Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the unique features of the AIDS epidemic in West Africa, we sought to determine if the spectrum of oral lesions among Nigerian patients with HIV-AIDS differs from that found in other regions. Of 500 patients examined, 266 (53%) had oral lesions. Lesions due to candidiasis were present in 244 (49%), while other oral lesions were infrequent (<3% for each of the other types). Oral lesions were associated with advanced disease stage (P < 0.001), a history of urethritis in men (P < 0.001), and alcohol (P < 0.001) and tobacco use (P = 0.03). A significantly lower prevalence of oral lesions (6%) was found among the 32 patients receiving antiretroviral drug treatment.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Jun
PMID:Oral manifestations of HIV-AIDS in Nigerian patients. 1281 67

An increasing number of women with vulval problems and pain attend Olafiaklinikken, the centre for sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Oslo. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of long-standing vulval problems and entry dyspareunia in a consecutive sample of STI-clinic visitors in Oslo. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed before and independent of the consultation. Response rate was 89.6% (502/560). Mean and median age were 25.9 and 24.0 years respectively, range 16-65 years. Vulval soreness, burning, dryness and fissures present for at least three months were reported by 23.1% (116/502), entry dyspareunia by 6.9% (34/494). Independent risk factors for dyspareunia were a history of >/=4 treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis during the last year, reported by 34.6%, odds ratio (OR) 4.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81-11.0, and a history of bacterial vaginosis, reported by 42.4%, OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.11-4.92. Contraceptive methods, hygienic habits, a history of STIs, depression or sexual abuse were factors unrelated to longstanding symptoms. Investigation with regard to longstanding vulval problems and entry dyspareunia is required for a certain group of sexually transmitted disease-clinic visitors in Oslo, and referral to a special service for vulva patients would be beneficial for selected patients.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Dec
PMID:Longstanding vulval problems and entry dyspareunia among STD-clinic visitors in Oslo-results from a cross-sectional study. 1467 85

We assessed the validity of a syndromic case management approach for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among 371 pregnant women attending antenatal care facilities in Kingston, Jamaica, using an algorithm previously validated in high-risk Jamaican women. For our antenatal attenders, the algorithm had low sensitivities for all RTIs (66.7% for cervicitis, 35.4% for trichomoniasis, 11.1% for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and 24% for candidiasis). Specificities for BV (88.9%) and candidiasis (81.1%) were higher than for cervicitis (62.8%) and trichomoniasis (68.5%). The positive predictive values were lower than 36% for all diagnoses, especially BV (6.9%). Syndromic management of RTIs in pregnant women was problematic using a clinical algorithm that had worked well for high-risk women. Syndromic management for RTIs in Jamaican antenatal clinics is only a temporary solution until more simple and affordable diagnostic tests for RTIs are developed and/or until laboratory support and clinical care can be upgraded at antenatal clinics.
Int J STD AIDS 2004 Jun
PMID:Marginal validity of syndromic management for reproductive tract infections among pregnant women in Jamaica. 1518 80

There is a disproportionate share of AIDS cases over the years in Africa. This has occurred in racial and ethnic minority populations, a finding likely related to social, economic and cultural factors. Certain socio-cultural and religious practices such as polygamy and giving a daughter away in marriage without considering the social life of the man are likely contributory factors to the higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS in women in this part of the world. This is illustrated with a case of Mr. M. S. who married two wives within four months interval, having lived a promiscuous life before marriage. One of the wives was a virgin at the time of marriage. Neither of wives had any symptoms suggestive of STD or HIV before marriage, however, the three of them tested positive to HIV-1 following a visit to the special treatment clinic. He had genital herpes and his two wives also had vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital herpes and condyloma accuminata (genital warts). The husband would not want his HIV status declared to the wives. There is therefore a need to enact law on pre-marriage HIV screening for intending couples. Couple Pre-and post-test counseling must be encouraged and promoted. In addition, women should be empowered to negotiate safer sex.
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PMID:Socio-cultural factors affecting the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa: a case study. 1556 40

Out of 867 sex workers examined during 1998-2000 from the five important red light areas of Kolkata, 26.18%(227) were suffering from active syphilitic infection having positive VDRL test with titre 1/8 and above. Vaginal smear for gram staining was collected from all sex workers, and found positive for active gonorrhoeal infection in 41.8% (362). Culture positivity for gonorrheal infection was 34.14% (296). Sex workers were also having other STD infection, 23.64% (205) Trichomonas infection, 13.26% (115) Candidiasis, 8.77% (76), Gardenella and 3.0% (26) Chanchroid for which vaginal samples were found positive. HIV sero-positivity was found to be 13.2% (115) out of 867 blood samples examined from all sex workers under study. There were 0.34% (3) sex workers who were also positive for HIV II infection along with HIV-I infection. A case of HIV II alone was not detected in any of the sex workers. Around 49.6% (430) knew that STD/HIV can be prevented by use of condom. However, condom was used by only 6.57% (57) sex workers.
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PMID:A study of HIV/STD infections amongst commercial sex workers in Kolkata. (India) Part-IV laboratory investigation of STD and HIV infections. 1629 81

The results from a telephone survey in 2001-02 of a probability sample of Australian households including 10,173 men aged 16-59 (response rate 69.4%) are used to assess the prevalence of circumcision across social groups in Australia and examine lifetime history of sexually transmissible infection (STI), sexual difficulties in the last year, sexual practices including masturbation, and sexual attitudes. More than half (59%) of the men were circumcised. Circumcision was less common among younger men (32% aged <20) and more common among the Australian born (69%). After correction for age, circumcision was unrelated to reporting STI, but appeared to protect against penile candidiasis. Circumcision was unrelated to most sexual difficulties, but circumcised men were less likely to report physical pain during intercourse or trouble keeping an erection; reasons for this are unknown. There were no significant differences in practices at last sexual encounter with a female partner or in masturbation alone. Circumcised men had somewhat more liberal sexual attitudes. Neonatal circumcision was routine in Australia until the 1970s. It appears not to be associated with significant protective or harmful sexual health outcomes. This study provides no evidence about the effects on sexual sensitivity.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Aug
PMID:Circumcision in Australia: prevalence and effects on sexual health. 1732 71

This paper describes the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) recorded in the Weekly Returns Service (WRS) between 1994 and 2001. There were approximately 76,500 new diagnoses of STIs (7500 males, 71,000 females) and associated syndromes. Candidiasis was the commonest condition reported in males and females followed by pelvic inflammatory disease. The ratio of males to females was 7.1 for non-specific urethritis, and 9.1 and 2.1 for Reiter's syndrome and pediculosis pubis, respectively. The incidence of anogenital warts and genital herpes changed little over time. New diagnoses of genital herpes were higher in females than in males (ratio 2.8:1), whereas the mean annual incidence of genital warts was similar in males and females. The WRS provides an insight into the burden of STI diagnoses, and diagnoses related to STIs that are managed in general practice, and as such has the potential to make a substantial contribution to STI surveillance in England.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Oct
PMID:Surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases in general practice: a description of trends in the Royal College of General Practitioners Weekly Returns Service between 1994 and 2001. 1705 40

A prospective study of genital infections was conducted in a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Hamedan City, Iran. A total of 540 women were recruited and divided into two equal groups: (1) the case group with vaginitis (N=270) and, (2) the asymptomatic control group (N=270). Participants were interviewed about the occurrence of any vaginal or urethral discharge. Two vaginal swabs were obtained for pH testing, KOH and wet mount examination, Gram staining and culture at the time of speculum examination. In the case group, the prevalence of candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis was 17.2, 18.1, and 28.5%, respectively. Measurement of vaginal pH in the clinic was the single most useful clinical finding for directing empirical therapy. No single specimen was found ideal for all pathogens; a cervical swab is better for Trichomonas vaginalis but a vaginal swab is needed for candida and bacterial vaginosis. To achieve STD control in this and similar populations, public health programs must target asymptomatic infections.
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PMID:A prospective study of genital infections in Hamedan, Iran. 1754 76

An outpatient HIV clinic was opened in March 2005 in Binh Thanh District, a poor section of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Over 1500 patients were seen in the first year. The average age of patients was 27 years. Men represented 77% of the clinic population, women, 23% and children under the age of 16 years of age, 5% of the population. The most common risk factor among men was being an injecting drug user (IDU), 76%, and among women, being married to an IDU HIV-positive man, 35%. Physical signs of disease were uncommon: lymphadenopathy in 24% and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in 4% and 3%, respectively. Men and women were anaemic at presentation, with a mean haemoglobin of 11.9 g/dL and 11.1 g/dL, respectively. An overwhelming majority of patients had profound immunodeficiency. The mean CD4+ cell count was 164 cells/mL and the median was 69 cells/mL. No correlation was found between the World Health Organization's stage of disease and the CD4+ cell count. Thus, the former is a poor predictor of immunity in this population. Data regarding opportunistic infections diagnosed at the first visit were studied. Candidiasis of the oral pharynx, oesophagus or vagina was found in 34.5% of the patients, and pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was found in 32% of the patients. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was diagnosed in only 3% of the patients. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is advocated for HIV-infected Vietnamese, but the incidence of PCP is negligible and resources could be spent elsewhere. The various opportunistic infections seen in this resource-poor clinic setting is likely to be a pattern of presentation of HIV-infected Vietnamese for some time to come.
Int J STD AIDS 2007 Jul
PMID:Clinical features of HIV/AIDS patients presenting to an inner city clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 1762 7

A total of one hundred patients (75 males and 25 females) age ranged from 17-65 years with genital lesions attending the STD clinic of Bowring and LC Hospitals Bangalore constituted the study group. Based on clinical features, the study groups were classified as syphilis (39), chancroid (30), herpes genitalis (13), condylomato lato (9), LGV (7t condylomata acuminata (5), genital scabies (3), granuloma inguinole (2) and genital candidiasis (1). In 68% microbiological findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Of the 100 cases 13% and 2% were positive for HIV antibodies and HbsAg respectively.
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PMID:Study of genital lesions. 1764 54


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