Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The establishment of a well adolescent schedule needs to be developed similar to the scheduled clinical visits in pediatric care. However, providing adolescent wellness visits without appropriate financial reimbursement for time expended and without increased provider training may make "well" adolescent visits an unrealistic expectation. However, two major trends will significantly impact on the future of adolescent health care. These include a sharp increase in numbers of adolescents beginning in 1990 and the poverty within the adolescent population. These data suggest that obstacles, whether personal, financial, or educational, need to be addressed quickly in order to resolve these problems because of increasing numbers of adolescents and related morbidities through the year 2000. The increasing trend of juvenile poverty in this population has been significantly associated with a number of the new morbidities such as substance abuse, STD, pregnancy, and the latest morbidity, AIDS. Without a wellness schedule, it is likely that adolescents will continue to represent an underserved population; as a consequence, mortalities and morbidities will increase through the year 2000. The issue of adherence to prescribed medical regimens in the adolescent population is an interesting, complex, and especially challenging one when faced with the social morbidities. Although preliminary work in this area has progressed in the last 15 years, greater attention must be paid to the needs of adolescents in order to determine effective strategies that can minimize the effects of the current morbidities. It is important for the primary care physician not to become overwhelmed with the scope of problems that adolescents have or become discouraged because anticipatory guidance seems ineffective. Repeated dosages of anticipatory guidance should not be viewed as limitations or failures but rather as necessary and standard care. One should consider such interventions as similar to immunizations, in which certain vaccines result in life-long immunity. One would not eliminate the tetanus vaccine because the patient must receive periodic boosters. Similarly, as health care professionals, we should not consider interventions designed to preclude behavior or mental health problems as failures if periodic and developmentally appropriate relevant "boosters" are necessary. Anticipatory guidance is an extremely effective tool that every primary care physician has at his or her disposal to assist in the diagnosis of problematic behavior in adolescents and to preclude problems. Future research needs to focus on documenting strategies that can be utilized by physicians on a daily basis without excessive time or financial constraints.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Adolescent wellness. Facilitating compliance in social morbidities. 220 49

International travels are increasingly frequent. Beside malaria prophylaxis, the general practitioner will review several vaccinations.e Tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccines should be administered once every ten years. It will often be useful to give a protection against hepatitis A, and less often, against typhoid fever. The yellow fever vaccine, which may be required or recommended to visit several African and South American countries, is injected only by officially recognised centres. For some travels, vaccination against hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis or, rarely, against rabies may be considered. The vaccine against cholera will never be administered, due to its lack of efficacy and high frequency of side effects. Travellers diarrhoea will be discussed, and a "pocket" treatment prescribed. Finally, general information will be provided, including those on STD.
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PMID:[Vaccinations and useful advice for travelers]. 793 82

Female genital mutilation is perhaps currently the most dangerous traditional practice in terms of health. An estimated 100 million women worldwide have undergone this procedure, most commonly performed between the ages of 4 and 10 years old by a traditional birth attendant. In one study, acute complications occurred in 39% of procedures. Hemorrhage and infection leading to gangrene, septicemia, or tetanus are the main causes of mortality. Late complications are estimated to occur in 37% of women. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and dysmenorrhea occur in 14-65%. Persistence of female genital mutilation is based, in part, on cultural beliefs about women, a perceived need to reduce sexual desire, and assurance of virginity and marriageability. Women who do not comply face social ostracism. In 1982, the World Health Organization recommended that female genital mutilation should not be carried out by any health professional under any circumstances. Although legislation outlawing the practice is important, it may be unenforceable in many areas. Key to the eradication of this practice are attitudinal changes through the education of both men and women and improvements in women's status.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Oct
PMID:Female genital mutilation. 931 Feb 17

Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase required for T cell development and activated by cytokines that utilize the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor common gamma chain (gamma(c)). Genetic inactivation of JAK3 is manifested as severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in humans and mice. These findings have suggested that JAK3 represents a pharmacological target to control certain lymphoid-derived diseases. Here we provide novel evidence that AG-490 potently inhibits the autokinase activity of JAK3 and tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a and 5b (STAT5a/b). Similar inhibitory effects were observed with other cytokines that use gamma(c). AG-490 also inhibited IL-2-mediated proliferative growth in human T cells with an IC50) = 25 microM that was partially recoverable. Moreover, we demonstrate that this inhibitor prevented tetanus toxoid antigen-specific T cell proliferation and expansion but failed to block activation of Zap70 or p56Lck after anti-CD3 stimulation of human T cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that AG-490 inhibits the JAK3-mediated Type II signaling pathway but not the T cell receptor-derived Type I pathway and possesses therapeutic potential for T cell-derived pathologies such as graft-versus-host disease, allergy, and autoimmune disorders.
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PMID:Tyrphostin AG-490 inhibits cytokine-mediated JAK3/STAT5a/b signal transduction and cellular proliferation of antigen-activated human T cells. 1038 Sep 15

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by expression of the BCR-ABL fusion gene that encodes a 210-kDa protein, which is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. At least 70% of the oncoprotein is localized to the cytoskeleton, and several of the most prominent tyrosine kinase substrates for p210(BCR-ABL) are cytoskeletal proteins. Dendritic cells (DCs) are bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells responsible for the initiation of immune responses. In CML patients, up to 98% of myeloid DCs generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells are BCR-ABL positive. In this study we have compared the morphology and behavior of myeloid DCs derived from CML patients with control DCs from healthy individuals. We show that the actin cytoskeleton and shape of CML-DCs of myeloid origin adherent to fibronectin differ significantly from those of normal DCs. CML-DCs are also defective in processing and presentation of exogenous antigens such as tetanus toxoid. The antigen-processing defect may be a consequence of the reduced capacity of CML-DCs to capture antigen via macropinocytosis or via mannose receptors when compared with DCs generated from healthy individuals. Furthermore, chemokine-induced migration of CML-DCs in vitro was significantly reduced. These observations cannot be explained by a difference in the maturation status of CML and normal DCs, because phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry showed a similar surface expression of maturation makers. Taken together, these results suggest that the defects in antigen processing and migration we have observed in CML-DCs may be related to underlying cytoskeletal changes induced by the p210(BCR-ABL) fusion protein.
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PMID:Dendritic cells from CML patients have altered actin organization, reduced antigen processing, and impaired migration. 1250 35

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) appears an ideal and exciting immunological target. Novel and rational immunotherapy may therefore play an important adjuvant role in the treatment of CML patients. Peptides derived from the BCR-ABL fusion region have been shown to be immunogenic and are able to stimulate the production of BCR-ABL-specific T cell lines and clones. In this study, A 280 bp multiple epitope region of BCR-ABL fusion antigen was designed and synthesized. This region contains three BCR-ABL antigen epitopes which can bind to HLA-A2, HLA-A3 and HLA-DR11 molecules, respectively, and epitopes of cholera toxin B (CTB) and tetanus toxoid (TT) which are able to elicit vigorous T cell responses. The fusion antigen gene has highly been expressed in E. coli and the purified fusion protein reserved satisfied activity and antigenicity. The results of this investigation provided a basis for further research on the developing specific T cell immunotherapy of CML.
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PMID:[Synthesis, Cloning and Expression of a Multiple Epitope Antigen of BCR-ABL Fusion Gene] 1257 95

Synthetic lipopeptides derived from the bacterial cell wall component lipoprotein activate B-lymphocytes and macrophages/monocytes in vitro. In vivo they constitute potent immunoadjuvants for a broad range of different antigens and species comparable or superior to Freund's adjuvant. Here, we demonstrate that P(3)CSK(4), representing a highly active lipopentapeptide derivative in vitro, significantly enhances and accelerates the humoral immune response to tetanus toxoid. P(3)CSK(4) could substitute for up to 90% of the antigen without any decrease in the specific IgG level, and the presence of the lipopeptide resulted in a prolonged production of specific IgG in time. Investigations using P(3)CSK(4) as an adjuvant in genetic immunization confirmed earlier data demonstrating that lipopeptides constitute adjuvants for low-immunogenic DNA constructs and/or for application routes resulting in weak immune responses. We monitored a lipopeptide-dependent shift from a Th1-type to Th2-type response, when DNA immunization was followed by i.p. administration of the lipopeptide adjuvant.
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PMID:Lipopeptides: adjuvanticity in conventional and genetic immunization. 1283 25

Synthetic lipopeptides derived from the N-terminus of bacterial lipoprotein constitute potent immunoadjuvants for parenteral and mucosal immunization. When combined with tetanus toxoid (TT) or gliadin as antigens, the lipopeptide N-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-(R)-cysteinyl-seryl-(lysyl)(3)-lysine (P(3)CSK(4)) markedly enhanced the specific antibody levels. Lipopeptides also act as macrophage/monocyte activators: P(3)CSK(4) induced nitric oxide release from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) of LPS responder and nonresponder mice. The antitumoral effect of the lipopeptide was demonstrated by a strong cytostatic activity of the lipopeptide-treated macrophages against the murine B-cell lymphoma cell line Abelson 8-1. The chemically well-defined lipopeptides can be synthesized with high purity and reproducibility and constitute ideal agents to be combined with antigens/vaccines or antitumor treatment.
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PMID:Lipopeptide adjuvants in combination treatment. 1286 Jan 77

Itinerant traditional surgeons work throughout sub-Saharan Africa and perform many procedures including: tooth extraction, abortion, injections, incising and draining abscesses, uvulectomy, circumcision, inguinal hernia surgery, non-invasive cataract luxation, and surgery on closed and open fractures. Cutting and injection equipment are not cleaned and are used on a rapid succession of up to 10 patients in a single clinic session. These procedures cause haemorrhage, septicaemia, tetanus, gangrene, contractures, abscesses, airway obstruction, keloids, iatrogenic fistulae, lacerations of vital organs, loss of limbs, and death. Recent work suggesting that many cases of HIV infection may be caused by medical exposure lend a new urgency to researching the work of traditional surgeons. Collaborative programmes for re-training and re-shaping the work of these practitioners is more likely to be effective in reducing the morbidity than attempts to suppress their work.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Aug
PMID:Traditional surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa: images from south Sudan. 1293 74

Since the advent of antiretroviral treatment against HIV, their use as post-exposure prophylaxis, in health care workers as well as after non professional exposures, is still increasing. Although their efficacy is well documented in selected indications, one should always keep in mind that in most exposures, the risk of side effects and the cost of such an intervention is probably much higher than the low probability of HIV transmission. By balancing the risks and the potential benefits of post-exposure prophylaxis against HIV after a given exposure, if needed with help from a specialist, overprescription can in this way be avoided. The patient's fear about having contracted HIV should finally not drive one to forget the risk of transmission of other communicable disease, like viral hepatitis, tetanus and STD.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis after HIV exposure]. 1509 1


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