Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of histamine (H) and H1-, H2-receptor blocking agents was studied on natural (NCMC) and lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from eight healthy subjects on HEP-2 adherent human epipharynx carcinoma target cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by detachment from the monolayer of 3H-TdR-prelabelled HEp-2 cells. LDCC was evaluated in a 24 h assay with a Concanavalin A (Con A) dose of 25 micrograms/ml at 50:1 effector-target cell ratio. Under these conditions, but without Con A, considerable NCMC was not elicited by normal lymphocytes. The presence of histamine and the H2-receptor blocker cimetidine resulted in a significant NCMC to HEp-2 cells. On the contrary, histamine and cimetidine reduced LDCC. The H1-receptor blocker clemastine had no significant effect on either NCMC or LDCC to HEp-2 targets. The possible involvement of H2-receptor bearing cells in the regulation of cytotoxicity to HEp-2 cells is suggested.
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PMID:Effect of histamine-receptor blocking on human natural and lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against adherent HEP-2 cells. 401 22

A major egg glycoprotein (MEG) was purified from a crude soluble extract of Schistosoma mansoni ova (Egyptian strain) by successive steps of lectin affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Radioiodinated MEG exhibited a single precipitation band upon immunodiffusion against antiserum from chronically infected mice, and ran as a single band on PAGE (Rf 0.38) and SDS-PAGE (Rf 0.36). Its estimated m.w. was 70,000. The degree of stage and species specificity of MEG and the effect of various treatments on its serologic reactivity were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). A low degree of cross-reactivity between MEG and similarly prepared soluble antigens from adult worms and cercariae was demonstrated by RIA inhibition tests, whereas a high degree of cross-reactivity was found between MEG and a crude soluble S. haematobium egg antigen. In similar RIA inhibition tests, the Puerto Rican S. mansoni had a lower degree of cross-reactivity with S. haematobium than the Egyptian strain. MEG was four times more abundant in SEA from a Puerto Rican strain of S. mansoni than in SEA from the Egyptian strain. The serologic reactivity of MEG was stable to heat at 100 degrees C for 60 min, to 0.1 N NaOH or HCl, and to 10% TCA. Treatment of MEG with pronase caused a limited fragmentation of the molecule and some loss of its serologic reactivity. Periodate oxidation resulted in a substantial loss of molecular mass and of serologic reactivity, leaving a low residual activity that is only partially cross-reactive with the bulk of MEG. These results suggest the importance of both carbohydrate and peptide moieties of MEG for its serologic reactivity.
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PMID:Characterization of a purified glycoprotein from Schistosoma mansoni eggs: specificity, stability, and the involvement of carbohydrate and peptide moieties in its serologic activity. 617 18

Reduced cellular immune response is well documented in patients with advanced breast cancer. To investigate immunocompetence at the time of diagnosis, 104 patients with breast cancer staged according to the TNM classification were studied preoperatively and compared with 95 age matched healthy women. Tests of blood mononuclear leukocytes included lymphocyte and monocyte counts, determination of rosette forming T (SER +) and B (MER +) lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies (Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a) and with lectin fractionation (soybean agglutinin, SBA), lymphocyte transformation tests with PHA and ConA and colony formation of T cells in agar (TL-CFC). Two age groups (A: 30-50, B: 51-70 years) and the different tumor stages (I-IV) were analyzed. Patients and controls did not differ in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, T and B cells. In patients of group B the absolute number of monocytes was slightly increased in stages II and III and significantly in stage IV (p less than 0.025). Similarly, the lymphocyte response to PHA was significantly reduced in stage IV group B only (p less than 0.05). ConA induced lymphocyte proliferation and TL-CFC capacity were not different in patients and controls. In the small number of patients and age matched controls, in whom T lymphocyte subsets were determined, the relative numbers of T cells with helper or suppressor phenotype as defined with Leu-3a, Leu-2a, or SBA were similar. In conclusion, in breast cancer, at the time of diagnosis, blood T lymphocyte populations and functions are not altered except in elderly patients with disseminated disease. The monocytosis and reduced PHA responsiveness observed in the latter group may be related phenomena.
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PMID:[Intact cellular immune response in patients with locally metastasizing breast carcinoma at the time of diagnosis]. 622 73

Although conditioned medium (CM) from human lymphocytes or mononuclear cells is the most readily available source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) for human T cell culture, its IL-2 activity in our experience is inconsistent. It is likely that this is, at least in part, due to the presence of toxic substances in the CM. Using CM from TPA/SEA induced human mononuclear cells, we have found that acid treatment (pH 2.0, greater than 30 min) significantly improves its ability to promote T cell growth. It is postulated that the selection process which occurs in cultures of mitogen stimulated T cells may result in cells which are sensitive to mitogen-induced lymphotoxins and that these are inactivated by the acid treatment. Since acid treatment did not similarly improve the T cell growth promoting ability of PHA induced, lectin-free commercial IL-2, there must be other differences between it and our CM, which play a role in T cell growth.
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PMID:Acid treatment enhances IL-2 activity of conditioned medium. 636 68

The cell-surface expression of sialic acids in wild-type Crithidia fasciculata and three drug-resistant mutants (FU(R)11, TR3, and TFRR1) was analyzed using fluorescein-labeled Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA) binding, glycosidase of known sugar specificity, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using both electron-impact (EI-MS) and chemical ionization (CI-MS) by isobutane with selected ion monitoring (SIM) was also used. The surface location of sialic acid was inferred from LPA binding to whole cells abrogated by previous treatment with neuraminidase. An exception occurred with the TFRR1 strain, which after incubation with neuraminidase showed increased reactivity with the fluorescent lectin. Both N-acetyl- and N-O-diacetyl-neuraminic acids were identified in the flagellates by TLC, with a clear predominance being noted for the former derivative. However, the content of N-O-diacetyl-neuraminic acid was preferentially found in the TFRR1 strain. The GC-MS analysis of the acidic component of the TFRR1 mutant strain confirmed the occurrence of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by the presence of the diagnostic ions (m/z values: 684 and 594 for CI-MS and 478, 298, and 317 for EI-MS) and also by comparison with the standard Neu5Ac retention time. GC-MS analysis also showed fragments (m/z values: 654 and 564 for CI-MS and 594, 478, 298, and 317 for EI-MS) expected for the 7-O- and 9-O-acetyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids (Neu5,7Ac2 and Neu 5,9Ac2, respectively).
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PMID:Occurrence of N-acetyl- and N-O-diacetyl-neuraminic acid derivatives in wild and mutant Crithidia fasciculata. 750 43

The complete amino acid sequence of a lectin-related 16.5-kDa protein (PCL-RP) isolated from fruit bodies of a lectin-deficient strain of P. cornucopiae is presented. The sequences of six out of the seven peptides generated by digestion with lysylendopeptidase and four of the five peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage were completely analyzed. Overlapping peptides were obtained by arginylendopeptidase digestion. PCL-RP was a single-chain protein consisting of 144 amino acid residues and its N-terminal serine was blocked with acetate. A proline-rich sequence was found in the carboxyl terminal portion. The N-terminal sequence of PCL-RP showed some homology with those of two known Basidiomycete lectins.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence of a lectin-related 16.5-kDa protein isolated from fruit bodies of a lectin-deficient strain of Pleurotus cornucopiae. 762 42

We report that the activation of porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by lectin concanavalin A (Con A) led to the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation on 84-, 72-, 55-, 40-, and 33-kDa proteins. A non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK), p72syk (Taniguchi et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15790-15796), was detected in PBL around 0.1% of total protein and distributed in both particulate and cytosolic fractions. Furthermore, Con A induced a rapid activation of p72syk within 1 min in a manner similar to the time course of Con A-induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that p72syk plays a certain role in the activation of PBL and that p72syk may be one of the major non-receptor PTKs in T cells as well as in B cells.
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PMID:The lectin concanavalin A stimulates a protein-tyrosine kinase p72syk in peripheral blood lymphocytes. 768 42

Xenopus laevis interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) contains a relatively aqueous insoluble wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-binding component containing unidentified sialoglycoconjugates (Wood et al [1984] J. Comp. Neurol. 228:299-307). The appearance of WGA-binding macromolecules in the IPM was assessed during late embryonic stages (32-45) and in retinal rudiment cultures, using lectin cytochemistry and Western blotting techniques. Metabolic labeling of the neural retina versus retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid of juvenile Xenopus with 35S-MET was also evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Lectin cytochemistry of eyes from developmental stages 32-42 demonstrated distinct WGA-ferritin-binding sites on the developing outer segment membranes and in the IPM compartment. At stages 44-46 extensive WGA-binding domains were present as an extracellular network with other randomly scattered domains near the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal rudiments from stage 32-33 were isolated and allowed to differentiate in hanging drop culture (Hollyfield and Witkowsky [1974] J. Exp. Zool. 189:357-377) with or without an investing pigment epithelium. Cultures developing with RPE exhibited an elaborate IPM with an anastomosing meshwork of WGA-ferritin binding sites. In the absence of RPE only limited amounts of binding restricted to the immediate vicinity of the developing photoreceptor outer segment membranes was observed. When Western blots were probed with WGA-HRP, stage 32-45 retinas demonstrated a major WGA-binding band of 126 kD. Similar amounts of WGA-binding macromolecules were synthesized in preparations cultured in the presence or absence of the investing RPE. During development the major WGA-binding component is a 126-kD protein. Equivalent synthesis of this protein in the presence and absence of RPE suggests that the PE is not required for synthesis of this 126-kD component. These results suggest that the retina is the primary site of synthesis of the WGA-binding components of the Xenopus IPM, whereas the PE plays a principal role in their assembly and organization.
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PMID:Development of the interphotoreceptor matrix in Xenopus laevis. 771 7

Among mushrooms of Pleurotus cornucopiae two kinds of fruit bodies, lectin (PCL)-containing and -deficient, were found. The PCL-deficient fruit body was found to contain a 16.5-kDa protein, which was purified to homogeneity and crystallized. Properties of the protein were investigated in comparison with PCL. The protein consisted of four identical subunits each having a molecular mass of 16.5 kDa, which was close to that of PCL. Partial amino acid sequences of the two proteins were analyzed and some sequence homology was found, although the protein did not cross-react with anti-PCL serum and it was devoid of binding activity for mucin, an inhibitor of PCL. The 16.5-kDa protein was not found in vegetatively growing mycelia, indicating that the synthesis of the protein was developmentally regulated as was PCL. The results suggest that the 16.5-kDa protein was related to PCL.
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PMID:Isolation, crystallization, and characterization of a 16.5-kDa protein from fruit bodies of a lectin-deficient strain of Pleurotus cornucopiae. 776 90

Cek8 is a receptor-type tyrosine kinase gene that was identified by screening a 10 day chicken embryo library with a DNA probe corresponding to the related kinase Cek4 (Sajjadi & Pasquale, 1993). Here we report the characterization of the Cek8 protein and its expression in embryonic tissues and tumor cell lines. The 120 kd Cek8 protein is detected early in embryogenesis, is developmentally regulated and preferentially, but not exclusively, expressed in neural tissues. In the stage 24 chick embryo, Cek8 immunoreactivity is prominent in the spinal cord and spinal nerves. At embryonic day 6, Cek8 expression becomes concentrated to the ventral portion of the spinal nerves, suggesting a role in axonogenesis of specific subsets of neurons. Cek8 is expressed in nearly all of the tumor cell lines examined, including cell lines derived from tumors of the central nervous system. Although the phosphorylation on tyrosine of Cek8 during development is moderate or undetectable, Cek8 is substantially phosphorylated on tyrosine (and thus presumably activated) in many of the transformed cell lines. Because of its high frequency of expression in tumor cell lines, Cek8 differs from previously investigated Eph-related kinases. However, as we show, Cek8 is not unique among the Eph-related kinases: another member of the Eph subclass, Cek5, has similar patterns of expression and phosphorylation in tumor cells. Based on its binding to a variety of lectin columns, Cek8 contains complex N-linked oligosaccharides. Cross-linking of Cek8 molecules on the cell surface with wheat germ agglutinin caused their rapid phosphorylation on tyrosine. Autophosphorylation on tyrosine is typically the first step in the activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase by a ligand.
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PMID:Characterization of the expression of the Cek8 receptor-type tyrosine kinase during development and in tumor cell lines. 793 61


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