Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis-B-virus (HBV)-markers in STD patients and the significance of promiscuous heterosexual activity as a risk factor for the transmission of HBV, a serological screening was performed in 499 patients, in addition to the routine STD diagnostic programme. Two groups of patients were evaluated: group 1 (120 patients) was drawn from the STD clinic of the Public Health Office (PHO), group 2 (379 patients) from a private STD outpatient clinic. Promiscuous activity was reported significantly more often by persons of group 1 than by those attending the private clinic (59.3% vs. 5.1%). The infection rate of gonorrhea, syphilis and Chlamydia trachomatis was high in patients of the PHO (46.7%, 35.3%, 27.5%) whereas most of the STDs were seldom ascertained in patients of the private clinic (1.1%, 0%, 5.6%). Similar to other STDs, the prevalence of HBV markers differed significantly between patients of the PHO and those of the private clinic (33.3% vs. 6.3%; p = .0000). Comparison of HBV and other STDs showed the highest coincidence of HBV markers in patients with serological evidence of syphilis (44.2%), and in one third of patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae as well as HIV infection. The data obtained in the present study demonstrate that also in Austria, in addition to homosexual preference and drug abuse, promiscuous heterosexual activity must be considered a substantial risk factor for the transmission of HBV.
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PMID:Coincidence of hepatitis B-virus markers and other sexually transmitted diseases in different STD-risk groups. 161 Dec 11

This study documents the prevalence of Hepatitis B serological markers among STD patients who have had multiple sexual partners in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and compares the rates with those of a sample of the population with single or no sexual partners. A total of 336 Chinese STD patients (multiple partners group) and 234 Chinese control subjects (non-multiple partner group) were screened. Those with a history of blood transfusion or parenteral drug abuse had been excluded from the study, and all study subjects were heterosexuals. The overall carrier rate was 9.2% for the multiple partner group (MP group) and 6.8% for the non-multiple partner group (NMP group). Infection rates were 64.3% for the MP-group and 38.9% for the NMP group. After adjustments for age and sex, there was no significant difference in carrier rates between the two groups, but infection rates were significantly different with the MP group, being 3.2 times more likely to acquire infection than the NMP group. The study concludes that in heterosexuals, those with multiple sexual partners have increased chances of acquiring HBV infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis B infection among Chinese STD patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 186 64

This chapter identified three methods by which crack cocaine is distributed at the retail level: the street-corner or walk-up sales system, the runners and beepermen system, and the crack house. The chapter devoted primary attention to the crack house, because it appears as the most popular method for distribution. In examining the crack house, it is noted that there are identifiable styles of crack-house operations. If the quality and quantity of social interaction, as well as the situation in which sellers posture themselves, are taken as indices, then a typology can be created characterizing crack-house operations. One end of the scale is an austere method in which social interaction between buyer and seller is severely restricted; on the other, crack houses operate as tavern-style exchange locations, which include socialization above and beyond that required for the exchange of money for crack. The nature of these exchanges are themselves important, since they involve social behaviors that are of concern. One concern is the degree and nature of violence as it is associated with drug abuse. The data in this chapter describe some ways in which violence appears within the crack subculture. This violence comes from multiple sources, but some prominent ones appear to be the businesslike operations of crack distribution, the personal disorganization that surrounds and characterizes the crack-consuming environment, and the distortions of character that crack users describe as often accompanying significant binges of crack consumption. Distributors use violence to control situations. Violence is most prominently used for security at the point of retail sale, to periodically resolve conflicts with rivals, and to discipline employees when necessary. Insofar as it is described by this group of informants, crack as a social phenomenon is tied to violent and abusive behavior. This chapter reports on behaviors that, although not traditionally violent, are of concern and bear upon public health and safety. Tavern-style crack houses may encourage and make possible hypersexuality among participants and thus increase STD and HIV risks. The use of barter as a supplement to a cash economy in the crack trade represents further complications in creating social policies in reaction to this behavior. A range of other illegal and problematic behaviors was also described, illustrating the complexity of interactions that constitute the life of street-level crack users. The social policies that may be called for in response to these social events are not simple and are most certainly not defined by these particular data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The operational styles of crack houses in Detroit. 209 93

Fifteen gay men with a history of recent high-risk sexual activities attended seven group sessions that provided risk education, training in self-management skills pertinent to risk reduction, sexual assertiveness training, and problem solving with respect to health consciousness, social supports, and efficacy of risk-reduction change. Before and after intervention, subjects completed measures of AIDS risk knowledge, sexual practices occurring over 4-month retrospective periods, and self-monitored records of ongoing sexual activities and participated in role plays assessing behavioral assertiveness skill for resisting high-risk coercions. Eight-month follow-up data were also collected. Subjects exhibited substantial and well-maintained change following intervention in behaviors relevant to HIV infection risk, including frequency of unprotected anal intercourse (which decreased to near-zero levels), condom use (which increased to almost 90% of intercourse occasions), and in an index that reflects the multiplicative function of risk behaviors frequency by the number of partners with whom high-risk behaviors occurs. This demonstration provides further evidence that skills-training approaches can assist individuals in implementing behavior changes to reduce risk for AIDS and identifies a model relevant to counseling efforts in AIDS prevention programs, HIV counseling and testing programs, drug abuse and STD clinics, and other applied settings.
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PMID:A skills-training group intervention model to assist persons in reducing risk behaviors for HIV infection. 238 51

Anorectal lesions are uncommon in patients infected by the HIV virus (13%, 1 female and 15 males in our personal series). Certain neoplastic lesions are specific and must suggest the possibility of AIDS: Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma and, in young subjects, intra-epithelial dysplasias, carcinomas in situ or squamous cell of the anus. Other lesions encountered in proctology should also raise the suspicion of HIV infection: anorectal lesions of STD including florid papillomatosis, most frequently (25%) in its severe and recurrent form, extensive herpetic lesions refractory to the usual treatments, Cytomegalovirus ulcers. The clinical history, specifying sexual habits, a history of drug abuse and looking for the presence of chronic diarrhoea, and a complete clinical examination looking for lymphadenopathy are important elements to be considered in favour of the diagnosis. Apart from painful emergencies requiring an immediate surgical procedure, the therapeutic of the patient's general state, the stage of the disease and the expected benefit for the patient's comfort.
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PMID:[AIDS and anorectal pathology]. 766 94

The prevalence of HBV-markers in our patients in STD high-risk groups was markedly higher than the average in Vienna. 19% of the registered prostitutes, 44% of the illegal prostitutes, 29% of the bar hostesses and 39% of the STD patients were found to be positive in at least one HBV marker. I.v. drug abuse. African origin and irregular condom use were the most important risk factors in our patients. The hepatitis B vaccination campaign was successful to a high degree. 69% of the registered prostitutes and 85% of the regularly examined bar hostesses accepted the vaccination. Promotion programmes should focus on institutions caring for STD risk persons rather than on the persons themselves.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B in persons at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Screening and vaccination campaign--acceptance and results]. 784 75

The Caribbean is a multi-ethnic region of great cultural diversity presently experiencing a serious problem with HIV infection and AIDS. Some of the countries have among the highest annual incidence rates of HIV infection and AIDS in the world. The number of AIDS cases reported keeps rising each year in most Caribbean countries, although the rate of increase is lower than when the epidemic first started. The epidemiology of HIV infection in the Caribbean differs from that of most other parts of the world because the mode of spread does not easily fit into any of the three World Health Organization patterns. This review shows that while HIV infection was initially observed among homosexuals and bisexuals, intercourse between heterosexuals has now become the main mode of HIV transmission in the region. This review further finds that HIV infection and AIDS in the Caribbean affects mainly young to middle-aged adults. Infected males outnumber females, but the gap is narrowing, while the Caribbean has no IV drug abuse problem except for in Bermuda and Puerto Rico. The governments of the Caribbean have realized the extent of the problem and have taken measures to try to control the epidemic. The paper considers the history of the epidemic; its epidemiology in terms of sources, prevalence, age, sex, and risk behaviors; HIV seroprevalence in populations such as homosexual and bisexual men, female prostitutes, intravenous drug users, blood donors, and antenatal clinics; trends; and geographical factors in Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Bermuda, Haiti, Dominican Republic, St. Lucia, Cuba, and Guyana. The authors also note the effectiveness of the draconian Cuban policy in controlling the spread of HIV and AIDS, but stress that its severe nature may also drive cases underground, thus leading to an overall understating of the dimensions of the AIDS epidemic in the country.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:HIV infection in the Caribbean. 803 23

In order to study the importance of sexual transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs), and from IVDAs to others, we consecutively interviewed 171 IVDAs detained at the Stockholm Remand Prison during 4 months in 1990. Sexual histories revealed that 77% reported > or = 3 sexual partners during the last 3 years, 64% had had a sexual partner who did not inject drugs, and 61% reported a prior STD. The prevalence of HBV markers was 75%. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, a high risk for HBV markers was associated with an increasing duration of drug abuse, a high prevalence of hepatitis A markers, and an increasing number of drug injecting sexual partners during the last 3 years, indicating that sexual transmission, along with sharing of needles, may contribute to the high prevalence of HBV markers within this group. It is suggested that an adequate sexual history must be obtained from IVDAs with acute viral hepatitis in order to identify sexual partners who should be offered postexposure prophylaxis, and that non-immune IVDAs should be vaccinated against viral hepatitis A and B.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among intravenous drug abusers in Stockholm: impact of heterosexual transmission. 846 Mar 53

Adolescent drug abuse clients (N = 176) and their mothers, in six different outpatient drug-free programs, were assessed at admission and at follow-up, 15 months after initiation of treatment. Family therapy sessions were offered in all six programs programs in addition to individual and group counseling. The pretreatment assessment procedures, and thus also the variables analyzed for prediction of treatment outcome, emphasized family measures (including the Family Environment Scale, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, the Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory, and other information about the family and the parents). Multiple regression analysis determined which of three demographic variables and 39 other independent pretreatment predictor variables had a significant relationship with each of the six outcome criteria (dependent variables). Four of these outcome criteria were based on client information, and two were based on information provided by the mother. The more positively the family's functioning and relationships were described by the client at pretreatment, the more client improvement was reported by either client or mother at follow-up. Eleven of the 12 predictor variables that were found to be significantly related to any of the treatment outcome criteria were measures, at pretreatment, either of the client's perceptions of family functioning, or of his or her relationship with parents, particularly with the mother. These findings show the power of the family factors as indicators of prognosis. The predictor variable that was found to have the largest number of significant relationships, predicting three of the six outcome criteria, was the "family independence" dimension of the FES (i.e., "The extent to which family members are encouraged to be assertive, self-sufficient"). It appears that the FES instrument may be quite effective for predicting improvements in the behavior of adolescent drug-abusing clients.
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PMID:Family and client characteristics as predictors of outpatient treatment outcome for adolescent drug abusers. 874 93

This study statistically tested six hypothesized risk factors of the model for anorexia nervosa. Forty-three adolescents with anorexia nervosa and 85 controls were administered the EAT, EDI, and FES. In addition, 43 parents of anorexics and 85 parents of controls completed the Family History Data Sheet, the FES, and the Perfect Child Questionnaire. Three of six hypothesized risk factors were confirmed: family history of depression, feelings of ineffectiveness, and poor interceptive awareness. Log-linear analysis indicated that the hierarchical model that best fit the data had significant two-way interactions with anorexia nervosa, G2 (11, N = 128) = 65.87, p < .001. In addition, alcohol and drug abuse or dependence figured prominently in the family history of patients with anorexia nervosa. The multidimensional model for anorexia nervosa holds up as an exploratory model of this condition in the adolescent age group.
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PMID:Testing the hypothesis of the multidimensional model of anorexia nervosa in adolescents. 910 95


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