Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Registered Prostitutes are seen weekly for medical examination in the STD-Clinic of the Public Health Office Vienna. 1987 no syphilis was seen in this special riskgroup. The incidence of both gonorrhoe and chlamydial infection was. Chlamydias were found 1.6 times more, as gonococcal infections. There was no evidence of HIV infection. Screening for cervical neoplasia was started in reduced. 1988 and yielded a tenfold incidence of abnormal findings, requiring conisation often than compared to preventive checkups amoung the general female population.
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PMID:[The current examination protocol for prostitutes at a venereal disease counseling clinic, Vienna Public Health Service]. 252 78

From January through March of 1985, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 69 cases of gonococcal infections (61 cases of male gonococcal urethritis and 8 cases of female gonococcal cervicitis) at its facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of one shot therapy of Spectinomycin (SPCM) was investigated, and an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were made. The male patients were between 19 and 55 years old, with a peak age distribution in the younger half of the twenties. The female patients were between 18 and 40 years old. The major source of infections was a so-called special massage parlor which accounted for 36.1% of male cases. The isolation rate of PPNG were 16.7% (11/66). The MIC (inoculum size; 10(6) CFU/ml) of SPCM ranged from 3.13 to 25 micrograms/ml regardless of beta-lactamase production. In male patients, the eradication rate (efficacy rate) of N. gonorrhoeae by SPCM was 94.7% on the first day, 93.6% on the third day and 100% on the seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy. In female patients, the rate was 100% on the third and seventh day after 2 g one shot therapy, and 75% on the first day, 66.7% on third day and 100% on seventh day after 4 g one shot therapy. We considered that one shot therapy of SPCM was effective for gonococcal infection also in the present time. Especially SPCM was effective for infections by PPNG, since it was not resolved by beta-lactamase of N. gonorrhoeae. Positive rate of Chlamydia trachomatis was 16.3% in male gonococcal urethritis, and the serous discharge tended to remain longer in the positive patients than in the negative patients. There was only one side effect (1.4%), therefore SPCM was recognized to be a safely administrated antimicrobial agent.
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PMID:[Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on gonococcal infections--one shot therapy by spectinomycin--[Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD]]. 295 80

A total of 440 women under 28 weeks' gestation comprising 257 Fijians and 183 Indians attending the antenatal clinic at the Anderson Maternity Unit in Suva, Fiji, between November, 1985, and April, 1986, were selected for the study on their first visit. After an obstetric history was taken and a general physical examination performed, specimens for microbial studies were collected from the cervix and the posterior vaginal fornix. Blood was collected for serological tests for syphilis. Neisseria gonorrhea was identified on colonial morphology, Gram stain and oxidase reactivity. Specimens for Chlamydiazyme immunoassay test were stored at 40 C and tested within 5 days of collection. Tests for syphilis were performed using Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests. Results for chlamydia are available for only 244, as this was introduced midway in the study. All STD pathogens were isolated in significantly higher rates from Fijian compared to Indian women p 0.01). Chlamydia trachomatis was the most common agent, affecting 50% of Fijian women and 37.5% of Indian women. Candida albicans was the next most common pathogen in both groups, accounting for 40%. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 8.2% of both groups. N gonorrhea was isolated in 2.3% of the population studied. The average age of women with gonorrhea was 22 years, whereas the average age of the whole population studied was 26.1 years. They were also predominantly single or living in a consensual relationship. Group B beta hemolytic streptococci were identified in only 9 of the 440 women studied. Serological tests were interpreted to be positive for syphilis if both VDRL and TPHA were positive in the absence of a history of previous treatment for syphilis. The difference in infection rates of 14.2% for Fijians and 1.7% for Indians was highly significant (p 0.01).
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PMID:The prevalence of sexually transmitted disease agents in pregnant women in Suva. 312 3

During the clinical trials 8,861 patients have been treated with ciprofloxacin worldwide. 3,822 of the therapeutic courses were valid for analysis of efficacy according to FDA standards. The following dosages were usually administered: UTI: 100 to 500 mg twice daily orally or 100 mg twice daily intravenously; RTI: 250 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously; septicemia: 200 mg intravenously twice daily; gonorrhea: 250 to 500 mg single tablet orally; all other infections: 500 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously. Ciprofloxacin was administered to 762 courses of lower RTI, 88 courses of upper RTI, 108 courses of bacteremia, 766 courses of skin structure infection, 142 courses of bone and joint infections, 149 courses of intra-abdominal infections, 33 courses of gastrointestinal infections, 1,633 courses of UTI, 49 courses of pelvic infections, 279 courses of STD, mainly gonorrhea, and three courses of meningitis. The clinical response was resolution in 76%, improvement in 18% and failure in only 6%. Bacteriologic response by all sites evaluable: pathogens were eradicated from 74%, markedly reduced in 2%, persisted in 10%. Relapse occurred in 4% and reinfection was observed in another 6%. The overall response was favourable for 90% of the patients. Drug safety was established on a data base of 8,861 courses worldwide. The following side-effects according to COSTART terminology were observed: digestive 5%, metabolic nutritional 4.6%, central nervous 1.6%, skin 1.4%, hemic and lymphatic 1%, cardiovascular 0.4%, body as a whole 0.4%, urogenital 0.3%, special senses 0.3%, musculo-skeletal 0.1%, respiratory 0.08%. Several courses had more than one reaction. Thus the total incidence of side-effects for the treated patient population was 10.2%. Ciprofloxacin is a highly effective drug and a breakthrough in several areas of medical interest. It is relatively safe and side-effects are usually mild or moderate in intensity and transient.
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PMID:Worldwide clinical data on efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin. 328 11

From August of 1982 through February of 1983, the Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD treated 131 cases of male gonorrheal urethritis at its affiliated clinical facilities in Sapporo City. The therapeutic efficacy of AT-2266 was investigated, together with an epidemiological study on the cases and bacteriological studies on the isolated strains of gonococcus. In addition, a few cases of female gonorrheal cervicitis were treated, and the therapeutic results for 3 of these cases evaluated. AT-2266 was administered at a daily dosage of 600 mg in one dose to 14 patients, 2 doses to 10 patients and 3 doses to 98 patients. At the end of 3 days of this therapy, the gonococci had been eliminated in all of the cases, but there was variation in the status of disappearance of the secretion. The "excellent" efficacy rates for these three regimens were thus 7.7%, 50% and 57%, respectively. These results showed that administration of the total dosage in two or more divided doses maintained higher minimum concentrations of the antibiotic in the blood and the urine, and were thus more clinically beneficial than when the dosage was given as one daily dose. Of the patients who were treated with 600 mg/day of AT-2266 in 3 divided doses, 93 were evaluated for the therapeutic efficacy. At the end of 3 days 57.0% were "excellent" cases, 39.8% were "good" cases and 3.2% were "fair" cases, and at the end of 7 days of therapy, 67 patients were 74.6% "excellent" cases, 23.9% were "good" cases and 1.5% were "fair" cases. The clinical efficacy rate was thus quite high. Those cases in which the secretion and leukocytes had not disappeared from the urine even at the end of the 7 days of therapy were probably cases of mixed infection involving Chlamydia, etc. Eight of the 77 gonococcal isolates (10.4%) were beta-lactamase producers. The MIC of AT-2266 hardly differed with the size of the bacterial inoculum. With an inoculum of 10(6)CFU/ml, the MIC distribution showed two peaks, i.e., at 0.05-0.2 micrograms/ml and 3.16-12.5 micrograms/ml. Only 11.7% of the strains were found to have high MICs. The distribution of these high MICs was found to be unrelated to the ability to produce beta-lactamase. Mild side effects of AT-2266 were seen in 2 out of 128 patients. (1.6%), an extremely low incidence.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic and therapeutic studies on gonorrheal infections--use of AT-2266--Sapporo Clinical Research Group for STD]. 346 20

We stand on the threshold of a new era for the STDs. The traditional STDs remain serious public health problems, particularly in the developing world, but they pale by comparison with AIDS. We can expect that the number of most STDs will decrease as the "baby boom" generation ages. We may also witness a change in sexual behavior caused in part by the fear of contracting AIDS, genital herpes, and perhaps other STDs. The challenge for the future is to improve control of chlamydial and gonococcal infections to prevent late sequellae such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy; to give greater attention to behavior modification to prevent transmission of AIDS, HSV, and HPV; to improve control of STDs in developing countries; to develop vaccines for the viral STDs, which are most difficult to cure; and to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms by which STD agents interact with each other and their host to cause cancer.
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PMID:Epidemiology of the sexually transmitted diseases. 387 48

The diagnostic efficacy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using gonococcal pili 6650 as antigen was studied in asymptomatic women attending an STD clinic. Of the 182 women studied, gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 29%. The value of the ELISA was calculated on the basis of four arbitrary cut-off points in the test. The best predictive values for a positive result (PV(+)) were obtained at an absorbance value of A greater than or equal to 1.15 and A greater than or equal to 1.30 and that for a negative result at A greater than or equal to 0.85. When patients with a history of gonorrhoea were excluded, the PV(+) rose only at A greater than or equal to 1.15 (not at A greater than or equal to 1.30) and the PV(-) rose slightly. To be of use in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in asymptomatic patients the ELISA should be used as follows: the result is positive at A greater than or equal to 1.15 and negative at A less than 0.85, the PV(+) then being 0.52 and the PV(-) 0.85. Whenever sera give a result between A = 0.85 and A = 1.15, the test should be repeated.
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PMID:Antibodies to gonococcal pili in women with asymptomatic gonorrhoea. Diagnostic value of the ELISA for testing women attending an STD clinic. 613 26

287 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Dakar during a 26 months period (April 1981-May 1983) were sent to Pasteur Institute of Paris for auxotyping. They are distributed in (+): 56%, (PRO-): 21%, (ARG-): 13%, and nine minor auxotypes to the exclusion of (AHU-). Auxotypes distribution according to the sex, the kind of samples and the race do not give proof of significant difference. Monthly distribution shows an endemic circulation of auxotypes (+) and (PRO-), as well as an unstability of auxotype (ARG-) that was prevailing in early months. 22 strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (among which the first strains isolated in Senegal) belong to auxotypes (+), (PRO-) and (PRO-, ARG-). This distribution does not differ from that of non-producer strains. Gonococcal auxotyping provides an useful epidemiologic marker in order to search after the source of a contamination, to discern a failure of the treatment from a later infection and, on a wide plan, to survey the resistant strains spreading.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic approach to gonococcal infections in Senegal through the study of auxotypes]. 644 54

During World Wars 1 and 2, the leading single cause of absence from duty in the armed services was VD (venereal diseases). The discovery of penicillin however, made it possible to cure VD in a short time, and many in the medical community believed that it was much cheaper to treat the disease than to prevent it. There was little interest then in the prevention of VD, including prophylaxis, even though the effectiveness of prophylaxis in managing VD was demonstrated during the 2 world wars when major reductions in risk of VD infections through the use of prophylaxis were achieved. As rates of penicillin-resistant gonorrhea, and other problems such as infection and infertility increase, however, the medical community will certainly be concerned with promoting types of self-protection behavior, such as the use of condom and vaginal contraceptives, and changed patterns of sexual behavior. Various clinical trials show that vaginal contraceptives have varying degrees of spermicidal and bactericidal effectiveness against the spectrum of organisms causing STD (sexually transmissible diseases). VD control programs experience various problems with respect to contraception, prophylaxis, and other elements of behavior required to maintain health. Patient motivation is critical because without it, effective methods are essentially worthless. Motivating youths to have responsible self-protective prophylactic behavior such as use of condom/vaginal contraceptives would reduce risk of unplanned pregnancy and STD transmission. The use of the contraceptive-prophylactic approach in a VD control and family planning program appears to offer great potential for the patient.
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PMID:Venereal disease prevention. 689 73

A study of diagnostic patterns in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in England and Wales during 1978 showed that homosexuals contributed 10% of all male cases but 15% of gonococcal infections. In heterosexual and homosexual men only 6% of disease episodes included more than one positive diagnosis compared with 16% in women. One or more diseases occurred concurrently in over 30% of cases of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, genital herpes, and genital warts in women. Men with multiple episodes of disease contributed a disproportionate number of gonococcal infections but were less likely to have candidosis or genital herpes than patients with only one disease episode. Thus, counting cases treated appears to be an inadequate way of measuring the problems caused by STDS. To enable more rapid identification of the diseases which are the most difficult to control, STD statistics should include the sexual orientation of male patients and differentiate between genuine "new" attenders at clinics and those previously seen.
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PMID:Study of STD clinic attenders in England and Wales, 1978. 2. Patterns of diagnosis. 689 42


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