Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies to human immune deficiency (HIV) virus were studied in 2000 individuals including cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), leprosy, chronic renal failure on haemodialysis and patients attending STD clinics. A group of blood donors was also screened, ELISA kits provided by Wellcome Diagnostics were used. Results indicate that the ELISA values were far above the cut off figure in all except in a couple where the husband who had stayed in Uganda for several years, and had features of full blown AIDS died 4 months after the diagnosis. The spouse contacted AIDS within a relatively short incubation period and died within 6 months of diagnosis. The North Indian population thus appears to be free of this virus so far. This observation will be an important lead mark in the future epidemiology of HIV infection in India.
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PMID:HIV-I antibodies in health and disease. 209

Sera from 34 patients with lepromatous leprosy were screened for the presence of autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence using two epithelial cell lines, PTK2 and HEp2, as substrates. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of both substrates with the serum of a patient with lepromatous leprosy revealed a cytoplasmic intermediate filament staining pattern. After exposure of PTK2 cells to colchicine, the filaments collapsed into thick perinuclear coils, confirming the presence of intermediate filament reactivity. Immunofluorescence of rat fibroblasts with the same serum also revealed an intermediate filamentous staining pattern. Human keratinocytes exposed to the patient's serum revealed a diffuse cytoplasmic staining pattern. Our study suggests the presence of autoantibodies to cytoskeletal intermediate filaments or to molecules associated with vimentin and possibly keratin subunit proteins in the serum of a patient with lepromatous leprosy.
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PMID:A patient with lepromatous leprosy and anticytoskeletal antibodies. 245 40

It is demonstrated how definitions can determine social consequences of impairment and disability. A comparison between leprosy and AIDS provides the basis for the discussion. The United States is the geographic and political arena under consideration. Issues of classification as STD (sexually transmitted disease) or as contagious, communicable disease are relevant. An important factor to predict the social impact is the nomenclature utilized by CDC (Center for Disease Control). CDC represents the government as the official agency to gather and report morbidity and mortality information. Hypotheses to explain stigma on the basis of epidemiological bases are added to the usual sociological concepts or historical considerations. Potential application of the findings are discussed.
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PMID:Issues of definitions and their implications: AIDS and leprosy. 258 43

The English-speaking Caribbean is in transition toward communicable disease health patterns seen in the more developed world. Structural adjustment policies in recent years have weakened control measures, such as water supply and sanitation, as illustrated by recent outbreaks of typhoid fever in Jamaica (1990-1991), increased malaria incidence in Suriname and Guyana (with temporary importation into southern Trinidad in 1991), an upswing in tuberculosis in some countries, and the occurrence of cholera outbreaks in Belize, Suriname, and Guyana. The emergence of epidemic cholera throughout most of Latin America in 1991, and Caribbean mainland countries in 1992, aroused concern. Deteriorating socioeconomic conditions and the consequent communicable disease risk underscored the absence of communicable disease control in the Caribbean Cooperation in Health (CCH) strategy which was adopted in 1986 by the countries of the Caribbean Community. The Caribbean Epidemiology Center (CAREC) offered the following analysis: At least four out of seven CCH priorities already directly address critical aspects of communicable disease control, and therefore the question arises whether communicable disease control should be recognized as an explicit CCH priority. Beyond cholera and the diseases already represented in the CCH strategy, there are only a few other communicable diseases that warrant specific attention at this time: tuberculosis; leprosy, which CAREC member countries may want to eradicate; and leptospirosis, a zoonosis (communicable disease of animals transmissible to humans) thought to be the most frequent disease of this type in the Caribbean. These three conditions are insufficient to justify a distinct communicable disease grouping within CCH. However, if all communicable diseases of public health importance were to be grouped together (AIDS/STD, vaccine-preventable diseases, food- and waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases), such a group would be important enough to justify a distinct priority category, with several major subcategories.
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PMID:Communicable disease control as a Caribbean public health priority. 801 35

A detailed clinical, bacteriological and histopathological study of 1373 patients of leprosy who sought medical advice at the Department of Skin, STD and Leprosy of Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, during 1975-1993 is reported. The disease was observed in 1.54 patients per 1000 cases attending in the skin department out-patients. More than 50% of them had polar type of lepromatous leprosy. The disease was found 2.42 times more often in males than in females and was found mainly in the age group 11-70 years. Family history of leprosy was obtained in 130 (9.5%) of the cases. Lepra reactions were seen in 151 (11%) cases, of which 30 had type 1 reaction (19.2%) and 121 type 2 reaction (80.1%). The majority of leprosy cases (966 or 70.4%) were from Jodhpur district, followed by 109 (7.9%) from Nagaur district and then from, Barmer, Jaisalmer and Jalore etc. All cases of leprosy responded well to the WHO regimens of multidrug therapy. The reactional cases were satisfactorily managed with higher doses of clofazimine along with oral prednisolone.
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PMID:A clinico-epidemiological study of leprosy in arid north-west Rajasthan, Jodhpur. 853 4

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, as of the end of 1994, 17% of adults in Zambia had been infected with HIV. The Ministry of Health's National AIDS/STD/TB and Leprosy Program's (NASTLP) prevalence estimates concur with those of the WHO. NASTLP surveillance covers women attending antenatal clinics, outpatients, and blood donors. Although available HIV prevalence data for the country are less than reliable, it is clear that HIV prevalence has increased over time to presently high levels and that prevalence is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Very high levels of HIV prevalence have been found among some health care professionals tested at Lusaka University Teaching Hospital. The data on AIDS cases are of poor quality. 42% of urban and 33% of rural households in 1993 contained orphans. Projections of the course of the epidemic are presented along with discussion of the potential impact upon the economy, the agricultural sector, and the private sector. Zambia's background is outlined. Vulnerability is then considered with regard to sexually transmitted diseases, poverty, the loss of formal sector employment and structural adjustment programs, mobility within society, urbanization, social pressure upon girls to have sexual intercourse, and the traditional practice of cleansing surviving spouses through sexual intercourse with an in-law. Government and private sector responses and external assistance from the European Commission are noted.
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PMID:Risk analysis. HIV / AIDS country profile: Zambia. 1229 60

Though repeated attention has been drawn to a lack of proper teaching-learning modules in leprosy endemic countries, no satisfactory module exists. Keeping in view this fact, we attempted to draft a suitable module on leprosy that could be used to teach leprosy to undergraduate medical students in a simple and comprehensive manner. We used two different modules, Module A and Module B, to teach two different batches of students of the pre-final year (VI and VII semesters) of the MBBS course. Both these modules were conducted by the Department of Dermatology and STD, with participation by the Departments of Microbiology, Pathology and Preventive and Social Medicine. The drafts of the modules were discussed before hand in the Department, keeping in mind the number of days allotted to us. Both the modules were different in certain aspects, but the basic concept was the same. Because Module A had more time, certain practical aspects were also discussed. It was interesting to note that the percentage of increase in the post-test score was 17 for Module A and 15 for Module B, thus proving that both the modules were effective in conveying the core message about leprosy.
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PMID:Modular teaching programme on leprosy. 1524 70

Declining drug costs and increases in international donor interest are leading to greater availability of antiretroviral treatment programmes for persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Ensuring adequate adherence to antiretroviral drug therapy is one of the principal challenges facing successful implementation in Africa, where 70% of the world's infected persons live. Tuberculosis and leprosy are two diseases of global importance whose control programmes can provide important lessons for developing antiretroviral drug adherence strategies. This paper examines various approaches used in tuberculosis and leprosy control which could help enhance adherence to antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.
Int J STD AIDS 2004 Nov
PMID:Antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: adherence lessons from tuberculosis and leprosy. 1553 53

Few cases of leprosy as immune reconstitution syndrome have been reported in patients with HIV/AIDS. Two cases of leprosy as immune reconstitution syndrome in AIDS persons are described, and clinical features, diagnostic criteria and pathogenesis are discussed.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Feb
PMID:Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with leprosy: two cases. 1833 74

This study was done by collecting the retrospective data from 1994 to 2009 of patients attending the urban leprosy centre attached to the department of dermatology, STD & leprosy of PGIMER & Dr. R M L Hospital, New Delhi. The data was analysed according to age, sex, type of leprosy, leprosy reactions, deformities and relapse and compared with the national figures by comparison of proportions after taking the national data per 10,000 population. A total of 3659 patients attended our ULC (Urban Leprosy Centre) among which 2741 were male and 945 females (M:F-3:1). 669 patients (18.2%) were children. The data analysed show a gradual decline in new case detection rate with a marginal rise in 2005 and 2008. Percentage of MB cases was falling consistently till 2005 after which it showed an abrupt rise. The incidence of type 1 reaction varied from 21% in 1994 to 10% in 2009 in PB patients and from 6% in 1994 to 8% in 2009 in MB patients. The trend of type 2 reactions in MB patients showed a slow declining trend. MDT completion rate showed an impressive improvement from 56% in 1994 to 90% in 2009. The number of patients revisiting the ULC with features of relapse also showed a decrease in number. The pattern of visible deformities showed an almost constant trend similar to national figures. Improved MDT completion rate helps in reducing the disease transmission, severity, reactions and disabilities.
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PMID:Epidemiological trends of leprosy in an urban leprosy centre of Delhi: a retrospective study of 16 years. 2278 54


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