Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) influences the cell by activation of its specific cell receptor (EGFR). It is regarded as one of the most effective mitogenic factors and plays a role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was the assessment of EGF expression in different types of cerebral neoplasms and searching for its correlation with histopathologic features of malignancy and presence of peritumoral oedema. Sixty seven samples of brain tumours were examined. Among them were 17 meningiomas, 34 gliomas and 16 metastases. Expression of EGF was estimated by a radioimmune assay. The authors found the presence of EGF in all types of tumours. No correlation was found between expression of EGF and histopathological signs of tumour malignancy, although a tendency appeared towards a higher level of that factor in anaplastic tumours. Also, no correlation was found between EGF and peritumoral oedema.
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Epidermal growth factor expression in brain neoplasms]. 1131 93

Activity of cathepsin B using Bz-DL-Arg-pNA contents of SH-group by means of Ellman method, activity of cystatins against papain using casein as a substrate and contents of deoxyribonuclein acids by Burton method were determined in 64 placentas of pregnancies with EPH-gestosis and in 36 placentas of physiological pregnancies. The placentas from pregnancies with EPH-gestosis showed markedly higher activity of cathepsin B, no difference in the contents of SH-group, slightly higher activity of cystatins and they contain less deoxyribonucleic acids than the placentas from physiological pregnancies. The obtained results show that proteolytic--anti-proteolytic balance in placentas from pregnacies with EPH-gestosis is changed to the advantage of cathepsin B. This protease may in formation of structural and functional changes observed in placentas during EPH-gestosis.
Ginekol Pol 2001 Feb
PMID:[Activity of cathepsin B and cystatins in the placenta during EPH-gestosis]. 1138 92

The activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/ERK2) is required for proliferation of several types of cells. The performed analysis showed stimulation of ERK's by fetal calf serum (FCS) or fibronectin in the C3H 10T1/2 cell cultures at logarithmic phase of growth. The ERKs activity was not stimulated in confluent cells. This could not be accounted for a partial down regulation of ERK since its level was stable in both types of cells regardless of their density and kind of stimulation. Searching for ERK up-stream elements we studied the integrin receptor gene transcript by RT-PCR and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by Western blotting and phosphorylation assays. It was found that FCS and fibronectin stimulated phosphorylating activity of FAK in the cells at the logarithmic phase of growth, but were inefficient in the confluent cells. RT-PCR showed the presence of alpha5 and beta1 integrin transcripts, and p125FAK was at the same level regardless of the type of stimulation. These data indicate that the ability of FAK to be activated plays an important role in ERK regulation and, in consequence in proliferation and growth inhibition during confluence.
Acta Biochim Pol 2001
PMID:Signal transduction in confluent C3H 10T1/2 cells. The role of focal adhesion kinase. 1144 Jan 67

The study was performed for answering the question whether metastatic breast cancer has the same overexpression of HER2/neu as primary breast tumor. We assumed that study on this subject could give a valuable information for proper interpretation of HER2/neu overexpression in breast cancer patients designated for therapy with Herceptin. Our study was performed on 71 breast cancer patients qualified for clinical trial with Herceptin therapy. All patients selected for this trial have had surgery and two episodes of unsuccessful adjuvant therapy. Tissue samples were routinely fixed in 4% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical assays were performed on 5 microns slides using DAKO HercepTest and semi-quantitative methods to determine HER2 protein overexpression were used. All study cases were subdivided into two groups. First group--49 cases in which expression of HER2 was examined in tissue from primary breast tumors, and second group--22 cases in which expression of HER2 was examined in tissue from metastatic lesions. In the whole study group (71 cases) overexpression was confirmed in 29 (40.8%) cases. In the group of primary breast tumors overexpression of HER2 was present in 20 (40.8%) of cases. In the group of metastatic breast tumors overexpression of HER2 was present in 9 (40.9%) of cases. The result suggests that overexpression which appears in primary breast carcinoma is also preserved in metastases. Direct prove of such a conclusion, would be a study on HER2/neu expression estimated in primary and metastases in the same patients. It requires a proper quantity and quality of material. Our results indicate that there is no difference between the estimation of HER2/neu overexpression in primary and metastatic breast cancer in patients with disseminated disease after double failure of chemotherapy. Evaluation of overexpression of HER2/neu in cases of planned Herceptin therapy can be done both in material from primary and from metastatic tumor.
Pol J Pathol 2001
PMID:Expression of HER2/neu in primary and metastatic breast cancer. 1150 77

Total proteolytic activity, activity of cathepsin B, activity of cysteine cathepsins and contents of protein degradation products were determined in placentas of pregnancies complicated with mild, moderate and severe EPH-gestosis and in placentas from normal pregnancies. The highest activity of all the determined proteases was observed in placentas of pregnancies complicated with severe EPH-gestosis. The placentas of pregnancies complicated with severe EPH-gestosis also include the highest amounts of aminoacids and low-molecular peptides.
Ginekol Pol 2001 Jun
PMID:[Proteolytic activity of placenta with EPH-gestosis determined by casein and azocasein]. 1152 46

This paper estimates the excretory kidneys activity in women with pregnancy complicated by EPH-gestosis and in women with a physiological pregnancy by denoting albuminuria, beta-2-microglobulinuria and beta-2-microglobulin in blood serum. It was claimed that the excretion of albumins with urine increases considerably in women with a pregnancy complicated by EPH-gestosis before the delivery in comparison with women with a pregnancy of a physiological course. The increase of albumins excretion with urine in a labour in two groups of tested pregnant women was also noticed. However, the increase in excretion of albumins with urine during delivery was much bigger in the group of women with pregnancy complicated by EPH-gestosis in comparison to the group of women with a physiological course of pregnancy. The albumins size before delivery as well as during the next 48 hours after the delivery did not differ statistically in both groups of tested women. Beta-2-microglobulin concentration in blood serum was bigger in the group of pregnant women with EPH-gestosis than women with a physiological pregnancy during the whole period of research. Bigger excretion of beta-2-microglobulin with urine was noticed among women with pregnancy complicated by EPH-gestosis before delivery, during delivery and during the next 48 hours after the delivery in relation to the group of women with a physiological pregnancy.
Ginekol Pol 2001 Dec
PMID:[Assessment of selected parameters of kidney activity among women with pregnancy and delivery complicated by EPH-gestosis]. 1188 37

Pregnancy in woman with epilepsy arouses several serious medical problems and always belongs to the group of high obstetric risks. The aim of the present clinical study was the evaluation of the antiepileptic treatment efficiency during pregnancy, including risk factor, effects on pregnancy and delivery in epileptic patients. The study group consisted of 84 epileptic pregnant women which delivered between 1992-1998 in Obstetric Departments of University Medical School of Lublin. A randomised group 80 healthy pregnant women constituted the control group. The mean age of the analysed patients was 25 years. 51 epileptic patients were pregnant for the first time, 23 patients for the second time and 10 patients for the third time or more. The mean duration time of the disease was 8.6 years. In our study group: 45 (53.8%) patients experienced primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and 39 (46.6%) patients experienced partial seizures. 26 patients were treated with monotherapy and the rest with polytherapy methods. The estimation of the seizure frequency during pregnancy in 52 (61.9%) patients did not change, in 13 (15.4%) patients increased. Among obstetric complications: urinary tract infections, hypertonia (EPH-gestosis) were observed. In 4 newborn congenital defects have been noted. Mothers of three of them were treated with Phenydantin (heart lesion, developmental anomaly of fingers). The fourth mother used Convulex (meningoarachnided hernia, hydrocephalus).
Neurol Neurochir Pol
PMID:[Analysis of epileptic pregnant women delivering between 1992-1998 in obstetric departments of the University Medical School in Lublin]. 1204 3

EPH-gestosis is accompanied by an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix of Wharton's jelly. The gelatinolytic and proteolytic activities were measured. A decrease in gelatinolityc activity and an increase in proteolytic activity in EPH-gestosis were observed. The decrease in gelatinase activity in EPH-gestosis may be one of factors involved in extracellular matrix rebuilding of Wharton's jelly.
Ginekol Pol 2002 May
PMID:[Gelatinolitic and proteolytic activity of Wharton's jelly in EPH-gestosis (preeclampsia)]. 1218

In mammals, growth-dependent regulation of rRNA synthesis is brought about by the transcription initiation factor TIF-IA. TIF-IA is associated with a fraction of the TBP-containing factor TIF-IB/SL1 and the initiation-competent form of RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We investigated the mechanisms that down-regulate cellular pre-rRNA synthesis and demonstrate that nutrient starvation, density arrest and protein synthesis inhibitors inactivate TIF-IA and impair the association of TIF-IA with Pol I. Moreover, we used a panel of TIF-IA deletion mutants to map the domains that mediate the interaction of TIF-IA with Pol I and TIF-IB/SL1. We found that amino acids 512-609 interact with two subunits of Pol I, RPA43 and PAF67, whereas a short, conserved motif (LARAK, amino acids 411-415) is required for the association of TIF-IA with TAF(I)95 and TAF(I)68. The results uncover an interphase for essential protein-protein interactions that facilitate Pol I preinitiation complex formation.
 ...
PMID:Multiple interactions between RNA polymerase I, TIF-IA and TAF(I) subunits regulate preinitiation complex assembly at the ribosomal gene promoter. 1239 49

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is now defined as a specific, KIT-expressing and KIT-signaling driven mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The specific identification of GIST has become more important after the availability of KIT-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib mesylate, STI571, commercially known as Gleevec/Glivec (Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland) in the treatment of unresectable and metastatic tumors. GISTs are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the GI tract, and encompass most tumors previously classified as gastric and intestinal smooth muscle tumors. GISTs typically present in adults over 40 years (median age 55-60 years) and only exceptionally in children. They can present anywhere in the GI-tract from the lower esophagus to the anus. A great majority of GISTs occur in the stomach (60-70%) or small intestine (25-35%). Colon, rectum, appendix (together 5%) and esophagus (2-3%) are rare sites. Some GISTs are primary in the omentum, mesentery or retroperitoneum, unrelated to the tubular GI-tract, but most GISTs in these sites are metastases from gastric or intestinal primary. Histologically GISTs vary from cellular spindle cell tumors to epithelioid and pleomorphic ones, and morphology differs somewhat by site. By definition, GISTs are KIT(CD117)-positive. Positivity for nestin (90-100%) and CD34 (70%) are also characteristic but less specific features. Smooth muscle actins (20-30%) and heavy caldesmon (80%) are often expressed, whereas desmin is usually absent. Predictive of malignancy are mitotic rate over 5 per 50 HPF or size over 5 cm. However, mitotically inactive intestinal tumors can metastasize, and gastric tumors are in average less often malignant than the intestinal ones. True smooth muscle tumors, GI-schwannoma and undifferentiated sarcomas are the most important differential diagnoses. KIT activating mutations occur in 70-80% of cases. Their signaling consequences, clinical correlation and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and specific genetic alterations are under intense investigation. Majority of these mutations are in-frame-deletions and missense mutations clustering in the 5'-end of juxtamembrane domain (exon 11). A rare mutation, an Ala502-Tyr503 duplication in exon 9, is specific for intestinal GISTs.
Pol J Pathol 2003
PMID:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): definition, occurrence, pathology, differential diagnosis and molecular genetics. 1281 76


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