resistance and decreased susceptibility was seen in 73% of isolates. For the first time, there is evidence of high-level tetracycline resistance (36%). Ciprofloxacin resistance emerged at 7%. All isolates remained susceptible to ceftriaxone. In view of these findings of the emergence of quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, national treatment guidelines for syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections need to be urgently reviewed. The injectable preparation, ceftriaxone has to be considered as a first-line agent for the management of gonococcal infections. Overall, the gonococcal isolates in the Pretoria region remain susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime and spectinomycin.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Oct
PMID:Gonococcal resistance: evolving from penicillin, tetracycline to the quinolones in South Africa -- implications for treatment guidelines. 1794 48

The objective of the study was to determine the relationship of circumcision status to the risk for genital ulcerative disease (GUD) and sexually transmitted urethritis. A MEDLINE search and a review of references in published articles identified studies addressing the risk of sexually transmitted urethritis or GUD based on circumcision status. Meta-analyses, sensitivity analysis, and exploration for publication bias were performed. Thirty articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data from one study were published twice. GUD showed a trend towards being more common in genitally intact men (random-effects summary odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.82). When comparing men with GUD to men with 'genital discharge syndrome' (GDS), genitally intact men were more likely to have GUD (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.70-3.15). There was no difference in the risk for chancroid based on circumcision status (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.40-2.05), gonorrhoea (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.82-1.29), or Chlamydia trachomatis infections (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.32-1.19). Genitally intact men were less likely to be diagnosed with 'GDS' (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67-1.01) or non-specific urethritis (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64-1.01). Adjustment for publication bias in the literature that applies to chlamydial infections gave a summary OR of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.22-0.97). Significant between-study heterogeneity was a consistent finding. In conclusion, genitally intact men may be at greater risk for GUD, whereas circumcised men may be at greater risk for acquiring sexually transmitted urethritis in general, but there is no statistically significant difference in risk of gonococcal infection. Significant between-study heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias exclude the possibility of reaching a definitive conclusion regarding the association of circumcision status and these sexually transmitted infections.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Dec
PMID:Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted urethritis and circumcision: a meta-analysis. 1925 81

Leucocyte esterase (LE) in first-voided urine (FVU) and presence of leucocytes in urethral and cervical smears were evaluated to identify Mycoplasma genitalium infection in 416 men and 417 women attending Department of Genitourinary Medicine. M. genitalium was diagnosed in FVU specimens by realtime polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of M. genitalium was 6.5% in women and 6.7% in men. In total, 88.5% (23/26) of M. genitalium-infected men were identified by a combination of urethral smear and the LE test. In women, the combination of urethral and/or cervical smears and/or a positive LE test identified 91.3% (21/23) of M. genitalium-infected patients. Organism load in FVU correlated significantly with presence of urethritis (> or =4 leucocytes per high-power field) in men. A combination of LE testing of urine and urethral and/or cervical smears can be used as screening tests to select patients for specific M. genitalium testing. By this strategy, about 10% of infected individuals will remain undetected.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Dec
PMID:Leucocyte esterase testing of first-voided urine and urethral and cervical smears to identify Mycoplasma genitalium-infected men and women. 1807 17

The recent increase in the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and the introduction of Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique (NAAT) for Chlamydia trachomatis require redress of the clinical correlates. The increased awareness by the medical profession and public community, coupled with the sensitivity of the NAAT for Chlamydia leads to more diagnosis and the identification of conditions, which would have been labelled differently (e.g. cervicitis) or acquired a different diagnosis (non-specific urethritis). Our study indicates that 70% of women and 38% of men had additional genitourinary condition. This suggests that a patient presenting with Chlamydial infection requires assessment to exclude sexually associated conditions. The majority of patients (80% of women and 75% of men), diagnosed with Chlamydia presented with symptoms. On occasions, there may have been a contribution of symptoms from other associated infections. These findings relate with our semi-rural, mostly Caucasian and stable population. We expect a higher profile of sexually-related conditions with Chlamydia for patients in inner cities. A study for this group of patients is essential.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jan
PMID:The clinical correlates of genital Chlamydia infection in the era of nucleic acid testing. 1827 44

There is currently a debate as to whether microscopy is necessary in asymptomatic men presenting for a sexual health screen. Arguments favouring microscopy include finding chlamydia in a significant proportion of sexual partners of men with non-specific urethritis (NSU) in studies that included symptomatic men. We aimed to investigate the proportion of partners of men with asymptomatic NSU who were diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. A retrospective case-note review was carried out for all men diagnosed with asymptomatic pathogen-negative NSU, and their traced sexual contacts, during a nine-month period. As a result of contact-tracing, we identified 42 partners who attended the clinic. Only one partner (2.4%) tested positive for chlamydia. A further two partners were diagnosed with a viral sexually transmitted infection (STI). The low level of chlamydia and other STIs in partners of asymptomatic men with pathogen-negative NSU does not support the routine use of microscopy to identify these patients.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Nov
PMID:Should men with asymptomatic non-specific urethritis be identified and treated? 1971 Mar 49


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