Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the effects of FES on muscle output, chronic electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle was applied for half an hour twice a day for 2 months, in 10 thoracic level traumatic paraplegic patients. Results concerning torque (at 6 different muscle lengths) and fatigue were measured using a strain gauge transducer in isometric condition, and compared with the findings in 15 paraplegic patients who had not received electrical stimulation, and with 10 able bodied subjects with normal motor functions. With training, muscle strength was very significantly improved whilst fatigue resistance remained at a low level. The peak torque was not found to be of the same muscle length when comparing paraplegics and control subjects; it seemed to demonstrate that length-tension relationship of the muscular actuator was changing when it was electrically activated. Moreover, the force recorded in paraplegics remained markedly lower than in able bodied people.
Paraplegia 1992 Jul
PMID:Effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on evoked muscular output in paraplegic quadriceps muscle. 150 60

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiologic training effects of functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer (FES-LCE) exercise in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were previously untrained in this activity. Ten persons with quadriplegia (C5 to C7) and eight with paraplegia (T4 to T11) performed FES-LCE training on an ERGYS I ergometer 10 to 30 minutes per day, 2 or 3 days per week for 12 to 16 weeks (36 total sessions). Training session power output (PO) ranged from 0.0W (no external resistance) to 30.6W. Each subject completed discontinuous graded FES-LCE and arm crank ergometer (ACE) tests before and after training for determinations of peak lower and upper extremity metabolic, pulmonary, and hemodynamic responses. Compared with pretraining, this SCI group exhibited significantly (p less than or equal to .05) higher posttraining peak PO (+45%), oxygen uptake ([O2], + 23%), pulmonary ventilation (+27%), heart rate (+11%), cardiac output ([Qt], + 13%) and significantly lower total peripheral resistance ([TPR], - 14%) during FES-LCE posttests. There were no significant changes in peak stroke volume (+6%), mean arterial pressure ([MAP], - 5%), or arteriovenous oxygen difference ([a-vO2diff], + 10%) during posttraining FES-LCE tests. In addition, no significant differences were noted for the peak level of any monitored variable during ACE posttests after FES-LCE training. The rise in total vascular conductance, implied by the significant decrease in posttraining TPR during FES-LCE tests, denotes that a peripheral circulatory adaptation developed in the persons with SCI during FES-LCE exercise training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Physiologic effects of electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise training in spinal cord injured persons. 158 Jul 76

Ten subjects with neurological lesion levels between T4 and T9 have been evaluated in the laboratory at ORLAU using their orthosis in its mechanical form alone (without FES assist). Initially the oxygen consumption at rest was measured. Then the patients were asked to walk (orthotic gait) at their preferred constant steady speed for a period of 5 minutes. Min. VO2 was measured during the exercise. From these readings the energy cost and consumption of the patients' gait was calculated. Our results show that the ParaWalker allows more efficient walking than do bilateral long leg braces and a paraplegic 3 point gait. It also shows that higher speeds with lower energy cost walking is possible with a different orthotic approach for high or mid thoracic lesion paraplegics. We believe that the energy demands to walk with the ParaWalker are within sustainable limits.
Paraplegia 1989 Feb
PMID:Energy cost of paraplegic locomotion with the ORLAU ParaWalker. 292 7

In rehabilitating paraplegic patients the restoration of locomotion is often planned to enable the disabled person to use the wheelchair as little as possible or eventually even to abandon it. This objective is more easily obtained in those with incomplete spinal lesions. Applied with the view of restoring locomotion are various types of orthoses, but in the present paper the authors deal with functional electrical stimulation (hereinafter FES) as a means of restoring locomotion, demonstrating the advantages of FES over the use of classical orthoses. The paper offers an outline of the methodology of FES in spinal neural lesions, discusses the criteria of patient selection, giving indications and contraindications. The authors conclude by stating their belief that this treatment represents a new way of rehabilitating spinal paralysed patients which will sooner or later become part of the routine rehabilitation of paraplegic patients.
Paraplegia 1985 Dec
PMID:Functional electrical stimulation as an orthotic means for the rehabilitation of paraplegic patients. 387 90

In this study, the aim was to evaluate the influence on the cardiopulmonary system of muscular contractions of the paralyzed limbs in paraplegia, activated by FES during treatment, and the energy cost of standing and walking while using FES as an orthotic aid. Three traumatic spastic paraplegics were selected for the measurements. At the end of a 6 month training program heart rate and oxygen consumption of the patients were evaluated as follows: at rest; following 30 minutes of FES in the sitting position; following 15 minutes of standing; and during ambulation. Lactic acid level during maximal effort was evaluated as well. The results indicated a low energy cost of FES in the sitting position and during usage of FES as an orthotic device for standing, confirming the beneficial effect of FES for spastic paraplegics. However, effort invested during ambulation by means of FES was found exhaustive and FES is therefore advisable for young subjects mainly.
 ...
PMID:Energy cost and physiological reactions to effort during activation of paraplegics by functional electrical stimulation. 387 80

The purpose of this study was to compare the thermoregulatory responses of trained paraplegics (TP) and able bodied subjects (AB) performing submaximal exercise of the same relative intensity in both hot and cool conditions. Five TP (lesion range T12 to L3) and five AB subjects experienced in wheelchair use performed 60 minutes of constant load (55-60% of VO2 max) arm ergometry exercise in 37 degrees C and 15 degrees C climatic conditions. Heart rate (HR), sweat rate and rectal (Tr) and skin (Tsk) temperatures were recorded. In the hot climate the TP subjects recorded a significantly greater change in Tsk (delta Tsk) from 0 to 60 minutes of exercise than the AB subjects, because of greater thigh and calf temperatures, but no other significant differences were found between these groups. In the cool climate no significant differences were observed between the TP and AB groups. It was concluded that TP have a similar thermoregulatory ability to AB subjects who perform identical prolonged exercise in hot and cool conditions, although their lower limb skin temperatures are greater, probably because of venous pooling in the legs. While these results are a promising indication of the ability of TP to thermoregulate effectively while exercising in the, heat caution regarding their participation in endurance competitions in hot conditions should be expressed until data collected during wheelchair exercise (rather than arm ergometry) in the heat is available.
Paraplegia 1994 Dec
PMID:Thermoregulation of paraplegic and able bodied men during prolonged exercise in hot and cool climates. 770 25

Recently a FES (functional electrical stimulation)-assisted rowing machine was developed to enhance cardiovascular training in people with spinal cord injuries. The machine was assessed in terms of its efficacy as a training tool. Six patients who were quadriplegic (C6-T1) and 2 who were paraplegic (T3-6) completed a series of three tests in succession: (1) leg stimulation only (quadriceps and hamstring groups)--'Stim', (2) arm row only--'Row' and (3) simultaneous row and stimulation--'R & S'. Measurements recorded included oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (Ve), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). In addition, 6 out of the 8 subjects took part in a qualitative assessment comprising a guided interview exploring the subject's perception of the machine and test. Significant increases in VO2 were demonstrated between the three tests with R & S producing mean steady-state values of 16.34 nm (+/- 0.74) ml/kg/min (83% of maximum). These values represented a 12% increase over Row alone. Of interest was the qualitative assessment which revealed that subjects perceived R & S to be easier than Row despite the higher levels of VO2 observed. The results suggest that the rowing machine represents a potentially valuable hybrid training device that may significantly reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease and improve the quality of life of people with SCI.
Paraplegia 1993 Aug
PMID:Electrical stimulation-assisted rowing exercise in spinal cord injured people. A pilot study. 841 39

Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) show the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation in more than 95% of the cases. The remaining cases, without the cytogenetic or molecular equivalent of the BCR-ABL rearrangement, are "Philadelphia negative" and may have alternate chromosomal aberrations. Ph negative CML patients are known to have a poor prognosis. We report on a young patient with a hypereosinophilic syndrome in the presence of a clonal translocation t(4;7) with a peripheral leukocytosis, a severe thrombocytopenia, and anemia at first presentation, who developed bone marrow changes typical of CML. Bone marrow function and hypereosinophilia improved only partially and temporarily under therapy. The patient died 10 months after diagnosis of diffuse leukemic embolism and organ infiltration resulting in paraplegia. The case demonstrates that beside "idiopathic" hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES), a proportion of such patients suffer from eosinophilic leukemias. In these cases, karyotype analysis may help to distinguish these states by the identification of clonal chromosomal abnormalities. A karyotype anomaly hitherto not reported can be added to the list of aberrations in hypereosinophilic states associated with myeloproliferative processes.
 ...
PMID:Chronic myeloid leukemia associated hypereosinophilic syndrome with a clonal t(4;7)(q11;q32). 910 34

A low-level, closed-loop controller for FES-assisted standing up and sitting down is described. If, for able-bodied individuals, when standing up and sitting down, the knee angular velocity is plotted against knee angle, consistent phase-plane trajectories are produced. The bang-bang controller uses a model of this trajectory as a switching curve. The design rationale for the controller was the desire to avoid injuries that might occur if knee-locking on standing up and seat-contact on sitting down are not adequately controlled. This switching curve controller (SCC) was incorporated within a hierarchical, finite state control scheme, with electrical stimulation applied bilaterally to the knee extensors. The SCC was tested in a pilot study on a female volunteer with paraplegia (T5/6 ASIA A) and evaluated against an unramped, open-loop controller (OLC). The vertical hand forces and knee angles were measured. The subject was able to achieve standing up and sitting down safely using both controllers. For standing up, the SCC was not found to offer any quantifiable advantages over the OLC and was found to increase the hand force by 8.4%. In contrast, for sitting down the SCC was found to reduce the knee angular velocities as the subject approached the seat by 27%, demonstrating a safer, softer landing.
 ...
PMID:Switching curve controller for FES-assisted standing up and sitting down. 963 24

Paraplegia means a live long sentence of sensory loss, paralysis and dependence with approximately 1000 new victims in every European country every year and 11.500 new traumatic SCI cases in the US. respectively. Sixty percent are injured before age 30. More than 90% of SCI victims may survive with nearly normal experience of live. Most patients will recover somewhat from SCI over time but no patient who remained plegic for one year regains voluntary motor function after that time period. Despite remarkable efforts and recent achievements in rehabilitation no treatment can be recommended so far to enhance functional recovery and restoring locomotion in paraplegic humans. FES as a technical compensation has become therefore a challenging treatment to restore muscle function and to prevent atrophy and to improve mobility and quality of life at the same time. In paraplegics FES could be the basis to restore locomotion. One of the advantages of an implanted FES version (neuroprosthesis) is that the FES system, electrodes, and cables remain permanently implanted within the body, so that the patient can stay without cables, the programmer attached to the crutches. The SUAW project, supported under BIOMED II Programme by the European Community was aimed to finalize and to put into practice the results of previous research and development. The novel implant with an ASCI-Chip has 16 channels, 8 on each side, 20 mA for monopolar and 2 mA for bipolar stimulation, only one electrode can be stimulated at a given time. Stimulation of 6 muscle groups of both legs are known to be sufficient for locomotion: M. ileopsoas (erector of the body, hip flexor), M. gluteus maximus (hip extensor), M. gluteus medius (lateral hip stabilisator, knee abductor), Mm. hamstrings (knee flexor) stimulated by epimysial electrodes, Mm. sartorius and rectus femoris (knee extensor) stimulated by neural, bipolar electrodes. Patient's selection criteria were: stable spinal cord lesion between T7 and T11, minimum 1 year after the accident without deformity of the spine, the muscle groups for locomotion responding to external FES with the EXOSTIM programmer with the same programme used later for the neuroprosthesis. Two paraplegic male patients, T8, 38 and 31 years old respectively, were operated on by an international group of surgeons according to the protocol in 09/1999, respectively 7/2000. The postop. course was uneventful. Because the threshold of the primary implant was too low regarding scare tissue around the electrodes, this implant was changed in 01/2000 and worked perfectly. Both patients are happy with the success of the novel treatment modalities.
 ...
PMID:Computer added locomotion by implanted electrical stimulation in paraplegic patients (SUAW). 1197 98


1 2 Next >>