Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between circumcision and sexually transmissible disease was studied in 1350 men who attended the Public Health Department Special Treatment Clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Evidence of circumcision was obtained by examination. More than 98% of the men studied gave a verbal report of their circumcision status which was consistent with the examination findings. Eight hundred and forty-eight men had STD; 471 men, who presented to the clinic for diagnosis and treatment but who were found not to have STD, constituted the control group. The results of the study show significant associations between the state of being uncircumcised and four major sexually transmissible diseases--herpes genitalis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea and syphilis. Estimates of the relative risk suggest that uncircumcised men are twice as likely as circumcised men to develop herpes genitalis or gonorrhoea, and five times as likely to develop candidiasis or syphilis. However, the data for syphilis should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of cases. No significant increase in risk was found for any of the other sexually transmissible diseases diagnosed at the clinic.
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PMID:Circumcision and sexually transmissible disease. 668 50

A study of diagnostic patterns in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in England and Wales during 1978 showed that homosexuals contributed 10% of all male cases but 15% of gonococcal infections. In heterosexual and homosexual men only 6% of disease episodes included more than one positive diagnosis compared with 16% in women. One or more diseases occurred concurrently in over 30% of cases of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, genital herpes, and genital warts in women. Men with multiple episodes of disease contributed a disproportionate number of gonococcal infections but were less likely to have candidosis or genital herpes than patients with only one disease episode. Thus, counting cases treated appears to be an inadequate way of measuring the problems caused by STDS. To enable more rapid identification of the diseases which are the most difficult to control, STD statistics should include the sexual orientation of male patients and differentiate between genuine "new" attenders at clinics and those previously seen.
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PMID:Study of STD clinic attenders in England and Wales, 1978. 2. Patterns of diagnosis. 689 42

This paper describes the establishment of Genito-Urinary Medicine outreach clinics based in 2 drop-in centres for female prostitutes in Edinburgh; 242 women have received medical care at these outreach clinics. STD screening has been carried out on 160 (63%), detecting one case of gonorrhoea, 11 cases of chlamydia, 11 cases of genital warts, and 2 cases of recurrent genital herpes. With regards to HIV serostatus, 8 women were already known to be HIV seropositive and 18 were known to be seronegative. One hundred and fifteen women have been tested at the outreach clinics, yielding one positive result. The serostatus of 91 women is unknown. There have been 42 pregnancies, some of which were conceived through client contact. The prevalence of STDs including HIV is low and would suggest that condom usage is high. However, this level of usage is associated with significant numbers of unwanted pregnancies. Prostitutes in Edinburgh do not appear to act as a significant focus for dissemination of HIV infection.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Outreach STD clinics for prostitutes in Edinburgh. 764 23

This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of the viral types and temporal epidemiology in patients with ano-genital herpes between 1983-92. One thousand one hundred and thirty-five patients with anogenital herpes were available for analysis. The annual incidence of anogenital herpes nearly tripled over the period of 7 years (1986-92) from 59 to 171 cases. The percentage of HSV-1 infection in female cases (63-79%) was much higher than in other reported studies and remained relatively constant over the study period.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:High prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 in female anogenital herpes simplex in Newcastle upon Tyne 1983-92. 777 30

Syphilis became a problem at the beginning of the eighteenth century when a virulent microbe was brought to Norway. This new disease was called "radesyken", a Nordic name for "the wicked disease". "Rade" hospitals were built and this was the beginning of the Norwegian hospital system. Professor Caesar Boeck refused to use mercury in the treatment of syphilis; 2000 of his patients were included in the Oslo study of untreated syphilis. With the use of penicillin and other antibiotics, syphilis and gonorrhoea decreased. More frequent now are the viral diseases, herpes genitalis and condylomata acuminata. HIV is seldom found in the STD clinic in Oslo: only 5-6 HIV-positive persons per year; that is, about 0.09% of all new patients.
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PMID:The history of venereology in Norway. 803 89

A retrospective study of 55 HIV-1 seropositive African patients living in the UK, seen between January 1986 and November 1993, showed a total of 26 (47%) patients with AIDS. Thirty-one (56%) had symptomatic HIV disease at the time of presentation of whom 19 (34.5%) had an AIDS defining condition. Tuberculosis was the most common AIDS defining illness, accounting for 27% of all initial AIDS diagnoses, followed by by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and oesophageal candidiasis in 19% each and chronic mucocutaneous genital herpes in 15%. The mean CD4 count at the time of the first AIDS defining event was 91 x 10/mm3 (range 4-320 x 10/mm3). The profile of AIDS defining illnesses was different to published data of homosexual men and injecting drug users in the UK. This has practical implications when considering differential diagnoses and screening as well as prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in this group of patients.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:AIDS defining conditions in Africans resident in the United Kingdom. 865 11

A significant decrease in the incidence of most STDs has been reported in Norway during the last decade, especially the last 5 years. Today, syphilis, hepatitis B and gonorrhoea are almost non-existent with incidence rates (IR) of 1.1, 0.9 and 4.4 per 100,000 respectively. The frequency of genital herpes, however, has remained unchanged (IR = 45), while chlamydial infection has shown a decrease of 13% during the last year (IR women = 240). The Chlamydia epidemic became evident in the early 1980-ies and since then has represented the major threat to the reproductive condition in young women resulting in PID, tubal occlusions and ectopic pregnancies. In Norway a preoperative screening program in connection with the performance of abortions was introduced 8-9 years ago. Since then a gradual decrease in the frequency of chlamydial positivity has been notified. At our hospital a reduction of 75% (from 11.7% to 3.1%) in the prevalence of C. trachomatis has been observed in women seeking abortion. The decrease is evident is all age groups, but predominantly in those below 25 years. At the same time the frequency of PID has decreased by 80%, while so far only a slight reduction in the frequency of ectopic pregnancies has been observed. Public and professional awareness, together with an increased prescription of anti-chlamydial drugs to women with genital infections may have contributed to this decrease. Partner tracing is not satisfactory, being performed in only one out of 5 cases. A new act for the prevention of communicable diseases will be introduced next year. This act will make partner notification mandatory and STD treatment free of charge. In Norway, 350,000 chlamydial tests (8 per 100 inhabitants) are performed per year, 39% in women < 25 years. Even today the age-specific prevalence of these women are so high that Chlamydia screening is cost-effective.
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PMID:[Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The norwegian experience]. 868 4

In a questionnaire survey of the management and treatment of genital herpes in the community by general practitioners (GPs) in 16 UK cities considered to have good access to genitourinary services, the mean number of cases seen per GP in the previous 12 months was 1.37 for first episodes and 0.96 cases for recurrent episode genital herpes. First episode genital herpes was regularly managed solely in the community by 21% of responding GPs, while 45% of those referring directly to the genitourinary medicine clinic initiated treatment prior to referral; the vast majority prescribing acyclovir. Overall, three-quarters of GPs prescribed oral acyclovir for first episode genital herpes. Recurrent genital herpes was regularly treated solely in the community by 47% of responding GPs, while 53% of those referring directly to the genitourinary medicine clinic initiated treatment prior to referral. There was almost equal usage between acyclovir cream and tablets in the treatment of recurrent infections.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Survey of the management of genital herpes in general practice. 879 84

A frequent component of the management of patients with genital herpes concerns the possibility of asymptomatic shedding and potential sexual transmission of the virus. Approaches intended to provide supportive counselling and reassurance of patients about these issues need now to be modified in the light of increasing data of the frequency of asymptomatic detection of virus and the effects of antiviral therapy on this phenomenon. Further studies to delineate the relationship between asymptomatic detection of HSV in the genital tract and the mechanism of sexual transmission of this virus need to be conducted before clinicians instigate antiviral suppressive treatment primarily to prevent sexual transmission of HSV. However, it is important that the new data and our greater understanding of the natural history of genital herpes is translated into accurate and comprehensible information for our patients.
Int J STD AIDS 1996 Jul
PMID:Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus from the genital tract: uncertainty and its consequences for patient management. The Herpes Simplex Virus Advisory Panel. 887 51

This article explores the problems of risky sexual behavior by examining the ways people verbally negotiate sexual interaction regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Based on in-depth interviews with 124 adults (ages 21-63) who are infected with genital herpes, the article shows that knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases is not necessarily related to the action needed for their prevention. People are more afraid of being rejected by a partner than they are of contracting an STD (except, of course, AIDS). By examining difficulties people have with sexual health discourse and showing how these difficulties are related to both the problem of communicating politeness and the problem of representing the self and the sexual other, this article demonstrates that STD prevention programs overlook a very important emotional and communicative issue: the lack of a culturally sanctioned language with which to discuss sexual health with partners.
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PMID:Verbal intercourse and sexual communication: impediments to STD prevention. 913 71


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