Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven acutely injured knees and 13 normal knees were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the value of this modality in detecting acute ligamentous injury of the knee. The presence of torn ligaments in the injured knees was determined by arthroscopy and/or arthrotomy in ten cases and clinical follow-up in one case. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) were demonstrated by sagittal spin echo (SE) images through the intercondylar notch (TE = 30 ms; TR = 2,000 ms). The tibial and fibular collateral ligaments (TCL and FCL) were evaluated on coronal SE images (TE = 30 ms, TR = 200 or 530 ms; TE = 120 ms, TR = 2,000 or 2,120 ms). The ACL and PCL were considered torn on MR if they appeared disrupted or were not seen in their normal anatomical positions. The collateral ligaments were considered torn if abnormal high-intensity signal was noted in adjacent soft tissues on TE = 120 ms images or if disruption of a ligament was apparent. Eleven of 15 torn ligaments and 80 of 81 normal ligaments were correctly identified by these criteria. It is concluded that MR imaging may be useful in detecting acute injury of ligaments of the knee.
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PMID:Acute injury of the ligaments of the knee: magnetic resonance evaluation. 396 76

A computer graphics technique was employed to investigate the ligament constraints in the knee joint. A computer-assisted tomography scan system was employed to obtain the geometry of the knee and the ligament insertion locations. A cadaver knee was mounted in a special rig that kept the femur and the tibia in a specified position. The scans of the knee at 5-mm distances were recorded. These scans were projected in the computer to generate a data base for the tibia, the femur, and the tibial and femoral insertion locations for the various ligaments. The computer graphics analysis provides realistic views of the bone structures. The views compare favorably with the original CT scans. Interestingly, the scans near the ligament insertion site were clearly observed to have a higher bone density. Higher density was also observed at the intercondylar notch below the patella. The analysis was used to simulate ACL and PCL insufficiencies. A Lachman test at 25 degrees of flexion is a sensitive test for ACL insufficiency, whereas the 90 degrees drawer test may not be a sensitive indicator of PCL insufficiency. This computer graphics technique may prove useful in the design and development of artificial ligaments as well as in planning surgical procedures.
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PMID:Computer-assisted analysis of ligament constraints in the knee. 399 34

Twenty knee dislocations in 19 patients (one bilateral) occurred over a period of 20 years. The age range was 21 to 65 years, with an average age of 40.8 years. There were two popliteal artery and eight peroneal nerve injuries in the group. All patients were managed by early closed reduction at the scene of the accident or at the admitting hospital. Treatment consisted of 13 acute arthrotomies with complete ligamentous repair, one partial ligament repair, two delayed repairs, and four cast applications. Both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were torn in each knee surgically examined. In contrast to cruciate injuries in nondislocated knees, avulsion of bone of the PCL was present in 14 of 16 and of the ACL in ten of 16. Complete follow-up study including examination and radiographic evaluation was obtained on 18 knees in 17 patients. Special investigations of 13 with acute complete ligament repair, followed from 12 months to 48 months (average of 24 months), showed loss of joint motion following this injury. Clinical instability was generally not a problem, but chronic pain and discomfort were present in 46%. The average knee diagnostic score was 43. Seventy-seven percent of the patients returned to vigorous sports activities. Early operative repair followed by cast bracing and manipulation at three months (if flexion was less than 90 degrees) is recommended in young, active patients.
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PMID:Complete knee dislocation. A follow-up study of operative treatment. 402 70

Report on the changes in the corneal refractive power of 284 eyes surgically treated for cataract, in which an IOL had been implanted. The mean corneal refractive power of the eyes was 43.31 +/- 1.43 D preoperatively and 43.39 +/- 1.46 D postoperatively (16th week). The postoperative astigmatism of 215 eyes in which a PCL had been implanted after ECCE was not higher than 1.1 +/- 1.1 D in the 16th postoperative week after selected removal of the nylon sutures. This study demonstrates that there is no statistically significant change in the mean corneal refractive power after cataract surgery with IOL implantation.
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PMID:[Change in corneal refractive power following artificial lens implantation]. 408 4

The clinical and laboratory studies of 6 patients with primary plasma cell leukaemia are described. The leukaemic cells had a variable morphology, ranging from lymphoplasmacytic and mature plasma cells to poorly differentiated blasts. The neoplastic plasma cells had a characteristic phenotype: they were positive for CyIg and the McAb OKT10 and Ri-3, and did not express the B-cell antigens Ia, B1 and B4. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the plasma cell nature of the leukaemic cells and showed the presence of a meshwork of cytoplasmic fibrils in 50 to 90% of the neoplastic cells from all cases. The distinct ultrastructural and immunological features of PCL described in this study will help the diagnosis and further characterisation of this disease entity.
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PMID:Primary plasma cell leukaemia: immunological and ultrastructural studies in 6 cases. 408 35

Eighteen eyes containing an intraocular lens (IOL) removed post mortem from 16 patients after an uncomplicated postoperative course of up to 50 months, and 2 IOLs removed intraoperatively were studied macroscopically, histologically and ultrastructurally to detect changes in the lenses themselves and in the surrounding ocular tissues. Various types of lens-loop degradation, erosion of the iris pigment epithelium with formation of posterior synechiae and pressure atrophy of the iris stroma were found, but there was little evidence of iritis. A mixed cell population containing many foreign-body giant cells had settled on most lenses, some of which were encased in membranes. The loops of one Sinskey PCL had penetrated the ciliary body and iris root to reach the trabecular meshwork. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:[Perilenticular tissue changes in intraocular lenses worn without complications]. 637 73

During 1961-75, 128 cases of primary liver carcinoma (PLC) in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation life-span study extended sample and 301 cases of liver cirrhosis in the pathology study sample were observed. The presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was assessed in all of the cases with the use of orcein and aldehyde fuchsin stains and was confirmed by the immunofluorescence technique. The incidence of PLC was two times higher in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima, which was statistically significant, but little difference was noted in the prevalence of cirrhosis in the two cities. Findings that might possibly explain the higher PLC incidence in Nagasaki were 1) the 2.3 times higher presence in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima of HBsAg in the livers of subjects without liver disease and 2) the two times higher prevalence in Nagasaki than in Hiroshima of cirrhosis with PLC. We believe that the higher incidence of PLC in Nagasaki is attributable to hepatitis B virus infection, although other factors (e.g., immunologic competence affected by radiation) cannot be excluded. In both cities, a suggestive relationship of radiation dose to cirrhosis prevalence, but not to PCL prevalence, was noted. To clarify possible radiation effects on cirrhosis prevalence, further follow-up of the populations of these two cities is necessary.
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PMID:Primary liver carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in atomic bomb survivors, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1961-75, with special reference to hepatitis B surface antigen. 675 25

Crude toxin was prepared by lyophilization and extraction of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa from four natural sources and a unicellular laboratory culture. The responses of cultures of liver (Mahlavu and PCL/PRF/5), lung (MRC-5), cervix (HeLa), ovary (CHO-K1), and kidney (BGM, MA-104, and Vero) cell lines to these preparations did not differ significantly from one another, indicating that toxicity was not specific for liver cells. The results of a trypan blue staining test showed that the toxin disrupted cell membrane permeability within a few minutes. Human, mouse, rat, sheep, and Muscovy duck erythrocytes were also lysed within a few minutes. Hemolysis was temperature dependent, and the reaction seemed to follow first-order kinetics. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Tetrahymena pyriformis were not significantly affected by the toxin. The toxin yielded negative results in Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Microtiter cell culture, trypan blue, and hemolysis assays for Microcystis toxin are described. The effect of the toxin on mammalian cell cultures was characterized by extensive disintegration of cells and was distinguishable from the effects of E. coli enterotoxin, toxic chemicals, and pesticides. A possible reason for the acute lethal effect of Microcystis toxin, based on cytolytic activity, is discussed.
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PMID:Microcystis aeruginosa toxin: cell culture toxicity, hemolysis, and mutagenicity assays. 680 21

Total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB) was used in the treatment of 33 patients with lymphoma and 13 patients with leukemia involving extensive segments of the skin surface. Twenty-two of 23 had skin lesions as a primary manifestation of lymphoma (primary cutaneous lymphoma--PCL) and 11 developed cutaneous lesions following disseminated nodal lymphoma (secondary cutaneous lymphoma--SCL). A once weekly fractionation scheme was employed to irradiate the entire skin surface with 3.5 to 4 MeV electron beam from a 6 MeV linear accelerator. During each weekly session, 400 rad were delivered to the entire skin and a complete course consisted of 4-6 consecutive weekly sessions. The majority of patients have been previously treated elsewhere for various periods and all patients have been at risk for a median of 12 months, range from 12-117 months following TSEB. Striking predominance of the diffuse pattern (76%) was demonstrated in both the PCL and SCL. There was extracutaneous involvement in 63% (13/22) of the PCL, nodal or visceral at onset of TSEB; median follow-up was 24 months, range 6-117 months; 20/22 (90%) of all patients obtained prompt relief of symptoms and complete regression of cutaneous lesions. Duration of cutaneous remission ranged from 6-96 months, median 18 months; in general, duration was adversely influenced by the presence of visceral involvement at onset of TSEB. Although cutaneous response among the patients with SCL and leukemia was equally good, many of these patients were treated for palliation because of rapid progression of their disease. Once weekly treatments were highly effective, well-tolerated and no untoward immediate or late effects have been noted in the bone marrow or normal skin irradiated.
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PMID:Total skin electron beam therapy for cutaneous lymphomas and leukemias. 714 34

Delineation of the cruciate ligaments in 112 patients using the computed tomography under arthrographic conditions was reported. Special position were used allowing for the demonstration of both cruciate ligaments in their complete lengths. In 6.2% of the examinations a reliable demonstration of the cruciates was not possible for technical reasons. Demonstration of normal cruciate ligaments in CT arthrography was described and normal values were tabulated. Recent cruciate ligament injuries were seldom examined by CT arthrography since the clinical symptoms were mostly unequivocal. The old ruptures of the ACL were divided into 4 different types: Type I: Rupture of the femoral origin that adjoins the PCL. Type II: Attenuation of the intraligamentary ruptured ligament with a preservation of origin and insertion. Type III: Complete rupture with shrinking and retraction of the fragments. Type IV: Osseous involvement of the femoral origin or tibial insertion. In 36 old cruciate ligament ruptures, the sensitivity of this method of investigation was 97%, the specificity 100%. After reconstructive surgery, CT arthrography allows for an objective analysis of the operative results and permits the comparison of different techniques of surgical repair.
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PMID:Evaluation of the cruciate ligaments by CT. 733 29


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