Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sera of all 2186 male blood donors presenting to the blood bank of the Gondar College of Medical Sciences, a regional hospital in Northwest Ethiopia, during 1994-95 were screened for HIV-1 and treponemal antibodies; in addition, a subset of 549 donors from 1995 was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In 1994, 12% of blood donors were HIV-positive and 13.1% had treponemal antibodies. Seroprevalence rates in 1995 were 16.7% for HIV, 12.8% for syphilis, and 14.4% for HBsAg. HIV and syphilis seroprevalence rates were highest among soldiers (30.6% and 20.9%, respectively) and daily workers (18.8% and 13.5%, respectively) and lowest among farmers (8.0% and 6.7%, respectively). In contrast, the highest rate of HBsAg was found among farmers (18.8%). HIV-infected donors were significantly more likely than HIV-negative donors to be positive for syphilis as well (odds ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.69-4.96), but there was no such pattern for HBsAg (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.67). The increasing rate of HIV infection observed in the different occupational groups indicates that the HIV epidemic has not yet reached a plateau in Ethiopia. Moreover, the finding that HBsAg is not associated with HIV infection suggests that, in Ethiopia, hepatitis B has a different set of risk factors than have sexually transmitted diseases.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Apr
PMID:Infection with HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in Ethiopia: a survey in blood donors. 914 61

To identify the prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among rural prehospital providers, a prospective descriptive study was conducted of a rural county emergency medical services (EMS) system. Participants included 107 prehospital care providers: 102 EMT-Bs, 1 paramedic, and 4 law enforcement first responders. Blood samples taken from prehospital care providers were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), and antibody to hepatitis C (anti-HC). The 107 providers had a total of 635 years of EMS experience (5.93 years per subject). Three providers (3%) had received previous blood transfusions, 7 (7%) had worked in a metropolitan area, and 6 (6%) had multiple sexual partners prior to the study. No provider reported intravenous drug use or known homosexual or bisexual contact. Only one sample tested positive for hepatitis C antibody (anti-HC) and hepatitis surface antibody (HBsAb). Rural prehospital care personnel have a low prevalence (0.9%) of exposure to hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Despite this fact, continued vigilance should be maintained in preventing transmission of bloodborne illnesses.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among rural emergency medical care personnel. 914 78

The immune system of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in a state of chronic activation; however, the nature of HIV-related immune activation is unknown. As normal T-cell activation involves early tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the T-cell antigen receptor-associated src-family protein tyrosine kinase p59(fyn(T)) (Fyn), we examined a potential role for this kinase in HIV-related immune dysfunction. We determined the relative specific kinase activity of Fyn in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 normal control individuals tested negative for HIV-1 and -2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis; 14 asymptomatic HIV-infected patients having near-normal CD4+ T-cell counts (350 to 980 CD4+ cells/microL); 4 patients with symptomatic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (<30 CD4+ cells/microL); 13 patients having chronic infection with HBV (6 patients) or HCV (7 patients); and 6 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). All patients with asymptomatic HIV disease were shown to have a profound increase (mean increase of 19-fold; range threefold to 56-fold increase; p = 1.33 x 10(-9)) in the relative specific kinase activity of Fyn compared to uninfected controls or patients with hepatitis or SLE. In contrast, patients with AIDS had an Fyn-specific kinase activity that was much less affected (mean increase of threefold; range onefold to sevenfold increase; p = 1.30 x 10(-5)). It was further shown that HIV infection affects the Fyn-specific kinase activity in CD8+-enriched cells, suggesting abnormal Fyn activity in both CD8+ as well as CD4+ T lymphocytes. Initial results implicate a role for the CSK protein tyrosine kinase as responsible for the abnormal Fyn kinase activity observed in HIV-infected patients. These data indicate early and chronic activation of Fyn as a unique HIV-related effect that has the potential to be diagnostic for early HIV infection and/or may serve as a prognostic indicator for advancement to full-blown AIDS. More importantly, sustained activation of the protein tyrosine kinase associated with T-cell antigen receptor function may result in, or contribute to, the immunopathogenic effects associated with HIV infection.
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PMID:Increased enzymatic activity of the T-cell antigen receptor-associated fyn protein tyrosine kinase in asymptomatic patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 934 44

A serologic study of 230 female and 43 male-to-female transsexual Greek prostitutes from the Greater Athens area failed to confirm an association between hepatitis infection and active syphilis. Study participants were recruited at presentation to the Ministry of Health venereal diseases clinic for periodic medical examination. Rapid plasma reagin and treponemal tests indicated 4.3% of female prostitutes and 20.9% of transsexuals had active syphilis infection. The rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus were 50.4% and 3.9%, respectively, among female prostitutes and 65.1% and 4.7%, respectively, among transsexuals. Stratified analysis failed to detect any significant association between syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen carriership, and exposure to hepatitis B or C infection within the two groups of sex workers. In addition, there was no significant association between syphilis, age of the sex worker, and years of legalized prostitution. It appears that, in these two populations, a syphilis diagnosis leads to intensive self-protective prevention measures against other sexually transmitted infections.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Nov
PMID:Infection by hepatitis B and C virus in female and transsexual Greek prostitutes with serological evidence of active syphilis. 936 44

Between April and June 1993, 8 cases of acute clinical hepatitis B infection and 2 seroconversions to HIV infection were detected among drug injecting inmates of HM Prison Glenochil in Scotland. To prevent the further spread of infection, an initiative which involved counselling and voluntary attributable HIV testing was conducted over a 10-day period commencing at the end of June. A team of 18 counsellors and phlebotomists was brought together rapidly as part of a unique organizational exercise in the field of public health. Fourteen cases of HIV infection were identified of which 13 were almost certainly infected in Glenochil. Following the exercise, a range of harm reduction measures for injecting prisoners was introduced; these included the availability of hepatitis B vaccine, provision of bleach tablets which could be used to clean injecting equipment, a methadone detoxification programme, increased training for prison officers and improved access to drug and harm minimization counselling for inmates. By mid-1996 all these measures had been sustained and several could be found in many other prisons throughout Scotland. Follow-up investigations showed no evidence of epidemic spread of HIV during the 12 months after the initiative. While the frequency of injecting and needle/syringe sharing may have decreased over the last 3 years, these activities are still being reported and it is highly likely that transmissions of bloodborne infections, in particular hepatitis C, continue to occur. The surveillance and prevention of infections associated with injecting drug use in the prison setting remain a high public health priority.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jan
PMID:A lasting public health response to an outbreak of HIV infection in a Scottish prison? 951 11

Findings are presented from a seroprevalence survey of HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, and chlamydia conducted in Franceville, Gabon, during 2 days in January 1996, in a representative sample of the sexually active general population aged 14-55 years. 456 usable sera were collected from 457 individuals recruited in 20 clusters of 25 people each. Franceville is a city of approximately 30,000 inhabitants. 2% were infected with HIV-1, 13.8% with hepatitis B, 8.6% with Treponema pallidum, and 59.6% with Chlamydia trachomatis. The seroprevalences of hepatitis B and chlamydia were stable over time and similar to those reported in other central African countries. However, the seroprevalence of T. pallidum is quite low relative to those other countries and appears to be decreasing. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 is also low, but twice the level observed in 1988.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jan
PMID:Seroprevalence of four sexually transmitted diseases in a semi-urban population of Gabon. 951 12

To obtain baseline biologic and behavioral data on HIV risk practices among injecting drug users in India, 126 current drug users were recruited from the streets of Calcutta in 1996. 103 study participants (82%) reported injecting drugs in the preceding 6 months. Among current injectors, the median duration of drug use was 13 years and that of injecting drug use was 5 years. 90 current injectors (88%) had shared injection equipment at last use, most often with 3 other men. Although 89 (86%) of current injecting drug users perceived the sharing of syringe and needle works as dangerous, only 11% cited the danger of HIV infection. 74% reported sex with commercial sex workers and 15% had engaged in homosexual encounters; condom use was negligible, however. Serologic testing revealed a 1% prevalence of HIV, a 4% reactivity to a test for syphilis, and a 19% rate of hepatitis B. Abscess, present in 52 drug users (51%), could serve as a marker of morbidity among injecting drug users in Calcutta. Recommended, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in this population, are a needle-syringe exchange program and interventions highlighting safer sex practices.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Apr
PMID:HIV, hepatitis B and sexual practices in the street-recruited injecting drug users of Calcutta: risk perception versus observed risks. 959 48

Data have been lacking on the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B (HB) infections in the North American Indian population in Canada. In January 1992, surveillance was introduced into two residential First Nations alcohol and drug treatment centers in British Columbia as part of an AIDS/STD education program. Male and female clients were given the option of participating and submitting serum for testing of HIV, HBsAg, and anti-HBc. As of December 31, 1995, 1,165 Native persons had been tested. There were four positive HIV results--two males and two females--a rate of 3.5/1,000. This compares with an expected rate of 4/1,000 for a British Columbia population not selected for specific risk factors. Similarly, the rate of HB carriage is low at 0.3%, compared to a provincial population rate of 0.5%. Evidence of past hepatitis B infection is 11.3%, double the rate of a British Columbia blood donor population. This study is ongoing.
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PMID:HIV and hepatitis B surveillance in First Nations alcohol and drug treatment centers in British Columbia, Canada. 1009 90

In the presence of the low spread of HIV infection a sharp increase in sexually transmitted diseases is noted. Nevertheless, taking into account a rise in STD, the reality of the potential risk of the spread of HIV is emphasized. Thus, in 1996 morbidity is syphilis was found to grow 7.2 times in comparison with 1992, amounting to 37.5 cases per 100,000 of the population; morbidity in gonorrhea amounted to 32.4 cases per 100,000 of the population with the proportion coming to medical institutions not exceeding 30%. A high proportion of hepatitis B virus carriers was also established (from 15% to 30% of healthy persons), while morbidity in virus hepatitides rose twofold for the period of 1994-1995. During recent years the service for the prophylaxis of AIDS was noted to considerably decrease measures on mass screening. At the same time the article attracts attention to the necessity of increasing the work on the dissemination of information and education on HIV/AIDS drug among addicts, prostitutes and homosexuals. The Draft National Program of the Prophylaxis of HIV infection and STD for 1998-2002 has been worked out. Great importance of methodological and financial assistance rendered since 1994 by international organizations, including WHO, UNFPA, etc., have been emphasized.
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PMID:[The epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in Turkmenistan]. 1009 88

The authors investigated the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, and history of STDs among female prostitutes in Mexico City. During 1993, 757 female prostitutes aged 18-76 years, of mean age 28.5 years, from a random selection of prostitution sites provided blood samples and answered a standardized questionnaire. The presence of HSV-2 antibodies was identified through Western blot assay, using type-specific recombinant glycoprotein gG2. Overall seroprevalences for the study population were 65.1%, 0.6%, 3%, and 6.4% for HSV-2, HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis, respectively. There was no significant correlation between HIV and HSV-2 serological results, although all 5 HIV-seropositive women were HSV-2 seropositive. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of HSV-2 antibodies was correlated with relatively higher age and longer time working as prostitutes, low education, prostitution at a street site, and positive serology for syphilis.
Int J STD AIDS 1999 Feb
PMID:Risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among female commercial sex workers in Mexico City. 1021 15


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