Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Gambella, southwestern Ethiopia, sexual intercourse following the birth of a baby is not allowed until the child is 2-3 years old. Whilst most mothers wait for the specified time, their husbands find it difficult and seek sex elsewhere. This cultural law therefore increases the risk of STD transmission. The "rule" is obviously hard for some young couples to keep. They have sexual intercourse without contraception, resulting in pregnancy. The wife, not wishing to be seen to have broken the law, seeks an abortion. Cultural modification requires a long period of time but health education about STDs and contraception is, meanwhile, indispensable.
 ...
PMID:STD and induced abortion. 1232 13

HIV/STD prevention programs can stimulate debate over behavior change at the community level. In 1993, Yayasan Haumeni, a local nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Timor, southeastern Asia, launched an HIV/STD prevention program when voluntary health agents announced an increased level of STDs in the community. The NGO first conducted a study in 12 villages to identify the main modes of HIV transmission. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and group discussions with traditional healers, religious leaders, and youth. A ritual linked to puberty was found to be a practice potentially fostering the transmission of HIV/STDs in the community. Once circumcised by traditional practitioners, pubescent boys in the community are expected to have sexual relations with 2-4 different women. Study participants also discussed the subjects of multiple sex partners, abortion, adolescent pregnancy, family planning, and the exodus of young people. Study results were presented to district decision-makers, who decided to implement an education program on HIV and STDs designed to foment debate upon the circumcision ritual, the sex roles of men and women, and perceptions of male sexual power. Even though it remains too early to assess sexual behavior changes in the community, some young people and their families have begun to question the traditional circumcision practice and its associated rituals.
 ...
PMID:[On the subject of tradition]. 1232 26

The Danish Foreningen for Familieplanlaegning (FF), planned parenthood, has a role to play as a watchdog for human sexuality education in schools and teacher training and development of educational material. Sex education has been in the school system since the 1900's, but in 1970 it was made compulsory. Sex education must be integrated in all subjects, and teacher or student may introduce a sex topic/question at any time. Minimum requirements are information on contraceptives and STD's. In 1970, the Curriculum Committee provided Guidelines for Sex Education in Public Schools which stated the following limitations for teachers: no vulgar terminology, no pupil counseling, no information on sexual intercourse techniques, and no erotic photographic material. In 1986, the Committee on Health and Sex Education was formed to work out subject and guide materials; these curriculum guidelines will be available in August 1991. FF was invited only to address the committee, at which time it was advised that teachers not lump health and sex together, and that specific issues such as sex anatomy, contraception, STD's, AIDs, and abortion be addressed as well as the rights of saying no, first sexual experiences, emotions and feelings, and being in love. After some insistence and negotiation, the final draft included more on sex education. The FF Education Committee plans to hold a 3-day training course for teachers at teacher training colleges in the Fall, 1991. One of the first tasks of the Sex Education Committee was to form a workshop with representatives from 10 schools. Their conclusions were that 1) the class teacher be responsible for sex education, 2) cross professional collaboration needs to be implemented with, for example, guest speakers who are homosexuals, prostitutes, AID's related persons. 3) Parents must be given information and sought out for advice. 4) The limitations in the 1970 Guidelines need to be cancelled. 5) Teacher training must be expanded and improved.
 ...
PMID:Sex education in schools in Denmark. Does Foreningen for Familieplanlaegning (the Danish PPA) have a role to play? 1234 72

Zambia has experienced considerable economic decline over the past few decades. This decline has led to considerable hardship in both urban and rural areas. Zambian youth and women are particularly at risk from the consequent high crime rate, rape, teenage pregnancy, prostitution, abortion, and HIV/STDs. Moreover, the health of these individuals is heavily influenced by the prevalence of unprotected casual sex and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other drugs. Their rights to education, social support, health information, and legal protection therefore need to be emphasized, especially within the context of HIV/AIDS programs. Early marriage, female subservience to men, polygamy, obstacles to wife inheritance, and the ritual sexual cleansing of widows makes young women especially vulnerable to HIV/STDs. The Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) of Zambia addresses many of the critical needs of young people and women through a series of programs and activities. Some of these programs and activities are described.
AIDS STD Health Promot Exch 1996
PMID:Country watch: Zambia. 1234 77

Without significant reductions in maternal-infant HIV transmission, infant mortality may increase by as much as 75%. This article reviews briefly the range of interventions that have been proposed to prevent HIV transmission during pregnancy and delivery. These include the provision of HIV/AIDS counseling in family planning programs, promotion of consistent condom use, vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy, adequate prenatal care, Cesarean section delivery, vaginal lavage, and zidovudine treatment. The efficacy of mandatory HIV testing of pregnant women and zidovudine administration to HIV-positive pregnant women has not been confirmed, but both strategies should be available. Antenatal screening for this purpose should be promoted, however, only if free drug treatment for the mother and child can be offered for at least 2 years (the 9 months of pregnancy and the 18 months until the infant can be tested for HIV). Although HIV-infected pregnant women should have the option of induced abortion, termination should never be coerced. Only 10% of HIV-infected pregnant women select this option, and those who do tend to have another pregnancy within the next 2 years.
AIDS STD Health Promot Exch 1997
PMID:Preventing HIV transmission during pregnancy and delivery: a review. 1234 85

The representative from the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) at the 15th Asian Parliamentarians' Meeting addressed the issue of negative consequences of the failure to meet the goals set at the ICPD. Global statistics on sexual and reproductive health are as follows: millions of women and men do not have access to safe and reliable family planning methods; thousands of women continue to die in pregnancy and childbirth; many suffer pain, ill health and permanent disability as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications; up to 20 million unsafe abortions are performed on women, of whom 70,000 die every year; many young women and girls become unfactionally pregnant and lose the chance of an education and employment; pregnancy and childbirth are major killers of young women aged 15-19 years; a significant proportion of young women contract an STD; 70% of the world's 1.3 billion people living in absolute poverty are women. These women are also at risk during pregnancy and are least able to protect themselves from violence and rape, STDs and HIV/AIDS, unsafe abortion, and sexual exploitation. In conclusion, all the above concerns need support in moving governments toward better service organization and more frankness in a field where life and death are dangerously close to one another.
 ...
PMID:Failure to meet ICPD goals will affect global stability, health of environment, and well-being, rights and potential of people. 1234 6

The objective was to explore if HIV-1 infection is a risk factor for post-abortion endometritis-myometritis (PAEM) in an urban hospital in Kampala, Uganda. HIV-1 seroprevalence in women with and without post-abortion infection was established using two standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fifty-two women with PAEM and 106 without PAEM infection were recruited. The HIV-1 seroprevalence was 17 (32.7%) among women with PAEM and 38 (36.5%) among women without post-abortion infection. HIV infection was not found to correlate with the risk for PAEM. HIV-1 seroprevalence in both groups was double that among antenatal clients in the same hospital, 14.6% in 1997. Life-threatening infections such as septicaemia, peritonitis and pelvic abscesses were observed among 12 cases (23%). HIV-1 infection was not shown to be a risk factor for PAEM, but women with abortions with and without PAEM have a higher prevalence of HIV-1 than antenatal clients.
Int J STD AIDS 2002 Nov
PMID:Post-abortion endometritis-myometritis and HIV infection. 1243 91

IGF-I and IGF-II were appeared to play major roles in the adhesive and migratory events that are considered to be crucial in the implantation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of IGF-I on trophoblast adhesion to extracellular matrix. Trophoblast cells obtained from early gestation at artificial abortion were incubated with the indicated doses of IGF-I at the indicated times. Trophoblast cells were treated with IGF-I in the presence or absence of RGD peptide and an antibody against alpha-subunit of IGF-I receptor (alphaIR3). Morphometric and morphological changes were studied using light and electron microscopy. Furthermore, vinculin, actin stress fibers, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphotyrosine, and paxillin were immunolocalized in trophoblast cells after IGF-I treatment in the presence or absence of alphaIR3. Immunoprecipitation and anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting were carried out to detect the phosphorylated FAK and phosphorylated paxillin contents of the IGF-I-treated and untreated trophoblast cells. The results showed that IGF-I promoted trophoblast adhesion to fibronectin substrate in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and addition of RGD peptide and alphaIR3 monoclonal antibody abolished the effects of IGF-I in these cells. Morphological studies exhibited an increase in the lamellipodia formation upon IGF-I treatment, and confocal images of immunofluorescent staining revealed localization of phosphorylated FAK, paxillin, and vinculin at focal adhesions as well as redistribution of actin microfilaments and formation of actin stress fibers inside the cell. Western blotting, using antiphosphotyrosine demonstrated proteins with molecular masses of 125 kDa (FAK) and 68 kDa (paxillin) present in the IGF-I-treated cells, which were lacking in the control groups. In conclusion, these findings suggest that IGF-I can stimulate lamellipodia formation and promote adhesion of trophoblast cells to extracellular matrix by activating their adhesion molecules that must be activated within the implantation window.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of morphological and cytoskeletal changes in trophoblast cells induced by insulin-like growth factor-I. 1246 82

In order to determine the effectiveness of a screen-and-treat policy for Chlamydia trachomatis within a busy medical and surgical abortion service, a retrospective audit was conducted of 2058 women undergoing induced abortion over 12 months. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 6%. Although most positive results were available before a surgical abortion (97%), only 76% were available before a medical abortion (P = 0.007). This resulted in more treatment delays in the medical group (P = 0.04). Although the majority of women (94% surgical and 84% medical) were seen by genitourinary medicine, only one-quarter of partners attended for contact tracing. The current screen-and-treat policy has been shown to be deficient in several areas. Of most concern are the treatment delays with medical abortion, which may be due to the faster 'processing' of women since this method is only available at < or = 9 weeks' gestation. Such challenges to a screen-and-treat policy, are likely to become more common as medical abortion becomes more widely adopted.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Jan
PMID:Can a busy abortion service cope with a screen-and-treat policy for Chlamydia trachomatis infection? 1259 Jul 94

A rural population of east Senegal has been under demographic surveillance for more than 30 years and a high rate of infertility has been reported. The aim of the study is to describe HIV and treponemal infection epidemiology and association with outcome of pregnancy in a population of rural Senegal. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 952 randomly-selected adults of a rural community of Senegal. No participant was found to be infected with HIV, 11% had evidence of past syphilis and 5% of active syphilis. Active syphilis was associated among men with age, long-term mobility and having partners in an urban area in the last 12 months and among women with being divorced or widowed. No association was found between past or active syphilis and abortion or stillbirth but women aged 40 and more with past or active syphilis were significantly more likely to have had no history of gestation than women with no evidence of syphilis infection. In conclusion our results call for more research to understand the epidemiology of treponemal infection and to elucidate types of Treponema pallidum involved.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Mar
PMID:Treponemal infection rates, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in a rural area of Senegal. 1266 46


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>