Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The responses to moving stimuli of single cells in the parvo- and magnocellular layers (PCL and MCL) of the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) have been studied. PCL cells respond with a monophasic increase or decrease in firing when a bar passes across the receptive field, according to the wavelength composition of the stimulus. MCL cells respond with a biphasic sequence of excitation and suppression or vice versa dependent on whether a cell is on-centre or off-centre and on stimulus contrast direction. With large stimuli, PCL cells respond as long as the stimulus covers the receptive field while MCL cells respond only at the contrast borders. MCL cell responses are maximal with bars just long enough to cover the field centre, while PCL cell responses show a variable relation with bar length, depending on stimulus wavelength and receptive field structure. PCL cells show broad velocity tuning while at least some MCL cells were more sharply tuned. Many cells in the macaque LGN show weak orientation or direction preference.
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PMID:The responses of magno- and parvocellular cells of the monkey's lateral geniculate body to moving stimuli. 11 Jun 14

Physical and in vivo (burned rat model) evaluations as wound coverings were performed for 1) a freeze-dried collagen/poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) film laminate, 2) a freeze-dried PCL "foam"/PCL film laminate, and 3) a heat-dried collagen/PCL film laminate. Porcine skin and cadaver skin were also evaluated in vivo for the purpose of comparison. Water-vapor transmission rates and Young's moduli were measured. The degree of adherence of the coverings to the wound were measured. Grafts which became significantly adherent (greater than 150 dyne/cm2) to the wound within 1 day were most successful in promoting the formation of a viable tissue bed which appeared ready to accept further grafting. The force required to remove the PCL foam laminate from a full-thickness excision wound was found to increase from 170 dyne/cm2 on the first day postgraft to 1500 dyne/cm2 by the tenth day. The force required to remove freeze-dried collagen laminate remained constant at 200 dyne/cm2 over the 10 day test period. For the heat-dried collagen laminate, a force of only 50 dyne/cm2 was required on day 1, increasing to 200 dyne/cm2 on day 6. Insensible water-loss rates of animals grafted with the laminates were found to be similar to those from animals with human cadaver skin grafts and less than that from animals with porcine skin grafts. When moistened, the laminates prepared using the freeze-dried materials were flexible and somewhat transparent permitting observation of the wound.
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PMID:Evaluation of wound-covering materials. 32 88

Two cases of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), apparently of different etiologies, were found at autopsy in cancer patients. One case was associated with chronic obstructive lung disease and with emphysema of soft tissues of the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and mesentery, whereas the other showed pseudomembranous enteritis with bacterial and fungal overgrowths. The latter case supports the role of gas-forming bacteria, while the former provides an anatomical evidence of pulmonary disease as a cause of PCL. Obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the occurrence of PCI by a complication of aspiration pneumonitis or disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the intestine as well as an increase of the intraluminal pressure. In addition to the etiologic considerations, the importance of clinical diagnosis of PCI has been emphasized since both cases in the present report were more or less related to the cause of death.
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PMID:Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Autopsy study of two fatal cases in adults. 68 93

This prospective study evaluated the athletes with chronic instability of the knees using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthetic ligament as a substitute for the ACL and PCL preoperatively and at regular intervals during the post-operative period. Thirty Gore-Tex ACL and four Gore-Tex PCL reconstruction were performed. All patients had chronic instability of the knee joint for a duration of one month to five years (average 15.7 months). There were thirty-one males and three females, most of them were football players (63%). The average follow-up was 23 months postoperation. Ninety-seven per cent of the patients had satisfactory results. Objectively the instability pattern was improved in 97 per cent of the knees and subjectively, no pain persisted post operatively. Rejection occurred in one patient. The results indicated excellent stability of the affected knee joint. However, longevity of the prosthesis under the wide variety of loading conditions in athletes remains to be determined by continuing clinical study.
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PMID:Gore-Tex cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes. 129 57

Psychopathy ratings that employed the PCL-R (Hare, 1985, 1991) were compared in one clinical and three research samples (total N = 285). Differences among the samples were not related to whether ratings were completed under the expressed promise of confidentiality of a research context vs. a pre-parole psychological assessment. The problem of decision errors in prediction is highlighted to address the difficulty in integrating the PCL-R into correctional policy. General issues related to the clinical application of the PCL-R also are discussed.
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PMID:The clinical application of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a prison population. 140 Nov 49

Twenty-two fresh-frozen specimens were used to measure tensions generated in selected bands of the major ligaments of the flexed knee (40-90 degrees) when an axially prerotated tibia is subjected to passive anterior shear and when an anteriorly pretranslated tibia is subjected to passive axial torque. The tensions were measured using the buckle transducer attached to the anteromedial band of the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL (am)], the posterior fibers of the posterior cruciate ligament [PCL (pf)], the long fibers of the medial collateral ligament [MCL (lf)], and in the total lateral collateral ligament [LCL]. The knee specimens were subjected to the combined motions in a 6-df passive loading apparatus. The results indicated that the joint resistance to anterior translation increased markedly with internal prerotation and only marginally with external prerotation. This increase in joint resistance, however, was associated with a decrease in ACL function. It has been inferred that the posterior structures, capsular and meniscal, contribute significantly to joint resistance when the tibia is prerotated in either sense. For internal prerotation, the interference between the medial femoral condyle and the central tibial eminence was found to be an additional mechanism of resistance to anterior translation. Also, it has been found that although the ACL (am) tension increased with internal rotation in the normal case, it decreased with internal rotation in the presence of an anterior pretranslation. It is concluded that ACL response to combined joint motion cannot be ascertained by a simple summation of its responses to individual motions.
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PMID:Ligament tension pattern in the flexed knee in combined passive anterior translation and axial rotation. 140

By making anterior and posterior drawer tests using "Laxity tester" is an objective way to evaluate the resting position of tibia plateau and knee laxity. This study followed up 16 cases of PCL reconstructed or pull-out repaired knees for an average of two years and seven months. A force of 20 1b was applied to evaluate knee laxity at 30 degree and 90 degree knee flexion. From paired t-test, the stability of reconstructed knees was not statistically different from that of control contralateral normal knees. The functional scores measured by the Gillquist scoring system for injured knees after reconstruction were satisfactory. Therefore the restabilized PCL deficient knees by the modified Clancy method or pull-out repair yielded good evaluation scores. The data of contralateral normal knee laxity obtained in this study was used as reference in pre-operative and post-operative evaluation of PCL injured knee.
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PMID:Instrumented laxity test for the evaluation of posterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knee. 140 33

We investigated the effects of flecainide on guinea pig atrial muscle. Using Langendorff's method, the whole heart of a guinea pig was perfused with Tyrode's solution containing acetylcholine (3 x 10(-7) M). Then, with right atrial extrastimulus and high frequency pacing method, the following values were measured before and after administration of flecainide (10(-7)-10(-5) M). A) Effective refractory period (ERP); the longest coupling interval which failed to produce right atrial activity at premature stimulus. B) Interatrial conduction time (ACT); After right atrial stimuli by trains at PCL 200 ms for 5 min the interval from the stimulation to the first deflection of the left atrial activity. C) Atrial fibrillation threshold (AFT); the minimal amount of current required to induce atrial fibrillation lasting for more than 30 sec by 50 Hz high frequency stimulation. Flecainide lengthened ERP (> or = 3 x 10(-5) M) and ACT (> or = 10(-7) M). Flecainide (10(-5) M) significantly increased AFT which correlated well with ERP (r = 0.81, p < 0.002) and ACT (r = 0.84, p < 0.002). In conclusion these effects of flecainide on guinea pig atrium might explain in part the clinical effectiveness of the drug on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
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PMID:[Electrophysiologic effects of flecainide on guinea pig atrium]. 143 73

Twelve patients with swelling and functional embarrassment of the knee joint caused by a traffic accident were radiographically found to have tibial plateau fractures (7 patients), posterior dislocation (1), fracture of anterior tibial spine (1), single fracture of the posterior tibial spine (1), anterior dislocation (1), and negative findings (1). Arthroscopy was performed 2 to 10 days after trauma, revealed associated injuries not shown on X-ray films in every knee including rupture of cruciate ligaments (ACL 8, PCL 1), tear of menisci (lateral one 8; medial one 2), and disruption of collateral ligaments (medial one 3; lateral 1). These injuries were promptly treated accordingly either through the scope or by open operation. Beside, inadequately reduced bone fragments, viewed through the scope, were further corrected incidentally and conveniently. We believe that early arthroscopy for acute knee injury is a real necessity in perfecting diagnosis and improving treatment.
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PMID:[Early arthroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute injury of the knee]. 149 32

Approximately 1% of the total population referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee at our facility have cystic changes at or near the attachment of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL). Cases were collected prospectively from a group of 1710 consecutive knee MR examinations, and a retrospective study analyzed the typical appearance of these cysts and any associated findings. Although most of the cysts were an incidental finding, two were associated with significant adjacent marrow edema.
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PMID:The prevalence and significance of cyst-like changes at the cruciate ligament attachments in the knee. 152 31


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