Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A whole blood method requiring less than 4 ml of heparinized blood was developed to assess the practicality of preparing whole blood samples that could be easily stored, transported and readily used to determine the lymphocyte phenotypes and proliferation responses of individuals from remote areas who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Minor modifications in standard whole blood procedure for lymphocyte phenotyping have significantly increased the stability of light scatter and fluorescence intensity of the cells for subsequent flow cytometry (FC) analysis. These changes include removal of lysis solution prior to fixation, fixation of monoclonal antibody-stained cells in 1% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes and storage of fixed samples in medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin. Lymphocyte subsets and their functional subsets could reliably be determined on samples stored for up to 4 weeks. Further, blood samples could be kept at room temperature for up to 96 hours or at ambient temperature during transportation from Africa before staining for FC without affecting their quantitation. While samples could be processed for FC analysis under field-laboratory conditions, proliferation assays could only be performed on samples that were transported within 48 hours of their collection. The whole blood method saves time and expense and decreases the volumes of blood required to perform phenotypic analysis and functional assays on specimens collected in remote areas.
Int J STD AIDS 1990 Jan
PMID:Long-term preservation of whole blood samples for flow cytometry analysis in normal and HIV-infected individuals from Africa. 171 4

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all primary care physicians assess the sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus (STD/HIV) risk of all adolescent and adult patients. To determine whether factors amenable to change through continuing medical education are associated with frequent and thorough STD/HIV risk assessment, a telephone survey of primary care physicians in the Washington, DC metropolitan area was conducted (n = 961). Thirty-seven percent of physicians reported regularly asking new adult patients about their sexual practices; 60% asked new adolescent patients. STD/HIV risk questioning was associated with physicians' confidence in their ability to help prevent HIV, comfort with discussing patients' sexual practices, and perception of a large STD/HIV problem in their practice. These findings suggest that continuing medical education should target improvement in physicians' sexual practice questioning skills.
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PMID:Frequency and thoroughness of STD/HIV risk assessment by physicians in a high-risk metropolitan area. 174 64

Autonomic function tests have been recorded in 40 male homosexual patients with serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 12 male homosexuals without such antibodies. Abnormalities of autonomic function were found in 15 of 31 patients without other recognized reasons for autonomic dysfunction. Four patients had two or more test abnormalities. The profile of these abnormalities was found to be different from that of autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes and other disorders and was consistent with the presence of sympathetic overactivity. Abnormalities in autonomic function were particularly associated with clinically identifiable neurological complications of HIV infection.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Autonomic dysfunction in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 178 31

Between January 1987 and December 1990, 179 patients (131 men, 48 women) infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were admitted 408 times to St James's Hospital, Dublin. One hundred and thirty-two (73.7%) patients were intravenous drug users. The commonest cause of admission was bacterial lower respiratory tract infection (84 patients, 21%). At the time of study 95 (53%) patients fulfilled Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stage IV disease. HIV antibody status in 26 of these patients with stage IV disease was unknown prior to their admission to hospital with symptomatic disease. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most frequent stage IV defining diagnosis. The mean length of hospital stay for patients with CDC stage II/III and stage IV disease was 8.5 (median 7) and 13.5 (median 8) days respectively.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Admission for HIV-1 related disease in a Dublin hospital 1987-1990. 178 35

In response to the risk of occupationally acquired infection with hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus, the State of Oklahoma enacted legislation which provided for a system of notification of emergency medical personnel who sustain risk exposures to blood or other potentially infectious body fluids. The system is based on the immediate report of the exposure to the STD/HIV Division of the Oklahoma State Department of Health. Between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1990, emergency response facilities reported 115 exposures to blood or other body fluids. There was a mean delay of 12 days between exposure and report to the STD/HIV Division. Only 10 (9%) of the exposed workers had been previously vaccinated against hepatitis B, and universal precautions were in use only 40% of the time. Forty-eight reports (41.7%) indicated exposures that did not pose a risk of disease transmission. These data indicate that emergency response facilities are in need of further education directed at the risk and prevention of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
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PMID:Occupational risk exposure reports among first responders in Oklahoma, January 1989-December 1990. 183 55

Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus, other infectious agents and neopterin levels were determined in 253 patients in a rural area of North-West Tanzania. Seroprevalence for HIV was 3.2%. In one case serology was positive for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and questions whether there was a real double infection or a cross reaction not only concerning core region proteins but also transmembrane protein. The specificity in the diagnosis of HIV-infection is markedly increased with newer serological methods using recombinant peptides but did not improve sensitivity on African sera. Neopterin was determined as a sensitive indirect marker for the activation of T-cells and is therefore correlated with the susceptibility of HIV infection and with progression of disease. High seroprevalence rates for various infectious agents were determined and may explain the high rate of elevated neopterin levels in 80% of the Africans. Neopterin levels were even higher in HIV patients. Viral p24 antigen was found only in two persons, one of whom had no antibodies detectable.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Evaluation on HIV serology and immune-stimulation on patients in Tanzania. 190 99

In order to study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and related risk factors, Dutch expatriates who returned from sub-Saharan Africa were asked to complete a questionnaire on sexual, occupational, and other risk factors, and to donate a sample of blood to test for antibodies against HIV. The 1968 participants were involved in various professions and their families included those over 16 years of age who were posted in sub-Saharan African countries by Dutch governmental, nongovernmental, and commercial organizations for at least 6 months cumulative between January 1, 1979-January 1, 1990. Antibodies against HIV-1 were found among 4 of 1122 men (0.4%) and 1 of 846 women (0.1%). The woman and 3 of the men had had sexual contact with African partners and had been treated for sexually transmitted diseases, 2 of these 3 men also had an African life partner. One man reported occupational exposure only. Of the 1968 participants, 89 men (7.9%) and 18 women (2.1%) lived with an African partner; 344 men (30.7%) and 111 women (13.1%) had heterosexual contact with other African partners. Only 22.3% (men) and 18.6% (women) of casual sexual contacts with African partners were always protected by a condom. 232 of 408 (56.9%) paramedics reported needlesticks. Groups at risk of HIV infection through sexual exposure were identified using logistic regression models. In conclusion, the observed prevalence of HIV-1 is low. However, unprotected sexual contact with African partners and needlestick accidents were common. This study underscores the continuous need for health education of expatriates on the risks of transmission of HIV in Africa.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Risk of HIV infection among Dutch expatriates in sub-Saharan Africa. 191 56

In one multisite, primary health-care program in 10 large cities in the United States, 3% of participating adolescents engaged in behaviors that increased their risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (i.e., prostitution, injecting-drug use, male homosexual behavior, or behaviors leading to ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases [STDs]); 16% of these adolescents had had more than six sex partners or a nonulcerative STD in the previous year. In the United States, schools are an important setting for education about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); however, the potential role of parents in educating their children about this problem has not been well characterized. To determine characteristics of parents who reported discussing (or not discussing) AIDS with their 10-17-year-old children, CDC analyzed data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey, a national multistage probability survey of U.S. households conducted by CDC's National Center for Health Statistics.
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PMID:Characteristics of parents who discuss AIDS with their children--United States, 1989. 194 28

Herpes simplex infection of the genitals is a common condition, more often due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 than to type 1 virus. There is a severe first attack followed by mild recurrences which are more common and more frequent after HSV-2 than after HSV-1 genital infection. Clinical features with prodrome, vesicles and erosions may be characteristic allowing rapid clinical diagnosis. When possible laboratory confirmation should be attempted. General management includes simple hygiene, avoidance of sexual transmission, use of condoms, and notifying partners. Oral acyclovir (Zovirax, Wellcome) is the drug of choice for initial attacks and should be considered for all women with this diagnosis. Intravenous acyclovir may be used for very severe attacks. Men with initial attacks may be treated with oral acyclovir but mild disease affecting only skin may be treated with 5% acyclovir cream. Recurrences are short so acyclovir has less effect. Frequent recurrences can be troublesome and may be suppressed by continuous oral acyclovir, or individual attacks may be aborted with intermittent therapy. Various systemic complications may occur; an important but rare problem is primary herpes in late pregnancy. Acyclovir is effective in the treatment of the troublesome herpes simplex disease associated with human immunodeficiency infection. Acyclovir is one of the more expensive treatments for sexually transmitted diseases. At present in many countries costs are being examined, and application of the principles outlined here should help to minimize cost and maximize care.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Management of genital herpes simplex infection. 195 14

This study compared the distributions of known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among drug injectors in Glasgow over a 3.5 year period. Data were obtained from all relevant laboratory request forms submitted to Glasgow's 3 virology laboratories during the period 1 January 1986 to 30 June 1989. The overall prevalence of HIV among those tested was 3.7% (66/1786). There were 125 cases of acute HBV infection. The male:female ratios for HIV and acute HBV were 1:1 and 2:1, respectively. Thirty-four per cent of persons with HIV were aged under 21 years compared with 53% with acute HBV. Three out of 10 areas of the city accounted for 92% of HIV infection but only 66% of acute HBV infection. HIV infection was not detected among drug injectors in 4 areas of the city but at least 2 cases of acute HBV infection were recorded in all 10 areas. The geographical and age distribution of acute HBV infection in Glasgow suggests that the potential for future spread of HIV among drug injectors remains considerable.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Distribution of HIV and acute hepatitis B infection among drug injectors in Glasgow. 195 20


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