Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the important pathogens of STD in our country. Therefore, rapid accurate, reliable and convenient tests for its detection are required. So far, IDEIA Chlamydia has been employed as a useful diagnostic kit. Now, IDEIA PCE Chlamydia, applied as a dual amplification EIA method, has been developed. In our present studies, the sensitivity, reproducibility, cross reactivity, and reliability of IDEIA PCE Chlamydia were investigated and compared with those of IDEIA Chlamydia and LCR Chlamydia. The sensitivity of IDEIA PCE Chlamydia showed 2.4 x 10(2) IFU/ml for C. trachomatis D, 1.2 x 10(2) IFU/ml for C. trachomatis E, 3.8 x 10 IFU/ml for C. trachomatis F, and 1.25 x 10(2) IFU/ml for C. trachomatis L2. With regard to reproducibility, more than 2.4 x 10(2) IFU/ml of all strains of C. trachomatis and negative samples gave highly reproducible values. Though no cross reactivity was recognized among three strains of Staphylococcus aureus with concentrations of more than 10(9) IFU/ml, non-heated samples of over 10(6) CFU/ml showed cross reactivity. In our observations, phosphate, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe3+ inhibited the efficacy of both IDEIA and IDEIA PCE Chlamydia. Ca2+ per se could be an inhibitor in the case of urine samples analyzed by IDEIA and IDEIA PCE Chlamydia. These results indicate that IDEIA PCE Chlamydia kit for detection of C. trachomatis may be clinically useful because of its improved sensitivity over IDEIA Chlamydia and its invariable specificity and reliability.
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PMID:[Basic evaluation of Chlamydia antigen detection by EIA using a dual amplification enhanced immunoassay method]. 950 84

The management of cases of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection diagnosed in clinics in Wessex in the last quarter of 1996 was surveyed, and the results compared with those obtained in the national gonorrhoea audit. Treatment regimens were extremely varied both between and within clinics. Overall, 71% of patients saw a health adviser, 74% returned for follow-up, and 96% of these were cured. Compared with the national gonorrhoea audit, fewer contacts were reported (1.2 vs 1.5), but more contacts were seen per index case (0.7 vs 0.5), and a higher proportion of contacts were seen (59% vs 33%). The figures were higher in those who returned for a test of cure. Little data were available for contacts attending elsewhere for treatment; communication networks among genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics are essential for effective contact tracing. Variations between clinics may reflect differences between the populations served as well as in diagnostic methods and management policies.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Feb
PMID:The management of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in genitourinary medicine clinics in the Wessex region. 950 80

We evaluated Cobas Amplicor, a highly automated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, to test first-void urine (FVU) and urethral swab specimens for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men attending a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. Results were compared against an in-house radioimmune dot blot (DB) test for C. trachomatis and selective culture for N. gonorrhoeae. Three hundred and ninety sets of specimens were obtained from 378 consecutive new and returned-new patients. Gonorrhoea prevalence was 9.49%, with no significant difference in sensitivity or specificity between culture and PCR. Chlamydia prevalence was 15.4%, with sensitivities of: DB 55%, PCR of FVU 86.7%, urethral swab PCR 90%. The specificity of PCR on FVU and urethral swabs was 100%. We have shown that Cobas Amplicor PCR is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in men attending an STI clinic. Further economic and scientific studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this technique for screening in primary care settings.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jan
PMID:Detection of male genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae using an automated multiplex PCR system (Cobas Amplicor). 951 10

Findings are presented from a seroprevalence survey of HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, and chlamydia conducted in Franceville, Gabon, during 2 days in January 1996, in a representative sample of the sexually active general population aged 14-55 years. 456 usable sera were collected from 457 individuals recruited in 20 clusters of 25 people each. Franceville is a city of approximately 30,000 inhabitants. 2% were infected with HIV-1, 13.8% with hepatitis B, 8.6% with Treponema pallidum, and 59.6% with Chlamydia trachomatis. The seroprevalences of hepatitis B and chlamydia were stable over time and similar to those reported in other central African countries. However, the seroprevalence of T. pallidum is quite low relative to those other countries and appears to be decreasing. The seroprevalence of HIV-1 is also low, but twice the level observed in 1988.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jan
PMID:Seroprevalence of four sexually transmitted diseases in a semi-urban population of Gabon. 951 12

Inadequate treatment and follow-up of women with genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause long-term morbidity. Inadequate contact tracing can predispose to re-infection. As some women with genital infections present to agencies other than genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, improved liaison between these and GUM departments are important in safeguarding proper follow-up and contact tracing.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Mar
PMID:Liaison between gynaecologists, microbiologists and genitourinary medicine clinics in the management of patients with genital chlamydia and gonococcal infections. 953 Sep 2

This is a study of 189 women attending a family planning clinic in rural South Africa to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections. Genital samples were taken from these women to diagnose infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, Treponema pallidum, and HIV, and to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. Among the 189 women, 41 (22%) reported having had an STD treated in the preceding 12 months. By direct questioning, 74 women stated the following symptoms: genital itch -- 38 (20%); vaginal discharge -- 56 (30%); dysuria -- 33 (18%); dyspareunia -- 22 (12%); and genital ulcers -- 4 (2%). 45 (24%) women had more than one symptom. 119 (63%) women had at least one genital infection, and 49 (26%) had multiple infections. Most of the infections were asymptomatic; while those that were symptomatic, were unrecognized or not reported. Results showed a high prevalence of genital tract infection among the participating women, with most of their infections remaining asymptomatic or unrecognized. Thus, strategies to detect and treat genital tract infections in rural South Africa need to be developed.
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PMID:Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognised genital tract infections? 958 84

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea remain major causes of morbidity despite the availability of effective therapy. Because of the asymptomatic nature of many infections, particularly in women, active case finding is necessary to trace and offer screening and treatment to sexual contacts of those infected. Genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics provide investigation and treatment for a variety of sexual health problems but the proportion of infections treated outside these clinics is unknown. A questionnaire survey of general practitioners (GPs) was used to examine the prevalence and management of male urethritis in Scotland. Responses were received from 277/347 (80%) of GPs. A median of one case/year of male urethritis was seen and screening for gonorrhoea and chlamydia was undertaken in 82% and 63% of cases not referred to a GUM clinic respectively. Six per cent of GPs attempted to trace sexual contacts. Twenty-nine per cent (60) of patients were not referred to a GUM clinic and increasing distance to the clinic was associated with non-referral. Eleven per cent (18) of patients objected to referral to a GUM clinic. There is scope to improve the management of male urethritis by providing greater support for GPs, encouraging clinic referral where possible and appropriate investigations and treatment when not.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Apr
PMID:How are men with urethral discharge managed in general practice? 959 44

Seventy-eight men with symptoms of chronic or subacute prostatitis were enrolled. Investigations for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral swabs were carried out. The expressed prostatic secretions were additionally examined for Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis, yeast-like fungi and leucocyte count. Furthermore, all patients were evaluated for the presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies. Signs of inflammation on the basis of the count of leucocytes per hpf in the prostatic secretions were detected in 42 patients (group I). Prostatodynia was found in the remaining 36 men (group II). In group I, chlamydial antigen was detected in the urethra and expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) in 6 (14.3%) and 9 (21.4%) patients, respectively. No evidence of current chlamydial infection was found in group II. The presence of serum anti-chlamydial IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 13/42 (30.9%) patients with prostatitis and in 3/36 (8.3%) patients with prostatodynia (P < 0.01). The results suggest that chlamydia may be one of the causative agents of chronic prostatitis.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jun
PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis: probable cause of prostatitis. 987 30

A clinical study of patients with male urethritis (n=316) was undertaken to determine the sensitivity potential for a new dual amplified immunoassay (IDEIA PCE Chlamydia). Increased sensitivity (98.8%, 84/85) was obtained for IDEIA PCE Chlamydia compared to a conventional antigen detection test (IDEIA Chlamydia, 81.2%, 69/85) when testing urine samples. In a smaller patient population (n=104) the positivity rate for the first-void urine tested with IDEIA PCE Chlamydia of 30.8% (32/104) was similar to the 27.9% (29/104) obtained from urethral swabs tested with a DNA probe assay (PACE 2). The increased sensitivity of the test was confirmed with a commercial PCR kit (Amplicor) and nested PCR. The IDEIA PCE Chlamydia kit has the sensitivity potential to be a clinically reliable alternative for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jul
PMID:Clinical study of the effectiveness of a dual amplified immunoassay (IDEIA PCE Chlamydia) for the diagnosis of male urethritis. 969 98

Population screening and intervention programmes can reduce the prevalence and incidence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, especially if sensitive molecular diagnostic tests are used. However, diagnostic tests that perform well on genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic populations may be less useful for screening, particularly if the majority of infected subjects are asymptomatic and their samples contain fewer organisms. We have compared the extent of low organism load in cervical and urine samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic chlamydia-positive women, by using a direct fluorescent antibody staining method and counting the chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs). We have investigated the ability of an enzyme immunoassay (EIA; MicroTrak) and a DNA amplification (ligase chain reaction; LCR) assay to detect low numbers of organisms in cervical samples and the ability of the LCR assay to detect low numbers of organisms in urine. A low organism load (< 10 EBs) was seen by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining in about 30% of cervical samples and in about 75% of urines from chlamydia-positive women; the proportions in symptomatic women were not significantly different from those in asymptomatic women. The EIA identified only 16% of cervical samples that contained < 10 EBs by DFA staining; the LCR identified 100% of cervical samples and 93% of urine samples that contained < 10 EBs by DFA staining. The findings suggest that the ability of chlamydial diagnostic tests to identify positive women should be similar among patients attending a GUM clinic and those taking part in a population screening programme, and that sensitive molecular assays such as the LCR should identify subjects with a low organism load in both groups.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Aug
PMID:Quantification of Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical and urine specimens from women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic: implications for screening strategies. 1072 52


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