Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective analysis of all culture-positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV positive individuals, over a 5 year period, revealed 18 cases, drawn from a population of approximately 1500. The prevalence of culture proven M. tuberculosis over the 5 year period was therefore 1.2% and was strongly associated with either a concomitant, or a subsequent, AIDS diagnosis. Sixty-one per cent had pulmonary tuberculosis, 17% had both extra-pulmonary and pulmonary infection and 22% had extra-pulmonary infection alone. Although a wide range of radiological abnormalities was seen, segmental consolidation was the commonest, occurring in 57% of cases. Only 55% of the specimens were positive on initial stains for M. tuberculosis, with a mean duration of 4 weeks to become culture positive, emphasizing that early diagnosis rests on clinical suspicion.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Tuberculosis in HIV seropositive individuals--a retrospective analysis. 154 66

Lymphocyte subpopulations analysis by an 11-monoclonal antibody (MoAb) panel was carried out in pleural fluid and in peripheral blood in 30 patients affected by newly diagnosed, untreated pleural effusion of different etiology determinated with bacteriological, cytological or histological criteria. Lymphocytes were the predominant cell type, in pleural fluid, in neoplastic pleural effusions as well as in congestive heart failure pleural effusions and, especially, in tuberculous pleural effusions. Lymphocyte analysis in pleural fluid and in peripheral blood suggests the involvement of different mechanisms for the lymphocyte accumulation in the pleural space according to different etiologies. Tuberculous pleural effusions showed an evident CD4+ and TEC T5.9+ lymphocyte accumulation from peripheral blood. In these patients, cutaneous skin test response to purified protein derivative was strongly related to this situation. In neoplastic pleural effusions there was a lower percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes, reflecting circulating lymphocyte pool; however, in neoplastic pleural effusions, various lymphocyte patterns may be sometimes observed depending on different histologies. Passive lymphocyte accumulation seems to be the most important mechanism in congestive-heart-failure pleural effusions.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subpopulations analysis in pleural fluid and peripheral blood in patients with lymphocytic pleural effusions. 167 76

Persons with AIDS (PWAs) are 100 times more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. The TB incidence rates in PWAs in the US range from 4-21%, especially among intravenous drug users and Haitians. In Florida, 60% of Haitian AIDS patients also had TB compared to 2.7% of non-Haitian AIDS patients. At a hospital in London, England, 25% of PWAs also had TB and 42% of all AIDS patients at this hospital were members of racial groups with a high prevalence of TB. In developed countries, reactivation of a latent TB infection is generally what occurs in AIDS patients. The absolute number of AIDS patients with TB in these countries is low and unlikely that it will spread to non-HIV seropositive patients. On the other hand, 30-60% of adults have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in central Africa and HIV seroprevalence is also high. So many AIDS patients here can develop TB through reactivation or exogenous primary infection. This situation significantly increases the risk of TB for HIV seronegative persons. In fact, TB is 1 of the most frequent opportunistic infections in PWAs in developing countries, such as central Africa. In patients at an early stage of HIV infection, TB manifests itself classically. The clinical presentation in patients in the late stages includes fever, weight loss, malaise, productive cough accompanied with labored breathing, an atypical chest radiograph, and extrapulmonary TB. This atypical pattern often results in delays of diagnosis and treatment. Many sputum samples do not test positive for M. tuberculosis therefore if a physician suspects TB, treatment should begin immediately. Some studies demonstrate that isoniazid prophylaxis substantially decreases the incidence of TB in HIV seropositive patients in Zambia. There is no conclusive evidence of the harm or effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in HIV children and adults.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Tuberculosis in HIV infection. 186 45

This is a study of Lesotho's proposal to United Nations agencies for financial assistance to build a medical school and a 600- bed referral teaching hospital. To qualify for such assistance, a feasibility study was prepared that included data from Lesotho's Ministries of Planning, Finance and Health on the following: 1) demography, including fertility; 2) health status and major health problems; 3) health facilities and health service utilization; 4) health manpower; and 5) health service organization, financing and cost. Lesotho's population was 1.37 million in 1981 growing at 2.3% per year. 13% of the population was urban, living in Maseru, the capital. Infant and child mortality rates are 116/1000 and 15.6/1000 while maternal mortality rates are 3.7/1000. The leading causes of death for children are malnutrition, acute respiratory and infectious diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and congenital anomalies. While adults are dying from tuberculosis, heart disease, injuries, burns and digestive diseases. Even though Lesotho's climate and high altitude insulate it from many diseases, there is concern over the high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) and respiratory infections. In 1980 1/3 of the population has access to hospital care. Maseru had 40% of the hospital beds, yet only 4.4% of the population. In 1982 there were 1536 health workers employed by the Ministry of Health, of these 41 were doctors, 175 nurses and 132 nursing assistants. Instead of building a new medical school, Lesotho accepted renovating the existing general hospital, converting it into a national referral center, while introducing more specialties at 20% of the $US60 estimated for a new medical school. Recommendations to the government also included: 1) special programs aimed at reducing and controlling tuberculosis and STD's; 2) establishing and strengthening primary health care programs; and 3) decreasing long hospital stays. (author's modified).
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PMID:Getting the best value for money in health care. 261 Aug 47

Serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) rises in the later stages of HIV disease and has therefore been used to monitor progression to AIDS. However, little work has been done on patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis. We studied clinical features and serum beta 2-M in 35 Tanzanian patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (9 HIV-positive, 26 HIV-negative). The provisional WHO clinical definition of AIDS for use in Africa was fulfilled by 89% of the HIV-positive and 65% of the HIV-negative patients. Median serum beta 2-M on admission was slightly higher in HIV-positive (3.17 mg/l) than in HIV-negative (2.85 mg/l) patients. Serum beta 2-M fell during treatment in 17/24 (71%) of HIV-negative and 3/7 (43%) HIV-positive patients followed up for 6 months. We conclude that serum beta 2-M is frequently raised in active tuberculosis, and is therefore an unreliable indicator of the stage of HIV disease in co-infected patients. The WHO clinical definition of AIDS also proved unreliable in patients with tuberculosis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Clinical features and serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in HIV-1 positive and negative Tanzanian patients with tuberculosis. 754 92

A prospective study was carried out to assess the value of routine skin tuberculin testing and chest radiography in HIV seropositive patients, attending the Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinic between July 1991-May 1992. 144 consecutive HIV seropositive patients had tuberculin Tine tests and chest radiographs performed. Ten patients were treated for active tuberculosis (TB) on the basis of abnormal radiography with or without strongly positive (Grade 3/4) skin tuberculin tests. A further 10 patients received prophylaxis on the basis of abnormal chest radiography consistent with previous tuberculous infection or strongly positive tuberculin tests. Active or previous tuberculous infection was found in the UK born Caucasian homosexual population as well as in injecting drug users and patients who were born in areas of high TB prevalence. Screening for TB in HIV seropositive patients is important both for detecting asymptomatic tuberculous infection and for recognizing patients at risk for reactivation of latent TB. We showed a high pick-up rate with 20 out of 144 patients having treatment as a result of screening.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Screening for tuberculosis in an east London HIV clinic. 784 22

A six-year retrospective review of concomitant HIV and mycobacterial infection in the Republic of Ireland is presented. A total of 42 culture proven mycobacterial infections were seen in 40 different HIV-infected patients. There were 24 infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and 18 infections with mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), a significantly higher rate of MOTT infections in Ireland compared to a study from 1962-1981. The detection rate for all mycobacterial infections had an annual upward trend with a 4-fold increase between 1987 and 1992. In homosexuals, MOTT infections occurred more frequently than M.tb, while the reverse was true for IVDUs. Twenty per cent of the infections were seen in patients recently incarcerated. Relapse of tuberculosis occurred in 42.9% (3/7) of non-compliant patients, 2 of whom developed rifampin-resistant strains of M.tb. No patient compliant to their regimen had a relapse in disease. The overall survival of patients after diagnosis of M.tb was significantly better than those with MOTT infections, with respective one-year survival rate of 79% and 36% (log rank test, P = 0.006).
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Concomitant HIV and mycobacterial infection in Ireland, 1987-92. 784 23

The English-speaking Caribbean is in transition toward communicable disease health patterns seen in the more developed world. Structural adjustment policies in recent years have weakened control measures, such as water supply and sanitation, as illustrated by recent outbreaks of typhoid fever in Jamaica (1990-1991), increased malaria incidence in Suriname and Guyana (with temporary importation into southern Trinidad in 1991), an upswing in tuberculosis in some countries, and the occurrence of cholera outbreaks in Belize, Suriname, and Guyana. The emergence of epidemic cholera throughout most of Latin America in 1991, and Caribbean mainland countries in 1992, aroused concern. Deteriorating socioeconomic conditions and the consequent communicable disease risk underscored the absence of communicable disease control in the Caribbean Cooperation in Health (CCH) strategy which was adopted in 1986 by the countries of the Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Epidemiology Center (CAREC) offered the following analysis: At least four out of seven CCH priorities already directly address critical aspects of communicable disease control, and therefore the question arises whether communicable disease control should be recognized as an explicit CCH priority. Beyond cholera and the diseases already represented in the CCH strategy, there are only a few other communicable diseases that warrant specific attention at this time: tuberculosis; leprosy, which CAREC member countries may want to eradicate; and leptospirosis, a zoonosis (communicable disease of animals transmissible to humans) thought to be the most frequent disease of this type in the Caribbean. These three conditions are insufficient to justify a distinct communicable disease grouping within CCH. However, if all communicable diseases of public health importance were to be grouped together (AIDS/STD, vaccine-preventable diseases, food- and waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases), such a group would be important enough to justify a distinct priority category, with several major subcategories.
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PMID:Communicable disease control as a Caribbean public health priority. 801 35

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of blood culture in the diagnosis of disseminated mycobacteria (DMB). This prospective study included all blood cultures done for patients with fever and under suspicion of having DMB between January 1991 and July 1992. Fifty-seven blood samples from 16 patients were cultured; 14 (87.5%) patients were HIV positive and all were diagnosed as having DMB. The cultures were processed by lysis-centrifugation and identification of mycobacteria was by hybridization with a DNA probe. Mycobacterial growth was detected in 5 cultures (8.7%) from 4 patients (25%) (3 HIV positive). M. tuberculosis was isolated in 3 and M. avium in 1. Mean time until isolation was 46 days. In all cases mycobacteria were isolated in other samples before they were found in cultures: M. tuberculosis was isolated in 2 bronchial aspirates (BAS), 2 in liver tissue (L), 2 in spleen tissue (S), one in alveolar bronchial lavage, one in sputum, one in spinal fluid (SF) and one in urine. M. avium was isolated in sputum and ALB. The three patients in whom M. tuberculosis was found died 1.4 and 32 days after admission. In samples from the 12 DMB patients with negative cultures (11 HIV positive, 92%), M. tuberculosis was isolated in 100% of ganglion and S samples, 90% in urine, 69% in sputum, 67% in ABL and LB, 63% in BAS and 33% in SF. None of these patients died in hospital. We find blood culture to be of little use in the diagnosis of DMB. Analysis of other samples leads to faster diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An evaluation of the blood culture in disseminated mycobacteriosis]. 802 82

Pulmonary involvement is a frequent feature of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is still the commonest AIDS defining diagnosis despite the advent of effective prophylaxis and antiretroviral treatment. Other pulmonary manifestations of AIDS, including tuberculosis, may pose a greater problem in the future. The clinical manifestations of HIV-disease are many and varied, and changing as the disease is modified by therapeutic interventions. With specific and increasingly effective treatments the need for definitive diagnosis is obvious. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy is a well established tool for the diagnosis of HIV-related pulmonary complications. This article aims to give an account on the use of bronchoscopy in a unit providing care for many HIV seropositive patients.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:The role of bronchoscopy in patients with HIV disease. 806 Oct 87


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