Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biostability of polyurethanes was evaluated using a human neutrophil cell culture. The polymers were synthesized with 14C radiolabelled components incorporated into the polyurethane chain and the amount of radiolabel released during exposure to cells and medium was used as a marker for material degradation. The effect of diisocyanate, soft segment and chain extender chemistry on the susceptibility of polymer degradation was examined. All polymers showed a release of material into the tissue culture medium which was unrelated to the cells. A significant cell-dependent release of radiolabel-containing material was found from one of the polymers (a polyester urea-urethane, TDI/PCL/ED) which increased linearly up to 96 h. The polyether-containing polyurethanes showed no significant cell-mediated degradation under similar conditions as measured by radiolabel release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the cells adhered to the different polyurethanes. However, no effect of neutrophils on polymer structure could be detected by this technique. The cellular response to each polymer was evaluated by measuring release of elastase-like activity (ELA) into the tissue culture media. After 24h TDI/PCL/ED showed the highest levels of ELA in the tissue culture medium. When TDI/PCL/ED was incubated with commercial elastase in vitro, a significant release of radiolabel was found which was comparable to the amount of radiolabelled material released from this polymer in contact with the neutrophils in culture. No significant amount of radiolabel was released from the corresponding polyether material (TDI/PTMO/ED) under similar conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neutrophil-mediated degradation of segmented polyurethanes. 771 93

Aspirin-like drugs (ALD) induce calcium mobilization, an essential component of T cell activation, but do not induce the biosynthesis of IL-2. To understand the extent to which ALD may mimic mitogenic stimulation, we studied cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling steps in ALD-treated T cells. We found that ALD induce a transient activation of protein kinase (PKC) but have no effect (in comparison to anti-CD3 antibodies) on protein tyrosine phosphorylation nor on PCL gamma 1 tyrosine phosphorylation. ALD-induced calcium mobilization and PKC activation are independent of tyrosine protein kinase activity as shown by the lack of effect of herbimycin, a tyrosine-protein kinase-specific inhibitor. Although we detected no IL-2 mRNA in ALD-treated cells, the nuclei of these cells contain proteins capable of binding to three regulatory sequences in the IL-2 promoter region: NFAT, NF kappa B, and AP-1. These binding activities are expressed only in activated T cells. The expression of AP-1 depended on calcium mobilization and PKC activation. These data suggest that ALD cause transient but significant changes in T cell transmembrane signaling, although some events induced by stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies are not induced by ALD. The signal is transmitted to the nucleus and induces DNA-binding activity by several transcription factors. However, the ALD stimulus is not capable of causing complete T cell activation.
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PMID:Induction of transcription factors in human T lymphocytes by aspirin-like drugs. 772 85

Among mushrooms of Pleurotus cornucopiae two kinds of fruit bodies, lectin (PCL)-containing and -deficient, were found. The PCL-deficient fruit body was found to contain a 16.5-kDa protein, which was purified to homogeneity and crystallized. Properties of the protein were investigated in comparison with PCL. The protein consisted of four identical subunits each having a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa, which was close to that of PCL. Partial amino acid sequences of the two proteins were analyzed and some sequence homology was found, although the protein did not cross-react with anti-PCL serum and it was devoid of binding activity for mucin, an inhibitor of PCL. The 16.5-kDa protein was not found in vegetatively growing mycelia, indicating that the synthesis of the protein was developmentally regulated as was PCL. The results suggest that the 16.5-kDa protein was related to PCL.
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PMID:Isolation, crystallization, and characterization of a 16.5-kDa protein from fruit bodies of a lectin-deficient strain of Pleurotus cornucopiae. 776 90

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psychopathy as measured by The Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) and delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and personality disorders in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Thirty adolescent inpatients were assessed for psychopathy, delinquent behaviors, DSM-III-R Axis I disorders, and personality disorders using the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R), the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA-R), and the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SIDP-R). Significant relationships were noted between elevated PCL-R psychopathy scores and delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. The validity of the PCL-R as a measure of psychopathy in adolescence was supported. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the clinical application of the PCL-R to adolescent populations.
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PMID:Adolescent psychopathy in relation to delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and personality disorders. 778 47

This study was performed to make a normal standard by analyzing normal knee movement in detail. An open low-field unit was used for 23 healthy knee joints. With three-dimensional Fourier transformation (3DFT) gradient echo sequence, 50 sagittal slices of 4.5 mm in thickness were obtained at four flexion angles: 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees (lateral position). Although the tension ratio of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL) increased during knee flexion, the change in the tension ratio was significantly different between the ACL and PCL. The femur-ACL angle and femur-PCL angle were parallel with the knee flexion angle, but the tibia-ACL angle and tibia PCL angle changed complexly. The lateral and medial condyles rolled and slid during knee flexion, and the medial side moved more than the lateral side, consistent with rotation of the lower thigh. The difference in backward movement distance on the tibia between the two condyles was significantly larger in females than in males. This might explain the dominance of knee osteoarthritis in women. Although the lateral position is not completely physiological, we could show initial cinematic data of up to 90 degrees of knee flexion using open-type MRI, which is impossible with high- and middle-field machines.
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PMID:Analysis of knee movement with low-field MR equipment--a normal volunteer study. 780 8

Ketoprofen-loaded microspheres made with a polymeric blend were prepared by a spray-drying technique. Organic solutions of two polymers, cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), in different weight ratios, and of ketoprofen (Ket) were prepared and sprayed, in different experimental conditions, achieving drug-loaded microspheres. The obtained spray-dried microspheres were characterized in terms of yield of production, shape, size, surface properties and drug content, and their in vitro drug release behaviours were determined at different pH values.
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PMID:Cellulose acetate butyrate and polycaprolactone for ketoprofen spray-dried microsphere preparation. 793 38

In cases of an ectopic lens (e.g. Marfan Syndrome) with elongated zonular fibers, the lens can be partially emulsified. This can be done in such a way that it leaves behind a diaphragm consisting of zonular fibers and posterior capsule which is strong enough to support a posterior chamber lens. In cases of traumatically subluxated lenses intercapsular phacoemulsification can be done. The zonular dialysis can be fixed by suturing the capsule directly into the sulcus. The PCL can then be implanted either into the capsular bag or into the sulcus. Suture fixation of a posterior capsule is also possible as a reconstructive measure in previously extracapsular operated eyes.
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PMID:Phacoemulsification of the subluxated or atopic lens. 795 46

At the present time, our understanding of the PCL still lags behind that of the ACL. This knowledge gap has narrowed over the past few years, however, as more basic research has shed new light on the complex anatomy and functional mechanical behavior of the PCL and the nearby capsuloligamentous structures. Recent insights have included recognition that the PCL is composed of a fiber continuum rather than morphologically separate bands or bundles, a better appreciation of the predominantly nonisometric behavior of the intact PCL, and a greater awareness of the PCLs importance in preserving normal articular kinematics. Continued advances in the basic science of the PCL are a prerequisite for improvements in the treatment and rehabilitation of its injury.
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PMID:Anatomy and function of the posterior cruciate ligament. 795 79

An accurate diagnosis of an isolated PCL injury may be difficult, especially in the acute setting. A detailed history emphasizing the mechanism of injury is crucial as is a careful, complete examination of the knee. Plain and stress radiographs may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis; however, MR imaging is currently the most sensitive ancillary study available to evaluate the integrity of the posterior cruciate ligament. Failure to recognize and treat appropriately an isolated PCL disruption may result in the development of symptomatic irreversible articular surface injury.
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PMID:Isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. History, mechanism of injury, physical findings, and ancillary tests. 795 80

The treatment of isolated PCL tears remains controversial. Potential exists for long-term subjective and radiographic deterioration with non-operative treatment. The general consensus for treating combined instabilities that involve the PCL is a surgical reconstruction. The authors would also consider a reconstruction in the isolated grade 2 or greater PCL tear for the high demand patient. Because the results of reconstruction are not as certain or predictable for posterior laxity as they are for anterior laxity, caution is in order, however. Patient selection remains critical and may warrant an attempt at nonoperative treatment initially with continued close follow-up to locate those patients, whether subjectively or radiographically, who do poorly. It is these latter patients who would most likely benefit from an autogenous patellar tendon PCL reconstruction for their isolated laxity. Continued follow-up of both non-operative and operative treatments are needed so we can further refine our current recommendations. Future research should include both prospective natural history studies of acute isolated PCL tears treated non-operatively as well as the long-term results of different operative treatments. Sufficient patient numbers and an objective methodology for patient evaluation must be included in studies of these treatments.
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PMID:Methodist Sports Medicine Center's experience with acute and chronic isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. 795 81


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