Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We set out to determine the frequency and correlates of gay men's repeated unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners (UAI-C), defined as UAI-C reported at each of 3 annual interviews. By May 1997, 659 men had completed 3 annual interviews for the Sydney Men and Sexual Health (SMASH) cohort study. For the 3 6-month periods prior to each interview, 127 men reported UAI-C during one period only; 45 reported it during 2 periods; and 20 men reported it during all 3 periods. These 20 men who had repeated UAI-C were compared with 497 men who had anal intercourse with casual partners but did not report on all 3 occasions that they had UAI-C. Logistic regression revealed that repeated UAI-C was associated with HIV-positive status, more casual partners, less favourable attitudes toward condoms and greater recreational drug use. Few gay men have repeated UAI-C but those who do run greater risk of HIV transmission.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jun
PMID:Gay men who engage repeatedly in unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners: the Sydney Men and Sexual Health Study. 967 Dec 47

For a random sample of 4548 respondents to the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, item nonresponses were assessed by utilizing alternating least squares and optimal scaling. Of men who did not answer the question on number of lifetime partners, 61% were estimated to have had 10 or more partners, whereas 48% of female nonrespondents were estimated to have had no partners. Among the latter, the percentage of those with 10 or more partners was also elevated to the level almost twice that of respondents. However, the overall impact of the estimates on the distribution of lifetime partners was hardly noticeable due to the relatively small proportion of incomplete answers to this question. Those who did not respond to the question of number of lifetime partners were likely to be over 45 years, of lower social class, and poorer education in comparison with those who answered the question fully. A larger proportion of the former were of Asian extraction and non-Christian in comparison to the latter, particularly among women. Not providing a complete answer to the question on the number of lifetime partners was associated with the nonresponse rate in the range of 90% on the questions of STD clinic attendance and drug abuse. Heavy smoking was more prevalent among male nonrespondents in comparison to those who provided a full answer to the question on the number of lifetime partners.
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PMID:Estimation of the number of sexual partners for the nonrespondents to a large national survey. 1041 Jan 99

For a long time, the sexual behaviour of HIV-infected persons did not receive any serious attention for a variety of reasons. Initially, diagnosis of HIV-infection appeared to imply a death sentence. In this context, the sex life of those infected seemed a secondary issue making prevention focused on sexual behaviour hard to imagine. Furthermore, the conviction that stigmatisation should be avoided also precluded an interest in the sexual behaviour of HIV-infected persons. From an epidemiological perspective and in the context of the developments in the medical treatment of AIDS it is important to address the sexuality of HIV-infected people. The scarce research done until now shows that there are various ways in which an HIV-infection affects people's sexuality. It seems that the sexuality of HIV-infected people can be compromised by their infection, inducing various sexual problems. Research also shows that there are HIV-infected people who do engage in unprotected sex, just as there are HIV-negative people or people with unknown serostatus who do so. Studies into the determinants of unsafe sex in HIV-infected people suggest that to some extent the same determinants are operative as among people in general. These include intention and self-efficacy regarding safe sex. Recreational drug use also affects safe sex regardless of serostatus. However, safe sex as well as sex in general is different for seropositive persons than for people who are seronegative or have an unknown serostatus. Among seropositive people, sex is also related to dilemma's involving disclosing their serostatus to potential sex partners, and their motivation to protect their partners as well as themselves against surinfection and STD. Furthermore, having to cope with a serious disease induces negative mood states (particularly depression) and may compromise sexual functioning. Comprehensive prevention aimed at HIV infected persons should address these various issues and should be an integrated part of general HIV-prevention.
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PMID:HIV-positive people, risk and sexual behaviour. 1079 64

Despite the growing numbers of incarcerated women, there still remain few systematic analyses of their unique physical and mental health needs. A descriptive design was used in a convenience sample of 30 incarcerated female offenders in a rural detention center to investigate the complex health care needs of this population and formulate appropriate community-based nursing interventions. The participants received a detailed physical and mental health assessment, as well as screening for alcohol and drug abuse. Sixty-three percent of the women reported drug problems and 80% reported alcohol problems, while 84% reported physical or sexual abuse. Serious health problems were identified, including AIDS, STDs, and delirium tremens. Scores on the Global Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory showed that 70% percent of the women were in the clinical range for mental health problems. The scores on the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were negatively correlated with the Global Severity Index on the BSI (r = -.377, p = .04) which may indicate some protective effect of social support with regards to psychiatric distress. The data demonstrate a need to develop a brief objective mental health screening test for this specific population to identify psychiatric problems that require immediate attention during the incarceration period. The results also highlight incarceration as an excellent opportunity for the advanced practice nurse to initiate focused health care interventions and other strategies which can foster incarcerated women's re-entry into the community. More research is needed in this underserved group, particularly concerning issues of maternal incarceration, STD prevention, detoxification, psychiatric treatment, and sources of social support.
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PMID:Complex physical and mental health needs of rural incarcerated women. 1194 88

The Middle East Council of Churches (MECC), the ecumenical organization for most Christian churches in the region, has had a program on drug abuse since 1982. The Council's Unit of Education and Renewal holds meetings and workshops at the parish level, many focusing on drugs. Out of this work, a focus on AIDS also developed. In October 1992, a MECC-sponsored consultation was held in Cyprus, largely to discuss the link between drugs and HIV/AIDS. The conclusion was that Arab society needed to tackle the problem of AIDS before it was too late, particularly by addressing the underlying moral issues and strengthening family discipline to safeguard youth. Recommendations were made for further research into drug addiction and HIV/AIDS, more sensitive legislation to deal with these problems, greater cooperation, and greater objectivity in evaluating existing programs. Since the consultation, efforts have continued to strengthen the capacity of local health authorities to cope. Societies in the Middle East do not usually discuss openly topics defined as delicate or shameful. So, to initiate open discourse about drugs and HIV is, in itself, a significant achievement. The lead taken by MECC has had a liberating effect on parishes, which also now initiate programs on these sensitive topics.
AIDS STD Health Promot Exch 1996
PMID:Country watch: Middle East. 1229 36

The sexual behaviour, knowledge, attitude and practice for prevention and control measures against STD/HIV are discussed in this paper. In all 867 sex workers, belonging to different red light areas of Kolkata viz. Sonagachi 77.28% (670), Metiabruz 14.07% (122) and 8.65% (75) from Rampurgali, Khidderpore and Bow Bazar were studied. Majority of sex workers 74.28% (644) were under thirty years of age. Around 22.26% (193) were within 20 years and 5.85%(51) were above 40 years of age. Sex workers had more than one habit but commonest were betel nut chewing in 67.59%(586) and alcohol consumption either alone or with the clients in 61.1% (529). Drug abuse (IVD) was not agreed to by any of the sex workers. Around 78.09% (677) were in the trade for last ten years, and 21.91%(190) for more than ten years. The mean duration for which sex workers remain in the trade is 6.71 years. The average number of clients visiting them were 2.67 per sex workers per day. The commonest sexual practice was normal peno-vaginal in 94.1 % (823). Peno-oral sex is practiced by 32.5%(282) sex workers, of which 2.65 % (23) always, 2.31%(20) often and 27.0%(59) sometimes practiced it. Peno-rectal sex was practiced by 5.42% (47), with 2.31% (20) often and 3.11% (27) sometimes. Around 13.96% (121) sex workers participate in the group sex. The knowledge of STD/HIV infection was quite low, 49.48% (429) of CSWs had heard about STD/HIV/AIDS and around 49.6% (430) knew that STD/HIV could be prevented by condom use.
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PMID:A study of Hiv/STD infections amongst commercial sex workers in Kolkata (India). Part-II: sexual behaviour, knowledge and attitude towards STD/HIV infections. 1579 10

The close link between alcohol and other drug abuse and STD morbidity and the positive impact of AOD intervention services in reducing STD morbidity, led the New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS) and the New York City Bureau of STD Control (BSTDC) to assess the prevalence of AOD problems among STD clinic patients. Assessing problematic AOD involvement among STD patients was of interest to BSTDC for STD prevention and to OASAS, for new AOD case-finding and early intervention. During fall, 2000, 100 STD patients in each of the 7 full-time BSTDC clinics in New York City were solicited in clinic waiting rooms; eligible patients were screened individually and anonymously with a modified CAGE-A (mCA). The mCA asks 4 questions about problematic AOD use "ever" (i.e., "lifetime") and currently (i.e., "in the past 30 days) rather than "in the past 12 months" of the CAGE and uses two or more "Yes" answers as a "positive" screen. The mCA also asks for age, sex, ethnicity, prior AOD treatment, and interest in an AOD referral. Only 2 of 704 eligible patients refused mCA screening, n = 702. Sixty percent were male, 87.7% Black and/or Hispanic, and 69%, <or=35 years old. Of the sample screened, 30.5% were "positive" on the "ever" and 16.5%, on "the past 30 days," mCA questions. 13.2% reported prior AOD treatment, 1.4% were in AOD treatment or about to start, and <1% wanted an AOD referral. Eight of 10 STD patients currently in AOD treatment screened positive on the "ever" mCA questions. The AOD prevalence rates observed here were deemed high since: 1) CAGE (and CAGE-A) data on general hospital and emergency room admissions showed positive screening rates of only 5-14 % and 2) only an estimated 6-7% of adults in New York have received any formal intervention with an AOD problem, less than half the rate found for treatment alone with the STD patients in this study. The results support implementing AOD screening and intervention services in STD clinics since an estimated 11,000 patients annually would screen positive but now are undetected and untreated. As AOD intervention services also can reduce risky sexual behavior, providing them could expand STD prevention services significantly. Policy, funding, and evaluation issues related to implementing AOD intervention services in STD and other public health clinics also are discussed.
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PMID:Assessing alcohol and other drug problems (AOD) among sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients with a modified CAGE-A: implications for AOD intervention services and STD prevention. 1659 25

Where men have had access to successful treatment for HIV (highly active antiretroviral therapy), expectations of both patients and physicians alike have changed significantly over the past decade. Such men, living with HIV, expect to lead fully functional lives including a normal sex life. Sexual dysfunction is well described among men with HIV. We retrospectively analysed details of 190 consecutive men attending a dedicated sexual dysfunction service in our HIV unit over an 18-month period. We took note of the specifics of their HIV disease, illnesses other than HIV, as well as other risk factors associated with sexual dysfunction. Men with sexual dysfunction all commonly reported recreational drug use, hepatitis B and C co-infection, anxiety and depressive illnesses, peripheral neuropathy and lipodystrophy. There was a significant relationship between men complaining of retarded ejaculation and peripheral neuropathy. Sexual dysfunction in non-HIV settings is known to lead to poor adherence to prescribed medications, e.g. antihypertensive agents. Iatrogenic sexual dysfunction in patients may similarly have a potential to lead to poor antiretroviral compliance if not addressed.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Nov
PMID:Factors associated with sexual dysfunction in men with HIV infection. 1706 82

Commercial sex plays a critical role in the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China. This study reviews behavioral studies in English literature on female sex workers (FSWs) in China from 1990 to 2006. Existing studies indicate that FSWs in China are young, mobile, most of them have both commercial and non-commercial sex partners; they have low rates of consistent condom use and high rates of STD infection. Some FSWs are also engaged in drug abuse. There is a great variation of sexual practices and HIV risks among FSWs across different work settings. Limited numbers of intervention studies have reported positive effects on increasing condom use and/or decreasing STD infections. Literature gaps and lessons learned from existing studies are identified and future research needs are discussed. Future behavioral intervention programs need to be multi-faceted and incorporate environmental and structural factors for different groups of FSWs.
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PMID:Behavioral studies of female sex workers in China: a literature review and recommendation for future research. 1769 31

Understanding predisposing factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young adults may identify targets for public health interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of university students' sexual attitudes, behaviours and lifestyles and self-reported rates of STI. A total of 827 students responded, 22.4% had two or more sexual partners in the previous year with inconsistent condom use and the lifetime prevalence of STIs was 9.6%. Factors associated with a diagnosis of STI were increasing age and number of sexual partners ever, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31, 5.56) and use of crack (AOR 10.45, 95% CI 1.46, 75.16). For female students, these were increasing age and number of partners ever, whereas for male students having sex with other men (bisexual AOR 4.8, 95% CI 1.02, 22.595, homosexual AOR 17.66, 95% CI 3.03, 103.04) and use of crack (AOR 32.24, 95% CI 3.33, 312.08). Multiple partners and recreational drug use may predict incidence of STI. Prevention strategies need to aim at reducing risk behaviour across various activities.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jun
PMID:Sex, drugs and sexually transmitted infections in British university students. 1859 73


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