Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty men with clinical prostatitis were studied to determine the value of symptomatology and categorization and 30 (75%) were classified as having prostatitis on the basis of prostatic localization studies. Of these 3 (10%) had chronic bacterial prostatitis, 18 (60%) had chronic abacterial prostatitis, and 9 (30%) had prostatodynia. No patient had acute bacterial prostatitis. Although Enterobacteriaciae were isolated from the 3 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis, these bacteria along with Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Chlamydia trachomatis were isolated from a further 6 patients. The mean pH of the expressed prostatic secretion was measured for each group and was found to be 7.6 for those with chronic bacterial prostatitis, 7.1 for chronic abacterial prostatitis, 6.5 for prostatodynia, and 6.9 for those with urethritis suggesting that this test may be of value in the diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Prostatitis--clinical and bacterial studies. 161 65

The clinical differential of chronic prostatitis and psycho-vegetative urogenital syndrome with objective laboratory tests is very difficult. 265 ejaculates with possible chronic prostatitis were bacteriologically examined (including the search for STD agents). To verify an inflammatory process in the prostate and adnexae, we tested the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels in ejaculate. In addition, semiquantitative leucocyte counts in stained smears of the ejaculate were carried out. 185 of 265 patients had C3 complement below detection levels or in the normal range excluding inflammation of prostate or adnexae. 16.8% of the C3-negative ejaculates showed an elevated PMN-elastase level associated with urethritis anterior and/or posterior caused by STD agents. 80 patients showed elevated C3 levels; 38.8% with elevated coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase levels. The semiquantitative leucocyte count in the stained smear proved the least sensitive method for verifying an inflammation. Enterococci (55.3%), Mycoplasma (18.8%) and Escherichia coli (16.5) were the dominant pathogens of chronic prostatitis present in number of 10(2) cfu/ml or greater than 10(5) cfu/ml. A correlation to the intensity of the inflammation was not found. These results show how important it is to realise a complete bacteriological examination as well as to determine the C3 complement, coeruloplasmin and PMN elastase.
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PMID:Complement C3, coeruloplasmin and PMN-elastase in the ejaculate in chronic prostato-adnexitis and their diagnostic value. 205 49

Symptoms and signs are unhelpful in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis which in many cases continues to rest on comparison of white cells and organisms in urine samples collected before (VB2) and after (VB3) prostatic massage to express prostatic secretion (EPS), and particularly in the EPS itself, if this is obtained. A series of 195 patients is reviewed, 38 with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), 66 with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNBP), 55 with prostatodynia, and 31 with a history of recurrent urethritis without prostatitis. Demographic characteristics and history of recurrent urethritis were similar in all groups indicating that recurrent urethritis alone does not predispose to prostatitis. The upper limit of normal for the EPS while cell count was taken as 1000/mm3 in line with other reports. With this, the upper limit of normal for the estimate of white cells by simple microscopy appeared to be about 5/high power field (hpf) rather than the figure of 10 often quoted; with the latter figure, a number of cases of CNBP would have been missed. All microscopy was undertaken with the same microscope using a x 40 objective. Culture results showed a predominance of enterococci, and cultural and cytological findings in EPS and VB3 were comparable. On microscopy, clumping of white cells was associated with increased numbers-mentioned previously in the literature but not supported by data. Ejaculation just before examination was associated with reduced rather than the increased numbers of cells previously reported. Individual investigators should assess their own methods in determining upper limits of normal for cells. In a separate series of 8 patients with symptoms compatible with prostatitis, transrectal ultrasound scanning showed a prostatic cyst; aspiration was associated with relief of symptoms. It is concluded that transrectal ultrasound scanning (TRUS) should precede prostatic investigation by prostatic massage as this may save the prolonged treatment often necessary for prostatitis.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Aug
PMID:Diagnosis of chronic prostatitis: overview and update. 925 94

Seventy-eight men with symptoms of chronic or subacute prostatitis were enrolled. Investigations for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral swabs were carried out. The expressed prostatic secretions were additionally examined for Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis, yeast-like fungi and leucocyte count. Furthermore, all patients were evaluated for the presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies. Signs of inflammation on the basis of the count of leucocytes per hpf in the prostatic secretions were detected in 42 patients (group I). Prostatodynia was found in the remaining 36 men (group II). In group I, chlamydial antigen was detected in the urethra and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) in 6 (14.3%) and 9 (21.4%) patients, respectively. No evidence of current chlamydial infection was found in group II. The presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 13/42 (30.9%) patients with prostatitis and in 3/36 (8.3%) patients with prostatodynia (P < 0.01). The results suggest that chlamydia may be one of the causative agents of chronic prostatitis.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jun
PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis: probable cause of prostatitis. 987 30

Twenty-two Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics in North Thames participated in a survey of policies and case notes audit of chronic prostatitis managed within the past 2 years, compared with the UK National Guideline. For 32/33 cases notes reviewed (97%) chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS) were diagnosed. Of these, 14/32 cases (44%) were following non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), 1/32 cases (3%) followed Chlamydia trachomatis infection and for 17/32 cases (53%) no predisposing cause was identified. The single case of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was caused by prostatic infection with Staphylococcus spp. All cases were prescribed antibiotics, initial follow-up appointments coinciding with completion of antibiotics. Fourteen cases (42%) were discharged following GUM clinic management; only 7 of these cases (50%) were asymptomatic, the others having residual problems. Nine cases (27%) were referred to a specialist. Ten cases (30%) defaulted follow-up appointments; 7 of these did not attend their first follow-up appointments.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Apr
PMID:Management of chronic prostatitis in Genitourinary Medicine clinics in the United Kingdom's North Thames Region 2000. 1131 77

We describe the response of symptoms of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/PPS) in a man treated with rectal prednisolone for concomitant ulcerative colitis. The temporal relationship of the symptoms of CAP/PPS to starting and stopping the topical corticosteroid over 2 treatment cycles lends further anecdotal support to our hypothesis that treatment of the immune-mediated response in this chronic condition has a beneficial effect upon symptomatic outcome.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Nov
PMID:Variability of the symptoms of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome during intermittent therapy with rectal prednisolone foam for ulcerative colitis. 1158 17

Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) more than 20 years ago. Use of polymerase chain reaction technology has shown it to be a cause of acute NGU and probably chronic NGU, almost independently of Chlamydia trachomatis, but there is no substantial evidence that it causes acute or chronic prostatitis. In women, M. genitalium is not associated with bacterial vaginosis, but it is strongly associated with cervicitis and endometritis and serologically with salpingitis and tubal factor infertility. Further studies may show M. genitalium to be associated, perhaps causally, with epididymoorchitis, neonatal disease and reactive arthritis. Furthermore, its potential for enhancing HIV transmission needs to be explored. M. genitalium is susceptible to various broad-spectrum antibiotics, but M. genitalium-associated diseases are probably best treated with azithromycin.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 Mar
PMID:Mycoplasma genitalium -- an up-date. 1186 Jun 89

We sought to determine current practice in the diagnosis and management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) in genitourinary medicine departments in the UK, using a detailed questionnaire survey. Evaluable responses were received from 147 (69%) clinics. Seventy-nine (54%) clinics reported seeing >10 new CPPS patients per year. A broad range of investigations was reported to be used in the diagnosis of CPPS. Whilst 89 (61%) clinics reported using the four-glass test in diagnosis, 46 (32%) reported using the test in >90% of patients with CPPS, and 42 (29%) reported never using the test. In the treatment, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin were reported to be first line treatment by 98% clinics, mostly in 4-6 week courses; however, great variation was recorded in second-line choices and use of non-antibiotic approaches. This survey demonstrates that patients with CPPS are regularly diagnosed and managed in genitourinary clinics in the UK, with wide variations in diagnostic and treatment practices.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 Jun
PMID:Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: national survey of genitourinary medicine clinics. 1201 17

Screening for HIV in China began in 1984, with the first AIDS case appearing in 1985. 305,280 sera were tested as of 1992, of which 379 were seropositive for antibodies to HIV. Of these 379 individuals, there were 4 hemophiliacs identified in 1985, 1 homosexual male, 4 individuals returning from Africa, 365 drug addicts and 2 spouses. 68 foreigners and 1 Chinese hemophiliac from Hong Kong also tested seropositive. Concern is expressed over the psychosomatic trials of infected women who feel unable to discuss their HIV status with family members for fear of influencing their role as primary caregivers and sex partners. Without access to medical therapy and support groups, these women no doubt feel isolated. Non-directive counseling is recommended for seropositive women during pregnancy. AIDS patients have reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Seminal plasma also suppresses several immune responses. The pathogenicity of HIV, however, has yet to be determined. Fatty acid metabolism and Beta-endorphin are discussed in the context of therapeutic approaches. HIV/STD interactions are finally considered with individual attention given to bacterial vaginosis, hepatitis B, Chlamydia trachomatis, Herpes Simplex virus, microbiological contaminants of the vagina bacterial vaginosis, syphilis, mycoplasmas/epididymitis, bacterial prostatitis, and IVF culture media infections.
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PMID:HIV / STD interactions immunosuppression and future research development. 1228 86

The cause of category III A prostatitis, chronic prostatitis/chronic male pelvic pain syndrome category A (CP/CPPS A), is uncertain. Treatments for it are based on consensus opinion rather than on scientific data. Our aim was to examine the effect of zafirlukast, a leucotriene antagonist, on the symptoms of CP/CPPS A in our genitourinary (GU) medicine unit. CP/CPPS A was diagnosed by comparative white cell counts of split urine (Stamey) analysis or by finding an excess of polymorphs in expressed prostatic fluid. Symptom change was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). Patients were given zafirlukast or placebo for four weeks in a random double-blind fashion. All patients also received doxycycline. In all, 31 patients were asked to participate and 17 entered the study. No difference in outcome could be shown between the active (10) and placebo (seven) patients. Zafirlukast cannot be demonstrated to be useful in the symptomatic treatment of CP/CPPS A. The problems of recruitment into this study (in spite of a large number of patients with prostatic type pain being seen in our unit) suggest that multicentre treatment trials using non-invasive diagnostic techniques such as the CPSI (rather than single GU medicine units diagnosing CP/CPPS A by uncomfortable direct prostatic testing) are likely to be the most effective and objective methods of undertaking treatment trials in the CP/ CPPS A field in the future.
Int J STD AIDS 2005 Mar
PMID:Treatment of category III A prostatitis with zafirlukast: a randomized controlled feasibility study. 1582 18


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