Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The S locus, which controls the self-incompatibility response in Brassica, has been shown to contain at least two genes. SLG encodes a secreted S locus glycoprotein whilst SRK encodes a putative S locus receptor kinase. SRK has been shown potentially to encode a functional kinase and genetic evidence indicates that this gene is essential for the self-incompatibility response. Here the characterization of the SRK and SLG genes of a Brassica line homozygous for the S3 haplotype is described. A 120 kDa glycoprotein was identified in stigmas and several lines of evidence indicated that this protein is encoded by the SRK3 gene. First, the 120 kDa glycoprotein was recognized by antibodies raised against peptides based on the SRK3 gene sequence. Secondly, this protein is polymorphic and, in an F2 population segregating for the S3 haplotype, was expressed only in plants possessing the S3 haplotype. Thirdly, the 120 kDa protein was expressed specifically in stigmas. Finally, the 120 kDa protein was only extracted from stigmas in the presence of detergent indicating that it is anchored in the membrane. SRK has been predicted to encode a transmembrane glycoprotein based on the deduced amino acid sequence. Located on the membrane, SRK is in a position to interface between an extracellular recognition event between pollen and pistil and an intracellular signal transduction pathway which initiates the self-incompatibility response.
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PMID:Characterization of the S locus genes, SLG and SRK, of the Brassica S3 haplotype: identification of a membrane-localized protein encoded by the S locus receptor kinase gene. 775 15

The study included 188 patients, in which a posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted after extracapsular cataract extraction. After modifications of the intraocular lens constants (SRK formula and SRK II formula) and correction of the axial length measurements (Colenbrander-Hoffer formula) had been made, the mean differences between the actual postoperative spherical equivalent and that predicted by the three formulas were -0.23D, -0.22D and -0.46D, respectively. More than +/-1.0D deviation from the predicted postoperative refraction occurred in about one-third of the cases. Inter-observed discrepancy regarding the accuracy of the preoperative measurement of the ocular axis length is suggested to be the main cause of unpredicted postoperative refractive errors.
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PMID:The refractive error after implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The accuracy of IOL power calculation in a hospital practice. 788 61

The author selected 12 groups of patients (858 patients altogether). The operation was carried out by the same surgeon and the same type of IOL was implanted in each group. An individual A-constant was calculated for each patient. Using individualized A-constant for each group a postoperative refractive error was calculated for each patient. Following formulas were used for the calculation: SRK, SRK II, Holladay formula (A-constant), Holladay formula (surgeon factor) and SRK/T. No substantial difference between the results of formulas SRK, SRK II, Holladay formula (surgeon factor) and SRK/T was found. The postoperative refractive error +/- 1.0 D was found in the interval 65.6% - 67.8% for all these formulas. Holladay formula (A-constant) yielded the postoperative refractive error +/- 1.0 D in 62.2% of cases.
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PMID:[The accuracy of optical power calculations of intraocular lenses in cataract surgery]. 805 Jan 10

The popular SRK/T formula for IOL calculation is analysed with respect to the underlying optical model and identified as a "thin-lens formula". As far as the prediction algorithm for the "optical anterior chamber depth" is concerned, it is shown that mathematically there exists a critical value for the radius of corneal curvature which marks the onset of a nonphysiologic formula behaviour. Within the algorithmic framework of the SRK/T formula, this critical curvature is solely dependent on the axial length. Clinically, the effect of this insufficiency of the formula is not of great importance: a check through our biometry database showed that 4 out of every 1000 IOL calculations were affected.
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PMID:[Critical corneal radii may skew correct IOL calculation by using the SRK/T formula]. 812 38

Phacoemulsification with capsulorhexis reduces the surgical variability and may result in a more predictable refractive outcome. To evaluate the prediction accuracy with current IOL power prediction formulas, we reviewed a retrospective series of 628 phacoemulsification cases, including 148 short (< 22 mm) and 80 long (> 25 mm) eyes. Using the Binkhorst II formula and the manufacturer's recommended anterior chamber depth (ACD) values, the mean absolute refractive prediction error was 0.56 diopters (D). This error could be reduced to 0.51 D by retrospectively optimizing the ACD values for each lens type. Under similar least error conditions, the mean error was 0.51 D with the SRK/T formula and 0.47 D with the Olsen formula (P < .01). The Binkhorst formula overestimated the refraction in short eyes and underestimated the refraction in long eyes. The SRK/T and the Olsen formula were unbiased with the axial length. We hypothesize that the high prediction accuracy may be partially explained by a more predictable pseudophakic ACD with the current surgical technique.
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PMID:Phacoemulsification, capsulorhexis, and intraocular lens power prediction accuracy. 827 Nov 64

A new formula, the Hoffer Q, was developed to predict the pseudophakic anterior chamber depth (ACD) for theoretic intraocular lens (IOL) power formulas. It relies on a personalized ACD, axial length, and corneal curvature. In 180 eyes, the Q formula proved more accurate than those using a constant ACD (P < .0001) and equal (P = .63) to those using the actual postoperative measured ACD (which is not possible clinically). In 450 eyes of one style IOL implanted by one surgeon, the Hoffer Q formula was equal to the Holladay (P = .65) and SRK/T (P = .63) and more accurate than the SRK (P < .0001) and SRK II (P = .004) regression formulas using optimized personalization constants. The Hoffer Q formula may be clinically more accurate than the Holladay and SRK/T formulas in eyes shorter than 22.0 mm. Even the original nonpersonalized constant ACD Hoffer formula compared with SRK I (using the most valid possible optimized personal A-constant) has a better mean absolute error (0.56 versus 0.59) and a significantly better range of IOL prediction error (3.44 diopters [D] versus 7.31 D). The range of error of the Hoffer Q formula (3.59 D) was half that of SRK I (7.31 D). The highest IOL power errors in the 450 eyes were in the SRK II (3.14 D) and SRK I (6.14 D); the power error was 2.08 D using the Hoffer Q formula. The series using overall personalized ACD was more accurate than using an axial length subgroup personalized ACD in each axial length subgroup. The results strongly support replacing regression formulas with third-generation personalized theoretic formulas and carefully evaluating the Holladay, SRK/T, and Hoffer Q formulas.
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PMID:The Hoffer Q formula: a comparison of theoretic and regression formulas. 1718 72

Although available empirically derived and theoretical formulas perform adequately for eyes of average axial length, both have been shown to be deficient for eyes that have unusually short and long axial lengths. I developed a formula based on a theoretical model eye in which anterior chamber depth is related to axial length and keratometry. A relationship between the A-constant and a "lens factor" is also used to determine anterior chamber depth. The location of the intraocular lens' principle planes of refraction is retained as a relevant variable in the formula, and the user need not know the material and construction of the lens and or its constant. I compared the new formula with the SRK II, Holladay, and SRK/T formulas in a group of 100 unselected patients and in selected subgroups of patients with average, short, and long axial lengths. The new formula was significantly more accurate than the other third-generation formulas and maintained its accuracy in the subgroups. The formula can be described as universal because it can be used for different lens styles and for eyes with short, medium, and long axial lengths.
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PMID:An improved universal theoretical formula for intraocular lens power prediction. 827 Nov 66

Recent reports have shown that SLG, one of two genes linked to the S locus of Brassica, encodes a secreted glycoprotein. We have used RNA gel blot analysis, genomic and cDNA clone analysis, expression in transgenic plants, and immunodetection to characterize SLG2, the SLG gene derived from the S2 haplotype. This haplotype belongs to the class II group of S haplotypes that exhibit a weak incompatibility phenotype and are pollen recessive. We showed that SLG2 produces two transcript forms: the expected 1.6-kb transcript that predicts a secreted glycoprotein and an alternative 1.8-kb transcript that predicts a membrane-anchored protein. Stigmas of the S2 haplotype and pistils of transgenic tobacco plants transformed with the SLG2 gene produce a membrane-associated 62-kD protein as well as soluble 57- and 58-kD glycoforms. Because of the sequence similarity between SLG2 and the extracellular domain of the S Locus Receptor Kinase (SRK2) gene, the membrane-anchored form of SLG2 may be viewed as a naturally occurring truncated form of the receptor that lacks the kinase catalytic domain. The occurrence of this protein has potential implications for the activity of the full-length receptor. Furthermore, the underlying structure of the SLG2 gene suggests the evolution of SLG from an ancestral SRK-like gene.
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PMID:An alternative transcript of the S locus glycoprotein gene in a class II pollen-recessive self-incompatibility haplotype of Brassica oleracea encodes a membrane-anchored protein. 832 97

The oculometric features have been analysed in two groups of cataract patients, each comprising 30 subjects. All had undergone ECCE and insertion of biconvex Rayner 2 Superflex posterior chamber IOL. Using Binkhorst and SRK II routinely, the groups were given by a good fit between methods (discrepancy between emmetropia predictions numerically < 1 D) and a poor fit (actual discrepancy range 1.6-4.1 D, all with the same sign, the lower values being predicted by Binkhorst). A certain overlapping between groups was found regarding axial length and corneal curvature radius, the ranges being 21.5-25.1/22.7-29.9 mm and 7.3-8.5/7.2-8.1 mm, respectively. In contrast there was no overlapping regarding the ratio between axial length and corneal curvature radius; the ranges were 2.80-3.05 and 3.06-3.90 in the two groups. Evaluating the actual prediction errors by the two methods (follow-up after at least 4 months), they did not primarily pertain to very short or very long eyes, as usually advanced. Skew ratios between axial length and corneal curvature appeared more decisive. Possible implications for the current IOL prediction formulas, including the newer generations, are discussed.
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PMID:Intraocular lens prediction and oculometric harmony. With special reference to skew ratios between axial length and corneal curvature radius. 836 45

We compared the accuracy of keratometry and computerized videokeratography (CVK) for use in intraocular lens calculations. We studied 48 eyes of 45 patients having phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation. Computerized videokeratography was performed with the EyeSys Corneal Analysis System (ECAS). Using the SRK II, SRK/T, and Holladay formulas, we evaluated predictive accuracy calculated with keratometric values and four values derived from ECAS measurements. For each formula, the use of one of the CVK parameters resulted in lower mean absolute errors between actual and predicted postoperative refractive errors and higher percentages of cases with power prediction errors < 0.5 and < 1.0 diopters. Computerized videokeratography may provide a more accurate corneal curvature value than keratometry for use in intraocular lens calculations.
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PMID:Comparison of the accuracy of computerized videokeratography and keratometry for use in intraocular lens calculations. 845 Apr 41


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