Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of eukaryotic viral and cellular proteins possesses an NH2-terminal N-myristoylglycine residue important for their biological functions. Recent studies of the primary structural requirements for peptide substrates of the enzyme responsible for this modification in yeast demonstrated that residues 1, 2, and 5 play a critical role in enzyme: ligand interactions (Towler, D. A., Adams, S. P., Eubanks, S. R., Towery, D. S., Jackson-Machelski, E., Glaser, L., and Gordon J. I. (1987b) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 2708-2812). This was determined by examining as substrates a series of synthetic peptides whose sequences were systematically altered from a "parental" peptide derived from the known N-myristoylprotein bovine heart cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A kinase) catalytic subunit. We have now extended these studies in order to examine structure/activity relationships in the COOH-terminal regions of octapeptide substrates of yeast N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). The interaction between yeast NMT and the side chain of residue 5 in peptide ligands is apparently sterically constrained, since Thr5 is unable to promote the very high affinity binding observed with a Ser5 substitution. A substrate hexapeptide core has been defined which contains much of the information necessary for recognition by this lower eukaryotic NMT. Addition of COOH-terminal basic residues to this hexapeptide enhances peptide binding, while COOH-terminal acidic residues destabilize NMT: ligand interactions. Based on the results obtained from our in vitro studies of over 80 synthetic peptides and yeast NMT, we have identified a number of potential N-myristoylproteins from searches of available protein databases. These include hepatitis B virus pre-S1, human SYN-kinase, rodent Gi alpha, and bovine transducin-alpha. Peptides corresponding to the NH2-terminal sequences of these proteins and several known N-myristoylproteins were assayed using yeast NMT as well as partially purified rat liver NMT. While a number of the synthetic peptides exhibited similar catalytic properties with the yeast and mammalian enzymes, surprisingly, the SYN-kinase, Gi alpha, and transducin-alpha peptides were N-myristoylated by rat NMT but not by yeast NMT. This suggests that either multiple NMT activities exist in rat liver or the yeast and rodent enzymes have similar but distinct peptide substrate specificities.
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PMID:Myristoyl CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase activities from rat liver and yeast possess overlapping yet distinct peptide substrate specificities. 312 78

Sera from 260 men from Denmark and elsewhere attending two Copenhagen sauna clubs for homosexual men during nine months of 1982-1983 were investigated for markers for syphilis, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Five per cent (12 men) had active syphilis, and another 35% (92) had a history of and/or serologic markers for syphilis. Ninety-four men (36%) were positive for antibodies to hepatitis A virus, ten (4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 153 (59%) were positive for antibodies to HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV were found in 45 (20%) of the 220 men investigated for this marker. Markers for hepatitis A and B and for syphilis were more frequent in the HIV antibody-positive individuals, but the association was significant only for markers for hepatitis B (relative risk = 2.0). Thus STD markers had little predictive value for seropositivity for antibodies to HIV. Among 37 men investigated more than once, a seroconversion rate of 3% per month for antibodies to HIV was found, but this estimate must be taken with reservation. The rate of seropositivity for antibodies to HIV among men from Denmark was 23%, and three (8%) of the 40 HIV-positive Danish men developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during the four years following the initial investigation. This study shows that by 1982-1983 HIV had spread considerably in the Danish high-risk group, although there were only seven reported cases of AIDS in the country at that time.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases, antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, and subsequent development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Visitors of homosexual sauna clubs in Copenhagen: 1982-1983. 335 36

A seroepidemiological study was performed on HTLV-III, T. pallidum, C. trachomatis and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), in Butare, Rwanda, among 33 female prostitutes, 25 male customers of prostitutes, and 60 male and female controls. As compared with female controls the prostitutes had a higher prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-III (29/33 versus 4/33, p less than 0.001), T. pallidum (TPHA: 27/33 versus 6/33, p less than 0.001; RPR: 19/33 versus 2/33, p less than 0.001; FTA-Abs: 27/33 versus 5/33, p less than 0.001) and C. trachomatis (IgG IF: 31/33 versus 13/33, p less than 0.001). HBV serological markers were more often detected in the prostitutes than in the female controls (31/33 versus 18/33, p less than 0.001) although HBs antigen carriage rate was similar in both groups. As compared with male controls, the male customers of prostitutes had more frequently detectable antibodies to HTLV-III (7/25 versus 2/27, p = 0.05), and a positive RPR (10/25 versus 1/27, p less than 0.01). Among the 118 individuals studied, odds ratios and trend analysis disclosed a significant association between HTLV-III seropositivity and a positive TPHA, RPR, FTA-Abs, Chlamydia IgG IF test and serological markers to HBV. No association was found between HTLV-III seropositivity and HBs Ag carriage. This study suggests that HTLV-III has to be considered as an infectious agent transmitted among promiscuous Central African heterosexuals by sexual contact and/or parenteral contact with unsterile needles used for STD treatments.
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PMID:Seroepidemiological study on sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B in African promiscuous heterosexuals in relation to HTLV-III infection. 355 10

In a homosexual communication centre in Antwerp 196 homosexual men were screened for seromarkers of syphilis, hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). A comparison group consisted of 118 heterosexual men attending a venereal disease clinic in Antwerp. Treponemal antibodies were found in 7.1% of homosexual men, of whom half gave no history of past or present infection. Anti HAV was present in 43.3%, HBV seromarkers in 34.4%, and CMV antibodies in 71.2% of homosexual men. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in eight homosexual men, but not in the heterosexual control group. Prevalence rates of infections other than HAV were significantly higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual men. Answers to a questionnaire were used to evaluate risk factors for different diseases, which were: duration of active homosexuality for all infections, promiscuity (greater than or equal to 10 partners in the past six months) for syphilis and hepatitis B, and anal intercourse for hepatitis B. Visiting saunas and travelling for sexual contacts also indicated a higher risk for STD, but were an indirect expression of promiscuity.
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PMID:Syphilis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men in Antwerp. 632 Sep 48

Sixty-five medical personnel thought to be exposed to hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBs) positive material by accidental needle stick were treated with 4 ml hepatitis B-immunoglobulin (SRK, Swiss Red Cross). The prophylaxis was started as soon as possible, mostly within an hour or two. 56 patients were followed up with clinical and serological tests at monthly intervals for 9 months. In individuals exposed to HBs-antigen negative material, signs of HBV-infection could be detected only in one. In 36 cases potentially infectious material proved to be HBs-Ag positive. Six of the medical personnel (16.7%) had signs of hepatitis B-virus infection. One individual (2.8%) developed clinical hepatitis type B. Three (8.3%) converted to active hepatitis B markers (anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc) without clinical symptoms. Two of four who already had anti-HBs before exposure developed antibodies to HBc afresh at three- and six-month intervals. These serological conversions and the one case of clinical hepatitis developed despite the fact that HB-Ig was given in nearly all cases within one hour of exposure. The incubation period was 5-8 months. It is concluded that even rapid prophylaxis with HB-Ig after needle stick exposure does not afford 100% protection. It is urged that any passive prophylaxis with HB-Ig in exposed personnel should be complemented by active hepatitis B immunization.
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PMID:[Can prevention of hepatitis B following exposure to hepatitis virus be improved by immediate administration of HB immune serum?]. 687 37

Reporting of hepatitis B is not compulsory in France, but it is estimated that 8500-9000 acute cases and 100,000 hepatitis B infections occur every year. Seroprevalence studies have been carried out in selected populations. Every blood donation is screened for HBsAg, alanine aminotransferase elevation and anti-HBc antibody. Prevalence of HBsAg has declined from 13.9 positive donations in 1986 per 10,000 to 5.3 in 1991. In pregnant women, overall seroprevalence is estimated at 0.8-1%, which represents more than 5000 children born each year to carrier mothers. Screening of HBsAg for all women when six months pregnant is now compulsory. Heterosexual patients at STD clinics were shown to have a very high risk of being infected with hepatitis B virus, with a chronic carrier rate of 4-5%. In hospital employees before the introduction of vaccination, the overall incidence of hepatitis B was 100-300 acute cases per 100,000 employees per year. Risk varied according to exposure to blood; the highest incidence was found in nurses in dialysis wards. Vaccination against hepatitis B is now compulsory for all hospital and laboratory workers and medical and paramedical students. In preventive medicine consultants, routine medical check-up showed an overall HBV prevalence of 2.2% and a carrier rate of 0.3% in men and 0.1% in women. Immunization of all newborns and adolescents has recently been adopted in France, vaccination at school of adolescents aged 10-11 years being the main target.
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PMID:Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B in France. 757 22

The prevalence of HBV-markers in our patients in STD high-risk groups was markedly higher than the average in Vienna. 19% of the registered prostitutes, 44% of the illegal prostitutes, 29% of the bar hostesses and 39% of the STD patients were found to be positive in at least one HBV marker. I.v. drug abuse. African origin and irregular condom use were the most important risk factors in our patients. The hepatitis B vaccination campaign was successful to a high degree. 69% of the registered prostitutes and 85% of the regularly examined bar hostesses accepted the vaccination. Promotion programmes should focus on institutions caring for STD risk persons rather than on the persons themselves.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B in persons at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Screening and vaccination campaign--acceptance and results]. 784 75

This article will review the 1993 STD Treatment Guidelines of particular importance to dermatologic clinical practice. Topics include STD/HIV prevention, management of sexual partners, STD in persons with HIV co-infection, genital ulcer disease (GUD) including syphilis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and chancroid, therapy of nongonococcal (NGU) and chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis, gonococcal (GC) infections, HPV infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, pediculosis pubis, and scabies.
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PMID:The 1993 sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines. 784 21

International travels are increasingly frequent. Beside malaria prophylaxis, the general practitioner will review several vaccinations.e Tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccines should be administered once every ten years. It will often be useful to give a protection against hepatitis A, and less often, against typhoid fever. The yellow fever vaccine, which may be required or recommended to visit several African and South American countries, is injected only by officially recognised centres. For some travels, vaccination against hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis or, rarely, against rabies may be considered. The vaccine against cholera will never be administered, due to its lack of efficacy and high frequency of side effects. Travellers diarrhoea will be discussed, and a "pocket" treatment prescribed. Finally, general information will be provided, including those on STD.
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PMID:[Vaccinations and useful advice for travelers]. 793 82

Since January 1985 James Pringle House, the genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic at London's Middlesex Hospital, has built up an extensive computerized patient database. Yearly statistics relating to 1) individual patients, 2) diagnoses, 3) attendances, and 4) an activity estimator (combining features of attendances and their corresponding diagnoses) are extracted. Each is assessed as a potential tool for quantifying the rising workload associated with the clinic's increased staffing levels and expanded services. Only the activity estimator identifies an upward trend, rising 26.3% from 1985-86 to 1991-92, caused largely by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B related attendances. This activity estimator could provide the basis for a workload reporting facility on all GUM computer systems. The 4 statistics exhibit other useful information, including a 21.0% rate of non-attendance (a substantial hidden addition to workload) and a strong allegiance to the clinic from patients residing outside of the local Health Authority region.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Assessing statistics for the measurement of workload at a genitourinary medicine clinic. 821 13


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