Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recent increases in acute STDs among MSM must be viewed in the context of a post-AIDS era that is characterized by demographic shifts,changing sexual attitudes, and rapidly changing social contexts. A key driver seems to be the growing prevalent pool of HIV-positive MSM for whom the crucial motivator for safer sex (primary HIV prevention) no longer exists and where, given the prevalence of seroconcordant sexual mixing, consider-able uncertainty and conflicting advice regarding the rationale and benefits for continued safer-sex practice are unclear [105,106]. Although it is tempting to ascribe these changes to increases in risk behavior, it is essential that the contexts in which the changes are occurring are also considered. It may also be appropriate to contemplate whether further changes to the social environment (eg, structural interventions) are a suitable adjunct to our traditional prevention activities that operate largely in isolation from each other. It seems natural to advocate that interventions that adopt holistic approaches to the sexual health of MSM and that address upstream factors such as mental health, drug use, discrimination, and internalized homophobia should be included in the efforts to create more healthy environments for MSM. However, there is still some way to go in identifying which of these upstream interventions are effective, how they may be implemented within or alongside existing health care systems, and what impact, if any, they are likely to have on STD transmission. Such interventions are also likely to belong on implementation time, require consider political will, and be extremely hard to evaluate, and the benefits may not be seen within the same generation in which they are implemented. Therefore, there must be confidence that this is the appropriate route of travel. The consistency of findings from across industrialized countries confirms an increasing connectivity within the global MSM community;a community that is decreasingly defined by geographic boundaries and, in the era of the Internet and easier foreign travel, increasingly linked by shared interests and social and sexual networks. This is powerfully demonstrated in the near-simultaneous syphilis and LGV outbreaks among MSM in Europe and the United States [29]. In this regard, greater collaboration between researchers and providers working with MSM indifferent countries is now required. More specifically, consideration should be given to creating closer partnerships between sentinel cities, such as London, New York, San Francisco, Berlin, Paris, and Amsterdam, that have large MSM populations and are likely to be emerging, or rapid diffusion sites for new social and sexual trends that may impact on disease transmission. There are many benefits to such cross-national working,including earlier recognition and improved response to emerging threats,sharing innovative practice, avoiding duplication of effort, and creating a united front for dealing with what must be considered a cause for concern domestically and globally.
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PMID:Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men in Western europe and the United States: why? 1596 74

Saxophone deformity of the penis is commonly secondary to diseases causing chronic lymphatic obstruction. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is an important cause for this deformity. A case of LGV in genito-anorectal syndrome with a saxophone penis is reported along with the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) findings of anorectal involvement, and a probable hypothesis for this typical appearance of the penis.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Jan
PMID:Saxophone penis revisited. 1640 84

Genital elephantiasis is an important medical problem in the tropics. It usually affects young and productive age group, and is associated with physical disability and extreme mental anguish. The majority of cases are due to filariasis; however, a small but significant proportion of patients develop genital elephantiasis due to bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and donovanosis. STI-related genital elephantiasis should be differentiated from elephantiasis due to other causes, including filariasis, tuberculosis, haematological malignancies, iatrogenic, or dermatological diseases. Laboratory investigations like microscopy of tissue smear and nucleic acid amplification test for donovanosis, and serology and polymerase chain reaction for LGV may help in the diagnosis, but in endemic areas, in the absence of laboratory facilities, diagnosis largely depends on clinical characteristics. The causative agent of LGV, Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L1-L3, is a lymphotropic organism which leads to the development of thrombolymphangitis and perilymphangitis, and lymphadenitis. Long-standing oedema, fibrosis and lymphogranulomatous infiltration result in the final picture of elephantiasis. Elephantiasis in donovanosis is mainly due to constriction of the lymphatics which are trapped in the chronic granulomatous inflammatory response generated by the causative agent, Calymmatobacterium (Klebsiella) granulomatis. The LGV-associated genital elephantiasis should be treated with a prolonged course of doxycycline given orally, while donovanosis should be treated with azithromycin or trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole combination given for a minimum of three weeks. Genital elephantiasis is not completely reversible with medical therapy alone and often needs to be reduced surgically.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Mar
PMID:Genital elephantiasis and sexually transmitted infections - revisited. 1651

Before 2003, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) was rare in developed nations. Several large clusters of LGV in men who have sex with men have been reported across Europe and in the United States of America (USA) since 2003. LGV is caused by L1, L2 and L3 serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis and is a sexually transmitted infection. LGV causes genital ulcers, infected inguinal lymph nodes (buboes) and proctitis/proctocolitis. Treatment with a three-week course of doxycycline prevents rectal strictures, bowel obstruction, bowel perforation and possibly death. Clinicians seeing men who have sex with men with inguinal lymphadenopathy and bowel symptoms should be aware of this current epidemic.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Jan
PMID:Lymphogranuloma venereum: an emerging cause of proctitis in men who have sex with men. 1762 14

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has recently been reported in men who have sex with men. In a case-control study we compared behavioural and clinical features of 32 men with LGV (cases) and 31 men with non-LGV chlamydial proctitis (controls). LGV was associated with rectal discharge (odds ratio [OR] 4.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 12.2), and there was a tendency to association with HIV infection (OR 3.60, CI 0.67-19.4), sexual contact in the UK (OR 3.03, CI 1.02-9.01) and fisting (OR 5.04, CI 0.98-26.1). LGV should be considered a possible diagnosis in men with rectal discharge.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Jul
PMID:The clinical manifestations of anorectal infection with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) versus non-LGV strains of Chlamydia trachomatis: a case-control study in homosexual men. 1762 5

A total of one hundred patients (75 males and 25 females) age ranged from 17-65 years with genital lesions attending the STD clinic of Bowring and LC Hospitals Bangalore constituted the study group. Based on clinical features, the study groups were classified as syphilis (39), chancroid (30), herpes genitalis (13), condylomato lato (9), LGV (7t condylomata acuminata (5), genital scabies (3), granuloma inguinole (2) and genital candidiasis (1). In 68% microbiological findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Of the 100 cases 13% and 2% were positive for HIV antibodies and HbsAg respectively.
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PMID:Study of genital lesions. 1764 54

A retrospective data analysis was carried out to find the trends in frequency and distribution of different STDs in North Eastern (NE) India during 1995-1999. The commonest STD was chancroid (25.7%) followed by condylomata acuminata (CA), nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), syphilis, gonorrhoea (GONO), herpes genitalis (HG), mixed infection (MI) and balanoposthitis (BP). Interestingly no case of donovanosis (Dono) was seen. HIV infection accounted for 9.62% of the total STD patients. A comparison of the present data with that reported a decade back (1986-1990) revealed a sharp decline in the incidence of syphilis, chancroid, GONO, whereas a conspicuous upward trend in CA and NGU. Factors responsible for these variations are analysed briefly.
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PMID:Changing trends in sexually transmitted diseases in North Eastern India. 1765 79

A total of 4129 patients attended the STD clinic from 1996 to 1999. Of those 25.75% were STD cases. Male and female cases comprised 86% and 14% respectively. Majority were in the age group between 18 to 38 years. Chancroid was the commonest STD (37.7%). Other STDs in order were syphilis (30.66%), NGU (15.71%), gonorrhoea (7%), venereal wart (3.57%), candidiasis (2.53%), trichomonal vaginitis (1.6%), herpes genitalis (0.65%) and LGV (0.47%). No case of Donovanosis or HIV was detected. 13.7% of STD cases were reactive for VDRL test and 8% of the antenatal attendants were strongly VDRL test reactive. The urethral discharge on gram staining was positive for gonococcus, in 29%. 68% of the clinic attendants were given safer sex education and served condom.
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PMID:A study on the present scenario of STD management in an urban clinic in Kolkata. 1765 84

Lymphogranuloma venereum in the United Kingdom was detected in 2004, following the introduction of enhanced surveillance. This report describes a previously undiagnosed case, detected retrospectively in a sample obtained in 2003 from a male patient with high-risk behaviour, indicating that this previously rare disease in Europe, was present in the UK in 2003.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Feb
PMID:Lymphogranuloma venereum in the UK in 2003. 1859 88

Here, we present a 20-year-old man who presented with painful inguinal and femoral masses. He gave a history of sexual contact with a mare 14 days before his recent illness. He was diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum based on the histopathological findings and a high titre of IgG (1:1400).
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Aug
PMID:Unusual transmission route of Lymphogranuloma venereum; following sexual contact with a female donkey. 1910 1


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