Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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The prevalence of urogenital infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis was examined in 100 non-pregnant women with cervicitis, and 100 healthy women, in San Salvador City, El Salvador. Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA test was used for the detection of chlamydial antigen in urethral and cervical specimens from all the women. Direct immunofluorescence was used for confirmative tests on the EIA positive and the negative gray zone samples. C. trachomatis antigen was detected in 28% of the women with cervicitis compared with 5% in the group of healthy women (P < 0.001). The cervicitis group were also screened for Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was isolated from 12% of them. One strain out of 12 was beta-lactamase producing (PPNG). Five per cent of the women with cervicitis had simultaneous C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in El Salvador. II. Gynaecology outpatients. 128 20

200 sera stored after collection in 1988-1990 in Maharashtra state, India, were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 with standard kits. The sera were from diverse groups including prostitutes, blood donors, STD patients, foreigners, and renal transplant patients. The tests were recombinant HIV-1 and HIV-2 EIA (Abbott), Vironostika HIV mixt (Organon Teknika, Holland) and Genie HIV-1/HIV-2 rapid EIA (Genetic Systems, USA). Those testing positive were confirmed by an immunoblot test capable of distinguishing HIV-2 from HIV-1, LiaTeK HIV-1+2 Line immunoassay (Organon Teknika, Holland). 128 sera were positive for HIV-1 by Western Blot, and 40 that were positive for ELISA but negative by Western Blot. There were 14 sera positive for HIV-2, and 14 positive for both HIV-1 and HIV-2. 14 sera that were originally indeterminate, now tested positive for HIV-2. It was recommended that all sera in Maharashtra state indeterminate for HIV-1 by Western Blot be re-tested for HIV-2.
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PMID:HIV-2 antibodies in serum samples from Maharashtra state. 147 22

One-hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women in labour (age range 15-46 years; median age 23) and 42 infants born to chlamydia-positive mothers (age range 5-15 days; median age 10) were investigated to estimate the prevalence and incidence, respectively, of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in San Salvador, El Salvador. Urethral and cervical samples were obtained from all women and conjunctival specimens were taken from both eyes of each child. The chlamydial antigen was detected with the commercial Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA kit. Direct immunofluorescence (DFA) (Syva MicroTrak) was used for confirmation. In the newborns both EIA and DFA tests on direct preparations from ocular smears were performed on all the samples. The prevalence of chlamydial infection in pregnant women was 44% (57/129). The incidence of chlamydial infection in neonates was 64% (27/42), and the majority of the infected children (56%) had conjunctivitis. Referring to individuals rather than specimens the sensitivity of EIA tests on conjunctival samples from the infants was low (37%) as compared with 91% on urethral and cervical specimens from the pregnant women.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Prevalence of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in El Salvador. I. Infection during pregnancy and perinatal transmission. 154 65

The prevalence of gonorrhea and urogenital chlamydia infection was investigated among female prostitutes in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Epidemiological data were recorded according to a standardized questionnaire. The median age of the prostitutes was 27 years old and median period of prostitution was 2-4 years. Most of the women (91%) has no other occupation besides prostitution and 57% of them had not even completed primary school. Among 233 cases when both gonococcal culture and chlamydial antigen detection with a commercial EIA kit were performed, the prevalence of gonorrhea was 25% (59) and that of chlamydial infection 31% (72). Both diseases were recorded in 9%. The women who had been prostitutes for 2 or more years had gonorrhea (p0.01) or chlamydial infection (p0.05) less frequently than those who had practiced prostitution for a shorter time period. Among 70 different gonococcal isolates from 241 prostitutes, 40 (57%) belonged to serogroup W II/III. Most (83%) of the W I isolates were beta-lactamase producing (PPNG) as were 42% of the W II/III isolates. All non-PPNG isolates except 1 had decreased susceptibility to benzylpenicillin (MIC or= o.125 mg/1) and all isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin. 4 of 5 isolates from the throat were PPNG and the 5th had a benzylpenicillin MIC of 0.5-2.0 mg/l.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Gonorrhoea and urogenital chlamydial infection in female prostitutes in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 190

First catch urine specimens from 312 male patients were examined for the presence of chlamydial antigen by an enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme). Positive results were repeated and confirmed using a blocking assay. In addition, urethral swabs were examined by cell culture for Chlamydia trachomatis. Discrepant results were further analysed by direct immunofluorescence (IF) of the spun urine deposit. Paired specimens were positive from 26 subjects, and negative from 276 subjects. Eight paired specimens were urethral culture positive, and urine EIA negative. Two specimens, urine EIA positive but urethral culture negative, were positive on direct IF. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive result, and predictive value of a negative result for urine EIA against cell culture and/or direct IF were 77.8%, 100%, 100% and 97.2% respectively.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme) with confirmatory test for the detection of chlamydial antigen in urine from men. 195 21

Two commercial test kits, Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA (PhEIA) and IDEIA Chlamydia Test, for the identification of Chlamydia trachomasis and McCoy cell culture were compared in urogenital specimens. The sediments of the transportation buffers of specimens with discordant results were investigated for elementary bodies (EB) with fluorescein-labelled antichlamydial antibodies. The prevalence of chlamydial infection among the men was 16% (48 of 293), 47 culture positive and one EB positive, and among the women 10% (10 of 97), 10 culture positive. In men, the sensitivity of PhEIA, IDEIA and culture was 71%, 40% and 98%, respectively. In women, irrespective of site, corresponding figures were 100%, 80% and 100%. The specificity and positive predictive values were 100% for both enzyme immunoassays in men and women. The low sensitivity of IDEIA could not be explained by the degree of infection as measured by the number of inclusion bodies in cell culture, the presence of antigen as measured by the number of EBs or the sampling order.
Int J STD AIDS 1990 May
PMID:Comparison of Pharmacia Chlamydia EIA, IDEIA and cell culture in the detection of urogenital chlamydial infection. 208 94

The sensitivity of the Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA-IgG) was compared with the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorbed (FTA-Abs) test as a marker for past syphilis in 28 HIV-infected and 31 HIV-negative patients with a past history of syphilis. The specificity of EIA-IgG was compared in 89 patients without a history of syphilis who were known to be HIV antibody positive with a control group of 89 patients who had tested HIV negative. In patients with a past history of syphilis each treponemal test (EIA-IgG, TPHA and FTA-Abs) gave a lower sensitivity (82%, 86%, 79%) in the HIV-positive group than in the HIV-negative group (97%) but the difference was significant only in the case of the FTA-Abs test (P < 0.05). In the HIV-positive patients 11% (3/28) were negative in all 3 treponemal tests while 25% (7/28) were negative in at least one treponemal test. In patients without a past history of syphilis the EIA-IgG antibody index in the HIV-positive group (0.436) was significantly higher than in the HIV-negative group (0.378): the specificity, however, was similar in the HIV-positive (100%) and HIV-negative group (99%). We conclude that the Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay is of similar specificity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients and is of similar sensitivity to the TPHA and FTA-Abs as a marker of past syphilis in HIV-infected patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Markers of past syphilis in HIV infection comparing Captia Syphilis G anti-treponemal IgG enzyme immunoassay with other treponemal antigen tests. 777 20

We developed an enzyme immunoassay (direct EIA; Enzygnost RSV[Ag]) for the direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens (NPS). The test procedure is the same as our recently described direct EIA for detection of influenza A and B virus antigens in NPS. For practical purposes it is of advantage to differentiate respiratory viruses on the same microtitration plate in the same run. The test shows no limitations by sample consistency, and results are obtained within 4 hr. In contrast to other test systems, sonification is not necessary. This is due to the sample buffer STD. We studied the influence of sample buffer STD on the stability of RSV (strain Long) antigen at different temperatures over a period of 7 days. PBS-BSA-buffer served as control. The treatment and storage of RSV (strain Long) with sample buffer STD at room temperature or at 4 degrees C showed no decrease of antigen detectability. The antigen is very stable in contrast to the storage of RSV (strain Long) in PBS-BSA buffer during the observation period of 7 days. Consequently, when NPS are stored in sample buffer STD, results of direct EIA are independent from the time of transport and temperature within 7 days. Thirty-eight NPS from infants with confirmed RSV infection were investigated. Confirmation was performed by virus isolation (n = 29) or with commercially available enzyme immunoassays or immunofluorescence test (n = 9). The direct EIA showed a specificity of 99.3% (n = 140) and a sensitivity of 95% (n = 38).
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PMID:Stability of respiratory syncytial virus antigen due to buffer treatment for direct detection in nasopharyngeal specimens with enzyme immunoassay. 842 73

Since the HIV p24 antigen appears a few weeks before the HIV antibody, researchers conducted a study to determine whether the HIV antigen test Abbott HIV AG-1 would identify recently HIV-infected female sex workers in Singapore whose infection might be missed if only HIV antibody tests were used. During April 1993-April 1994, blood samples were taken from 1000 female sex workers newly enrolled in the Department of STD (sexually transmitted disease) Control of Singapore General Hospital to test for the HIV p24 antigen. Results of the Abbott HIV AG-1 test were compared with 3 HIV antibody tests (Abbott recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 3rd generation enzyme immunoassay [EIA] test, the Fujirebio Serodia-HIV particle agglutination [PA] test, and the Diagnostic Biotechnology HIV Blot 2.2 Western blot [WB] test). All 3 HIV antibody tests found 25 female prostitutes to be HIV positive. The EIA and WB tests found 26 women to be HIV positive for a prevalence rate of 2.6%. Only 1 specimen tested positive for HIV antigen. This specimen also tested positive for HIV antibodies. There was no HIV antigen positive specimen that was HIV antibody negative or indeterminate. These findings show that the HIV antigen test did not improve the detection rate of HIV infection in these female sex workers, since there were no HIV antigen specimens that were HIV antibody negative or indeterminate.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen testing to detect HIV infection in female sex workers in Singapore. 884 83

Among 120 non-gonococcal male urethritis, 83 were found to be Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) positive by Chlamydiazyme with 2 to 5 times repeated urethral swab collection during pre-treatment period. Among 97 female partner of male CT urethritis, 76 were CT positive by the same repeated specimen collection from cervix. In the 83 male CT urethritis and the 76 female CT cervicitis, EIA reactive values by Chlamydiazyme and serum CT antibody titer by FA at the first visit were investigated. The EIA reactive values of cervicitis were lower than those of urethritis. There was no case of "CT negative at the first visit and positive at repeated detection" in male urethritis. 3 case of "CT negative at the first visit and CT positive at repeated detection" were experienced among females who were the partner of male CT urethritis. The sensitivity of Chlamydiazyme was found to be enough to decide presence or absence of CT by single specimen collection in male urethritis but not enough in female cervicitis. It could be assumed that by the improved sensitivity of CT detection, CT detection rate would be raised among female cervicitis but not in male urethritis. Positive rate CT serum antibody were 63.9% in male urethritis and 100% in female cervicitis. The clinical value of CT antibody detection might be not as detection method of CT infection in progress, but as non-invasive screening for CT infection up to the present, namely the risk factor of STD, especially in females in whom detection of CT is not complete.
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PMID:[Distribution of EIA reactive values and serum antibody titers of Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis and cervicitis at the first visit]. 885 Nov 99


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