Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The usefulness of type-specific testing for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is much debated with proponents arguing for likely change in the sexual behaviour of asymptomatic carriers and opponents suggesting that testing may have significant adverse psychological impact while not promoting behaviour change. In the present study we examine the impact of HSV-2 serological testing on psychological well-being, self-esteem, anxiety, sexual self-perceptions and sexual practices among a sample of 180 clients of a sexual health clinic. Of the participants, 21 (11.7%) were HSV-2 positive at entry to the study. No adverse psychological consequences of a positive test were observed among those participants followed for 3 months (n=124) or for 6 months (n=97). There was little significant change observed in sexual behaviour although a general but not significant pattern of decreased sexual behaviour with casual partners was observed among participants who tested HSV-2 negative. While supportive of the value of HSV-2 testing, these findings require replication in larger samples and different populations.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Jan
PMID:Psychosocial impact of type-specific herpes simplex serological testing on asymptomatic sexual health clinic attendees. 1066 95

Our objective was to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection amongst genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attenders at a district general hospital using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In a prospective study, heterosexual patients attending the Department of GUM at Trafford General Hospital attending with a new clinical problem and having a blood sample taken for routine syphilis serology had the same sample tested for HSV type 2 antibodies. The prevalence of HSV type 2 seropositivity amongst participants was 9.9% (24/242) for men and 18.7% (46/246) for women. With respect to undiagnosed, asymptomatic infection the seroprevalence was 8.6% and 17% respectively. For those attenders locally resident the seroprevalence was 10.1% and 17.5% respectively, and undiagnosed, asymptomatic infection 8.5% and 17.1% respectively. Although seroprevalence figures in this study are lower than the only previous report in the UK, these results, nevertheless, show that seropositivity is not confined to large urban centres. Patients attending GUM clinics are likely to have high rates of undiagnosed HSV type 2 infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Jun
PMID:Serological prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 amongst GUM clinic attenders in a district general hospital setting. 1087 11

Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies in male and female prisoners. A cross-sectional random sample was used consisting of 789 prisoners (657 males and 132 females) from 27 correctional centres across New South Wales (NSW), stratified by sex, age and Aboriginality. Participants were questioned about demographics and behavioural risk factors and were screened for serum antibody to HSV-2. The overall prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (58%) than males (21%), and in Aborigines (34%) compared with non-Aborigines (24%). HSV-2 prevalence increased with the number of sexual partners. Few prisoners (1%) reported a previous diagnosis of genital herpes. Independent risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 antibodies were increasing age and Aboriginality for men, and higher reported number of lifetime sexual partners and the presence of hepatitis C antibodies for women. HSV-2 infection is common in prison inmates. There is a need to incorporate information about STDs, including HSV-2, into education programmes for inmates.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Nov
PMID:Herpes simplex virus type 2 in prisoners, New South Wales, Australia. 1108 89

We investigated the cost-effectiveness of strategies for screening pregnant women for herpes simplex virus (HSV) genital infection. The cost of performing tests for HSV-1 antibody and for HSV-2 antibody on each serum was likely to average approximately 10 pounds sterling per sample and the total cost of screening 37,500 pregnancies in Manchester would be between 0.4 pounds sterling and 0.5 pounds sterling million per year. This estimated cost might prevent the development of neonatal herpes due to a primary HSV infection. However, initial HSV-2 infection is also associated with neonatal herpes and therefore the above cost-estimates might be a gross underestimate.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Jan
PMID:Genital herpes in pregnancy: is screening cost-effective? 1117 76

The correlation between sexually transmitted infections and cervicovaginal dysplasia has been evaluated in a cohort of 135 women who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) and were admitted to Amedeo di Savoia Hospital of Turin during the years 1997 and 1998 (stages B2 and B3 or C2 and C3). Of these women. 31 presented with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; mean age, 33.5 +/- 5.9 years). Among them, 14 were affected by cervicovaginal dysplasia of differing severity; human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was found in 13 subjects (10 with cervicovaginal dysplasia). Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection was detected in six women. Finally, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans were found in 10 and in 6 patients, respectively. Immunologic and hematologic evaluations were performed in the patients affected by STDs; in 28 patients of our case report unaffected by STDs but of similar ages (34.1 +/- 5.6 years) and stage of infection; and in 20 HIV-negative women unaffected by STDs. A significant reduction among the patients affected by STDs, as compared to those unaffected, was found in the case of white cells, CD4+ T cells, and ratio values (CD4 +/ and CD8 + T cells). Moreover, red cell count and hemoglobin concentration were lower in those women in the STD group. A lack of correlation was found between HIV RNA loads and CD4 + T cell counts and between HIV RNA and hemoglobin concentration in the patients with cervicovaginal dysplasia and in those affected by HSV-2 infection, which differed from the findings in subjects affected only by trichomoniasis or candidiasis. This suggests that the two former pathologic conditions (cervico-vaginal dysplasia and HSV-2 infection), other than HIV- I infection, may contribute to the impairment of these values. Moreover in our case report, T vaginalis and HSV-2 infections, which are suspected to have an oncogenic potential, do not seem to be relevant in the induction or facilitation of genital neoplastic diseases. Noteworthy is that the patients affected by HSV-2 infection, such as those affected by genital neoplastic diseases, showed the most compromised values of total white cells, CD4+ T cells, ratio index, red cells, and hemoglobin concentration.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted infections and cervicovaginal dysplasia in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-positive women in Turin. 1127 Apr 19

The potential efficacy of prodrug activation of a transduced suicide gene in a cancer cell may be impaired or enhanced by oncoproteins produced by that cell. In the context of a gene therapy protocol for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) we examined whether the Bcr-Abl fusion protein would have either of these effects. Thus, the mechanism of cell killing by transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) and subsequent ganciclovir (GCV) treatment was examined in pre-B (TonB210.1) cells and myeloid cells (32D) and in their BCR-ABL-expressing counterparts. HSV-tk-transduced cell lines, either in the presence or in the absence of BCR-ABL expression, became susceptible to GCV at concentrations which were nontoxic to the nontransduced cells. This susceptibility was represented by apoptotic cell death in all cases. Apoptosis was observed after 24 h of treatment with GCV in the tk-transduced parental cells and in the BCR-ABL-expressing TonB210.1 cells but only after a delay of more than 24 h in the 32Dp210 cells compared to 32D. Cell death in the BCR-ABL-expressing clones was preceded by S- and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Activation of FAS/APO-1 and caspase-8 was observed in all the tk-transduced cell lines after GCV treatment. However, the caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK only partially abrogated tk/GCV-induced apoptosis. A possible role for inhibition of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L) expression in the apoptosis induced by GCV was observed in the tk-transduced TonB210.1 cells but not in the 32D or 32Dp210 cells. The data demonstrate that expression of the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein does not block the apoptosis induced by the HSV-tk/GCV system, suggesting that this suicide gene therapy strategy could be considered for the treatment of CML in blast crisis.
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PMID:BCR-ABL-expressing cells transduced with the HSV-tk gene die by apoptosis upon treatment with ganciclovir. 1135 68

Several type-specific serologic assays for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), based on glycoprotein G1 (gG1) and gG2, have recently been developed. These include immunodot (POCkit HSV-2) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic value of POCkit HSV-2, a near-patient test, and of 2 immunoenzymatic, type-specific assays was evaluated on 122 patients attending an STD clinic. Western blot was used as the reference test. The sensitivity of POCkit HSV-2 was good but the specificity was poor, so that in a population with low seroprevalence, a positive result is likely to be a false positive. Analysis of 2 currently available HSV type-specific ELISAs yielded results suggesting that the sensitivity of these tests may also be suboptimal.
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PMID:Evaluation of a near-patient test and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assays for detecting anti-herpes simplex virus type-2 antibodies. 1172 57

Type-specific serological tests to distinguish between infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) have largely been used for studies which have contributed to our knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of these infections. Such tests could be used as diagnostic tools in clinical situations provided that clinician and patient are aware of the test characteristics, which may result in false negative and false positive results. The use of serological tests in the screening of populations or sub-populations, such as pregnant women, has been advocated to attempt to halt the worldwide spread of the infection. However, there is little evidence currently to support this strategy.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Dec
PMID:Clinical uses of herpes simplex virus type-specific serology. 1177 67

A cross-sectional study at two urban primary health care clinics in Zimbabwe was conducted among 393 consecutive women. The purpose was to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), to identify coinfections and to determine the association between HSV-2, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sera were tested for HSV-2, HIV and syphilis. Genital specimens were tested for the other STIs. The seroprevalence of ulcerative STIs tested was 42.2% for HSV-2 and 3.9% for syphilis. HSV-2 seropositive women had twice the risk of being HIV infected compared to HSV-2 seronegative women, adjusted OR=2.05 (95% CI=1.29-3.23). HSV-2 seropositivity was also associated with older age, a lower level of education, increase in the number of lifetime sexual partners and history of genital ulcers in the past six or more months. Our data suggest that in this population HSV-2 may contribute more to HIV infection than syphilis because of its high frequency. There is an urgent need for development of an effective HSV-2 vaccine.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 May
PMID:Association of herpes simplex virus type 2 with the human immunodeficiency virus among urban women in Zimbabwe. 1197 39

Herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections produce brain damage in the newborn, and human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in cervical carcinogenesis. To assess the frequency of herpes virus and HPV in semen and its role in transmission, semen from 111 male partners of women with histologically-detected genital HPV infection was analysed for HSV, CMV and HPV infection. We used cell culture to detect HSV and CMV, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV. Virological findings in the sperm were correlated to the presence or absence of HPV-associated genital lesions and to the viral type. Viral cultures yielded HSV-2 DNA in 9% and CMV DNA in 6.3% of cases. No correlation was established with a history of clinically apparent infection for HSV. HPV-DNA was detected in 23.4% of semen by PCR techniques: in 48% of subjects with urethral lesions, in 22% of patients with penile lesions, in 2% of patients without HPV-associated lesions. HPV-DNA type 16 was detected in 3.6% of cases. Patients with a positive HPV semen sample and penile or urethral lesions had the same HPV type detected in the two specimens. The study shows a high detection of clinically inapparent HSV and CMV, but does not confirm high HPV prevalence in semen from men without detectable lesions. Our study also suggests that the mechanism for semen contamination by HPV is the exfoliation of infected cells from urethral lesions during semen ejaculation, and probably, by abrasion from penile lesions. This could result in the contamination of semen used in assisted reproductive technology.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 Aug
PMID:Frequency of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus DNA in semen. 1219 37


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