Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies in male and female prisoners. A cross-sectional random sample was used consisting of 789 prisoners (657 males and 132 females) from 27 correctional centres across New South Wales (NSW), stratified by sex, age and Aboriginality. Participants were questioned about demographics and behavioural risk factors and were screened for serum antibody to HSV-2. The overall prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (58%) than males (21%), and in Aborigines (34%) compared with non-Aborigines (24%). HSV-2 prevalence increased with the number of sexual partners. Few prisoners (1%) reported a previous diagnosis of genital herpes. Independent risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 antibodies were increasing age and Aboriginality for men, and higher reported number of lifetime sexual partners and the presence of hepatitis C antibodies for women. HSV-2 infection is common in prison inmates. There is a need to incorporate information about STDs, including HSV-2, into education programmes for inmates.
Int J STD AIDS 2000 Nov
PMID:Herpes simplex virus type 2 in prisoners, New South Wales, Australia. 1108 89

An increasing proportion of the population perceive complementary medicine as a safer alternative for non-life threatening conditions such as genital herpes. The extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce) has been shown to have immunomodulating properties and has been advocated in the lay press for the treatment of genital herpes. This study, a single centre, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial set out to assess whether an extract of the plant and root of E. purpurea can prevent or decrease the frequency and severity of genital herpes recurrences. These were assessed using a detailed history and clinical review of symptoms. Visual analogue scales were used for documentation and haematological and immunological parameters were measured. Over a one-year period, 50 patients took part in the study receiving 6 months' placebo and 6 months' Echinaforce each. No statistically significant benefit could be detected in this study comparing placebo versus Echinaforce in the treatment of frequently recurrent genital herpes.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Mar
PMID:Does the extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea influence the clinical course of recurrent genital herpes? 1123 67

Estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents are limited. Recent prevalence estimates report over 333 million cases of the four major curable STDs in adults between the ages of 15 and 49: 12 million cases of syphilis, 62 of gonorrhoea, 89 of chlamydia, and 170 of trichomoniasis. The vast majority of these cases are in developing countries such as East Asia and Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin American and Caribbean where syphilis and gonorrhoea still have a high prevalence. However, CT genital infection is the most commonly reported bacterial STD. In 1996 this infection had been the most common of the nationally notifiable infectious disease in the United States and was estimated that there were 2.5-3.3 million new cases per year. It resulted that African-American adolescents 14 to 19 years of age have the highest rates of STDs of any racial/ethnic group of adolescents. In addition, viral "non-curable" STDs have become a prominent public health issue over recent years due to a marked increase in prevalence of HSV and HPV infections. In the United Kingdom the annual number of genital herpes has almost tripled during the past 15 years. It is now evident that the high rate of HSV asymptomatic infection plays an important and complex role in estimating epidemiological data. To date, HPV genital infection probably represents the most frequent STD. The young age of sexual activity onset and lifetime number of sexual partners are considered the highest behavioral risk factors.
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PMID:[Sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents: clinico-epidemiologic findings]. 1129 48

Epidemiological surveillance systems are an integral part of programmes geared towards disease control and therapy especially programmes for infectious diseases. In particular, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data on the spread of sexually transmitted diseases provide the foundation for prevention and control programmes. During the last decade, the lack of data about the diffusion of the emerging STD, such as genital herpes, genital warts and non gonococcal genital infections, has conducted in Italy to set up a STD Surveillance System based on the reporting of cases from selected clinical sites. This report reviews the general principles and methods to be used in setting up of Italian STD Surveillance Project.
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PMID:[Survival in sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection. Methodology and data flow]. 1136 16

Infectious agents which are sexually transmitted determine considerable morbidity in women during the gestational period. Connatal and perinatal infection of the newborn, miscarriage, and low birthweight have all been described. Vertical transmission of HIV and other STD may occur via the placenta during gestation (the major mechanism for syphilis) or at birth during the passage through the cervico-vaginal channel (the major mechanism for HIV, HBV, HSV, gonorrhoea and chlamydia). High serum viral loads of HIV significantly increase the likelihood of newborn infection, while the presence of lesions in the genital tract at birth increases the odd for transmission for HSV. Breast feeding is a well described route of transmission for HIV infection, but it is irrelevant to the transmission of HBV. Cutaneous lesions of the breast and nipples carry a risk of transmission of syphilis and HSV through breast-feeding. Treatment of the etiologic agent is considered an effective means for the prevention of vertical transmission and is recommended for all STI agents except for HBV. HIV infected women on antiretroviral therapy should continue the same treatment regimen if they become pregnant (with the exception of indinavir and efavirenz, which should be replaced as soon as possible); women who did not assume antiretroviral drugs at the time they became pregnant, should start treatment as soon as they reach the second trimester of gestation. Delivery should be performed by elective cesarian section in all HIV infected women. Delivery should also be performed by cesarian section in women who develop a primary HSV infection and have cervico-vaginal lesions. Recurrent episodes of genital herpes are associated to a much lower risk of vertical transmission and do not represent a criterium for cesarian section. Women with documented cervical chlamydia infection should receive a full treatment regimen at the 36th week of gestation. Women with chronic HBV infection do not require etiologic treatment; however, their newborns should receive concomitant doses of HBV immunoglobulins and HBV vaccine soon after birth. Standard practices of prevention of vertical transmission of STI agents applies to women regardless their native country. However, the feasibility of implementation of the guidelines in poor resource countries is a matter of great concern: an unresolved debate is ongoing on optimal strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in such countries.
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PMID:[Vertical trasmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STI)]. 1139 90

The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recurrent genital herpes (RGH) on health-related quality of life, healthcare resource and workplace productivity. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 5 countries (Australia, Denmark, Italy, The Netherlands and UK). Patients with a confirmed history of RGH completed the MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Recurrent Genital Herpes Quality of Life questionnaire (RGHQoL). Questionnaires addressing frequency of access to healthcare services and workplace productivity were also completed and patients' medical history was obtained. Scores for 6 of the 8 domains of the SF-36 were significantly lower (P<0.001) i.e. worse, compared with scores for the normal population. The RGHQoL score was significantly lower in patients experiencing more frequent or more severe recurrences. Forty-five per cent of patients estimated that their work effectiveness was reduced by between 25% and 50% due to genital herpes symptoms.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 Oct
PMID:Patients' perspectives on the burden of recurrent genital herpes. 1156 30

In order to plan a health education programme in high schools in Southern Latium, a survey on knowledge, attitude and behaviour about Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS was carried out among students of three high schools in Cassino. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was submitted to all students of the last two years in those schools. The results show a good knowledge of Cassino's students about HIV transmission, in similar or higher proportion respect to analogous surveys conducted in Italy or abroad. We found a good knowledge only about AIDS, Herpes genitalis and Syphilis, while knowledge about Hepatitis B, Condyloma acuminatum and Gonorrhoea is not satisfactory. Considering that 38% of male and 17% of female students declared to have already had their first sexual intercourse, the results suggest that there is a strong need to implement an educational intervention on sexuality and STD.
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PMID:[Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexually transmitted diseases among students in 3 high schools in Cassino]. 1216 21

Many individuals infected with STDs have their infections/diseases misdiagnosed and mistreated by people who are not qualified to practice medicine. This paper looks at HIV infection and treatment behavior in India. All STD patients attending the private clinic of a senior dermatologist and venereologist in Varanasi during a 6-month period were interviewed. There were 54 men and 6 women of mean age 27.5 years in the range of 18-52. 40 of the men were younger than age 30 years, while most patients had contracted infection from prostitutes. A fair number of more casual contacts were also reported. Infections among males came from known prostitutes in 22 cases, girlfriends in 13, relatives in 10, and a neighbor in 9. 69% of the men were married, with 40.6% of these men living with their wives at the time of exposure. Viral STDs such as herpes genitalis were common. 20 of the men consulted a qualified venereologist after the first exposure to infection. Indigenous "gupt rog" specialists in sexual medicine attracted the second largest number of patients after first exposure. On subsequent visit, however, none of the men returned to a gupt rog specialist. Good compliance as in the case of primary syphilis, gonorrhea, and non-gonococcal urethritis was probably due to good symptomatic response. Poor compliance in the case of herpes genitalis was probably the result of recurrence and inconvenient treatment regimens.
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PMID:Sexual and treatment behaviour of STD patients. 1229 Jun 76

Five hundred and twenty consecutive women newly attending a genitourinary medicine clinic who participated in a study of sexual behaviour were also tested for type-specific antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2; 135 (26%) were seropositive, of whom only 29 (21.5%) had had clinical evidence of genital herpes. Seropositive women were much more likely to have a past history of genital herpes (odds ratio [OR] 173). They were also more likely to be black non-UK born (OR 14), aged 30 years or over (OR 6), to have had 6-20 sexual partners (OR 3-4), especially from abroad (OR 12), to be unemployed (OR 6) or blue collar workers (OR 4), to have smoked cigarettes (OR 2) and to have practised peno-anal penetration (OR 5). Disease predictors included a past history of pelvic inflammatory disease (OR 63) and bacterial vaginosis (OR 3). Unexpected predictors were only one sexual partner (OR 5) and no non-regular partners (OR 5). Commencing intercourse before 16 years of age showed a protective effect (OR 0.2) and so did use of oral contraception (OR 0.5). Our findings show that infection with HSV-2 is associated with a wider range of morbidity and also emphasize the role of male sexual partner selection in the transmission of infection.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Jan
PMID:Predictors of seropositivity to herpes simplex virus type 2 in women. 1259 Jul 90

A walk-in triage system (WITS) was introduced at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in August 2001 as a result of the perceived need to increase access to the clinic for clients requiring immediate assessment. An audit of this alteration to clinic operation resulted in a significant increase in the number of new clients attending the clinic who were younger and less likely to report using condoms, substantial increases in the number of investigations ordered for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and an increase in the detection of genital herpes and chlamydia. There are a number of possible explanations for these changes other than the change to clinic operation but these are less likely causes for the observed changes. Our findings should complement the other reasons to adopt a WITS system, such as improving access for those most in need and vital to reach if STI rates are to fall.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Dec
PMID:Effects of a change from an appointment service to a walk-in triage service at a sexual health centre. 1467 84


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