Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protein Tat is encoded by the HIV-1 genome and is essential for viral replication because of its activation of viral transcription. Tat enhances the ability of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to move long distances down the DNA through a poorly understood mechanism that involves its binding the to the 5' end of the nascent HIV-1 transcript. It has been suggested that the stimulation of transcript elongation by conventional DNA-binding activators may involve phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of Pol II by the transcription factor TFIIH through the associated CAK kinase. Here we show that Tat-enhanced HIV-1 transcription in vitro requires both TFIIH and the CTD of Pol II. In addition, Tat, through its activation domain, both interacts with a functional TFIIH-containing complex and stimulates phosphorylation of a CTD-containing substrate by the TFIIH kinase. Under conditions that jointly restrict transcriptional elongation and TFIIH-mediated CTD phosphorylation, Tat stimulates both these activities. Furthermore, RNA synthesis is required for Tat to stimulate phosphorylation of the CTD when it is part of an initiation complex, as expected from Tat's interaction with viral transcripts. Thus, stimulation of Pol II elongation by Tat may involve direct effects on TFIIH-mediated CTD phosphorylation.
 ...
PMID:Enhanced processivity of RNA polymerase II triggered by Tat-induced phosphorylation of its carboxy-terminal domain. 893 26

The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of resuming work among IHD patients after stationary posthospital rehabilitation. 30 patients after MI and revascularisation operations were taken into consideration: A-13 patients who resumed work and B-17 who did not do so. 30 healthy, working men (KZ) were used as a control. ECHO and exercise tests were carried out before and after rehabilitation. The following parameters were analysed: EF%, and HR, SBP, DBP and Dp both rest and exercise, Lt (wat), VO2 and MET, EF% was found to be lower in A and B groups compared to KZ. In both study groups physical efficiency before treatment was low, but after rehabilitation there was a significant increase in efficiency parameters. Consequently, the A group were classified in medium levels, whereas group B remained in low efficiency class. VO2, MET and Lt after rehabilitation in A group were significantly higher compared to those in the B group. 43% of all patients tested resumed work. People with higher education prevailed in the group who resumed work.
Pol Merkur Lekarski 1996 Aug
PMID:[The frequency of resuming work among patients with ischemic heart disease after the second phase of rehabilitation]. 915 26

A group of 91 neonates born in different states of the perinatal risk was analysed. During the ultrasonography testing of the brain the intracranial bleeding was stated. The dominant risk factors of the occurring of bleeding were EPH gestosis, preterm rupture of the membranes, operative delivery and the immaturity of the immaturity of the child.
Ginekol Pol 1996 Oct
PMID:[Ultrasonographic examination of the newborn brain in various states of perinatal risk]. 928 29

Cathepsin D activity during labour and puerperium in normal cases and those complicated by mild or moderate EPH-Gestosis was examined. Sera from maternal and umbilical cord blood, as well as the extraplacental blood and amniotic fluid were used for determinations. The gestational age of physiologic pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by EPH-Gestosis was 40 weeks. The first stage of labour was from 4 to 6 hours. The second stage of labour was over 10 minutes. In the group of women with mild and moderate EPH-Gestosis, the maternal serum activities on the third and fifth day of puerperium were significantly lower than in nonaffected subjects. In patients with moderate EPH-Gestosis, the activities in the maternal sera on the first day of puerperium, and in the umbilical blood were decreased when compared to controls. Uniformly, activities of the studied enzyme have been found to be lower in the umbilical cord blood sera than in the sera of the parturients. In cases of mild and moderate EPH-Gestosis the enzyme activity in the amniotic fluid was much lower than in controls, whereas in the extraplacental blood it was much higher.
Ginekol Pol 1997 Jan
PMID:[Cathepsin D activity in amniotic fluid and serum during labor and puerperium in normal cases and those complicated by EPH-gestosis]. 929 38

Transcription initiation of ribosomal RNA genes requires RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and auxiliary factors which either bind directly to the rDNA promoter, e.g. TIF-IB/SL1 and UBF, or are assembled into productive transcription initiation complexes via interaction with Pol I, e.g. TIF-IA, and TIF-IC. Here we show that all components required for specific rDNA transcription initiation are capable of physical interaction with Pol I in the absence of DNA and can be co-immunoprecipitated with antibodies against defined subunits of murine Pol I. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractionation on gel filtration columns reveals that approximately 10% of cellular Pol I elutes as a defined complex with an apparent molecular mass of > 2000 kDa. The large Pol I complex contains saturating levels of TIF-IA, TIF-IB and UBF, but limiting amounts of TIF-IC. In support of the existence of a functional complex between Pol I and basal factors, the large complex is transcriptionally active after complementation with TIF-IC. The results suggest that, analogous to class II gene transcription, a pre-assembled complex, the "Pol I holoenzyme", exists that appears to be the initiation-competent form of Pol I.
 ...
PMID:Mammalian RNA polymerase I exists as a holoenzyme with associated basal transcription factors. 945 38

It was found that hyaluronic acid is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) both in the umbilical cord arteries and in the umbilical cord veins. Chromatographic and as well as electrophoretic studies demonstrated that EPH-gestosis (Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension), the most common pathological syndrome occurring in pregnancy, is accompanied by premature replacement of hyaluronic acid by sulphated GAGs in the investigated arteries but not in the veins. Such a replacement is a characteristic feature of the ageing process. One may conclude that EPH-gestosis is associated with a "premature ageing" of the umbilical cord arterial walls. The mechanism and possible role of this phenomenon in pathology are discussed.
Acta Biochim Pol 1998
PMID:Electrophoretic and chromatographic patterns of glycosaminoglycans of the umbilical cord vessels and their alteration in EPH-gestosis. 991 8

The authors present an analysis of 117 pregnancies after intrauterine insemination (AIH) to indicate presence of disease during this period. We found out only 2.6% of EPH-gestosis among treated women, which means that frequency of PIH after AIH is lower then in natural population. Propriate decisions concerning pregnancies and positive relation of women to keep pregnancy have an essential value. We have not obtained any statistically significant differences between natural and after AIH evaluation of pregnancy.
Ginekol Pol 1998 Dec
PMID:[Hypertension in pregnancy, which resulted from intrauterine insemination]. 1022 79

We investigated the frequency and mutual relationship of molecular alterations in 33 malignant astrocytomas (28 glioblastomas and 5 anaplastic astrocytomas). The genetic alterations analyzed were: deletion of CDKN2a/p16 gene, TP53 mutations, and amplification of EGFR, MDM2 and CDK4. The most common genetic alteration was EGFR amplification which was revealed in 15 cases (45%). TP53 mutation was identified in 9 cases (27%) and CDKN2/p16 deletion was detected in 13 cases (41%). Either MDM2 and CDK4 amplifications were less frequent, as they were identified in 4 (12%) and 1 (3%) case, respectively. Of the 15 cases showing the amplification of EGFR, 9 had CDKN2/p16 deletion (60%, p = 0.04). On the other hand, CDKN2/p16 deletion and EGFR amplification rarely occurred with TP53 mutations (2 of 14 cases with CDKN2/p16 deletion, 14%). These results confirm the existence of at least two different pathways leading to the formation of a glioblastoma.
Pol J Pathol 1998
PMID:Mutations of TP53, amplification of EGFR, MDM2 and CDK4, and deletions of CDKN2A in malignant astrocytomas. 1032 80

Three angiomatous meningiomas, classified histologically as benign, were analyzed cytogenetically and examined for the expression of EGF/PDGF and their receptors by immunohistochemistry. An accumulation of p53 protein and the presence of mutations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene in neoplastic cells were also determined. In one tumour, chromosome studies revealed near diploid karyotype with the loss of chromosome 22. Two other meningiomas revealed tetraploid karyotypes with the presence of telomeric associations and a wide spectrum of numerical, complex chromosome aberrations. Moderate EGF and EGFR immunoreactivity was found in three and one meningioma, respectively. All tumours exhibited diffuse PDGF and PDGFR-beta expression. No p53 gene mutations were found, but one tumour expressed strong and dispersed p53 immunopositivity. This findings reflect the biological heterogeneity of angiomatous meningiomas.
Pol J Pathol 1998
PMID:Biologic heterogeneity of angiomatous meningiomas. 1032 82

The insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) have different functions in cell growth, apoptosis, differentation, and transformation. Although some of these differences may be explained by the relative level of receptor expression and receptor structure (alpha and beta subunits), they may also be attributed to differences in intracellular signals generated by insulin and IGF-I. The presence of hybrid receptors (IR alphabeta subunits and IGF-IR alphabeta subunits) making up the heterotetramers has added a new dimension to our understanding of the functional roles of these receptors. However, to date the results of efforts to understand the differences between these two closely related receptors have indicated mostly similarities. For example, both receptors utilize IRS-1/IRS-2 and Shc as immediate downstream adaptors, leading to activation of the Ras, Raf, ERK kinases and PI-3 kinase pathways. We have used the yeast two hybrid system to identify proteins which bind to the activated IGF-IR but not to the IR. The cytoplasmic domain of the IGF-IR was used to screen a human fetal brain library and two isoforms of the 14-3-3 family were identified. 14-3-3 proteins are a highly conserved family of proteins which have recently been shown to interact with other components of the mitogenic and apoptotic signaling pathways, including Raf, BAD, Bcr/Bcr-Abl, middle-T antigen, Ksr, PKC, PI-3 kinase, ASK1 kinase, and cdc25C phosphatase. We also identified human Grb10, an adaptor protein with SH2 domain associated with the IGF-IR beta subunit. Smith's laboratory showed that Grb10 preferentially binds to the IR in intact cells. Using the interaction trap screen (active cytoplasmic domain of the IGF-IR) 55PIK and SOCS-2 proteins were also identified. However, 55PIK and SOCS-2 also interact with the IR in the yeast two hybrid system. These studies raise the possibility that 14-3-3 and Grb10 may play a role in insulin and IGF-I signal transduction and may underlie the observed differences.
Acta Biochim Pol 1999
PMID:Differential regulation of signaling pathways for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. 1045 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>