Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This randomized double-blind study of the metabolic effects of two low-dose oral contraceptives was conducted in 58 randomly selected Singaporean women. Study subjects were divided into two treatment groups: 1) norethisterone 1 mg/ethinyl estradiol 35 mcg (NET/EE) or levonorgestrel 150 mcg/ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg (LNG/EE) were given to 35 women; 2) a control group of 23 women using IUDs. Blood samples were taken on admission and at 3 and 12 months after pills or insertion of IUDs. Findings demonstrate a significant decrease in mean fasting glucose and in 2-hour glucose loading, while triglycerides were increased throughout the treatment period in the NET/EE group. The LNG/EE group only showed significant suppression of the 2-hour glucose loading at 12 months and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol was significantly reduced by 12 months. Both groups had no change in hemoglobin, hematocrit and total protein levels, but alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and aspartate transaminase (SGOT) were decreased. Decreased albumin was observed in the NET/EE group, but not in the LNG/EE group. Changes in total HDL and LDL cholesterol and SGOT were not significantly different in the treatment group compared to the IUD group, except for the 2-hour glucose loading. There was no increase in the number of abnormal parameters after treatment. On the contrary, there was a reduction of abnormal values in most liver function parameters. Thus, except for glucose intolerance, the observed changes in metabolic parameters may not be of any clinical significance.
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PMID:Lipid and biochemical changes after low-dose oral contraception. 145 19

We have studied the effect of blood-saving measures in open heart surgery. Such measures were introduced in 1987. All fluids administered on the day of operation and on the first postoperative day were registered in all cardiac patients operated during one month in 1986, 1987, 1988. In 1986 the patients were exposed to a median of 21 donors while in 1988 they were exposed to a median of 2 donors. The reduction in transfusions was achieved by substituting plasma by polygeline, by giving thrombocytes only when there was a low thrombocyte count and by accepting a hemoglobin value of 9 g/100 ml before transfusion of erythrocytes. In 1988 most postoperatively drained blood was retransfused using a Sorensen retransfusion set. The reduction in transfusions has reduced the cost of each open heart operation by NOK 11,662.
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PMID:[Blood transfusion in heart surgery]. 210 12

The frequency of alpha-thalassemias in a general population sample from northeastern Thailand and in an Austroasiatic group with high frequencies of hemoglobin E and beta-thalassemia, the So, was estimated using DNA techniques. Among 64 healthy adult subjects from the Khonkaen and Ubol areas, the following haplotype frequencies were determined: alpha alpha, 0.742; -alpha 3.7 (subtype I), 0.148; -alpha 4.2, 0.016; -alpha del, 0.008; alpha Constant Spring alpha, 0.055; --SEA, 0.023, and alpha alpha alpha (triplicated alpha-globin gene), 0.008. In the So group, the combined frequency of alpha-thalassemia chromosomes was 0.525.
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PMID:Study of alpha-thalassemia in northeastern Thailand at the DNA level. 233 70

The color complementation assay (CCA) is a method of allele-specific DNA amplification by which competitive priming and extension of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide primers determine the color of DNA amplification product. This diagnostic method precludes the need for radioisotopes, electrophoresis, and multiple high-stringency reaction conditions. The multiplicity of mutant globin genes present in Southeast Asians complicates clinical diagnosis and underscores the importance of DNA-based diagnostic methods. We have applied CCA to distinguish beta A and beta E alleles. Competing 15mer primers were a fluorescein-labeled complement to beta A and a rhodamine-labeled complement to beta E, identical except for their central nucleotides. A common unlabeled primer was used to amplify DNA product, the color of which was determined by the perfectly complementary primer. Color photography and spectrofluorometry, as well as a method of black-white photography that we developed to distinguish fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled DNA, were used to record results. We applied CCA to define the complex genotype of a Thai woman with thalassemia intermedia, 96% HbE, and 4% HbF whose possible genotypes included several permutations of alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, and beta E genes. zeta-Globin gene mapping of DNA doubly digested with Bg/II and Asp 718 showed the -alpha 3.7/--SEA genotype, and CCA confirmed homozygous beta E/beta E. The CCA is useful for diagnosing the compound hemoglobin genotypes of Southeast Asians and could be applied also to prenatal diagnosis in this population.
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PMID:Detection of the hemoglobin E mutation using the color complementation assay: application to complex genotyping. 237 88

The influence was studied of different diets on the activity of cathepsin D (PSCatD), pepstatin (PIA) and leupeptin (LIA) insensitive acid autolytic activity (AAA), RNA, DNA and protein in skeletal leg muscle (LM) and liver of 37 mice. The diets affected the weight of the liver and content of protein in the liver and LM. The protein:DNA ratio was lowest on high carbohydrate (HC) and commercial (C) diets in both tissues and about 3 times higher in LM than in the liver. The RNA:protein ratio was highest in the high protein-fat (HPF) and recommended (R) diet fed groups. The RNA:DNA ratio was lowest on HC and C diets. In the liver, PSCatD, AAA, LIA were lowest on HPF, and highest on HC diets, but for PIA on high fat-protein (HFP) and C diets, respectively. The highest activities were correlated with the lowest percentage of protein and fat in the diets (low energy diets). For LM, the highest activities were found on a C diet and lowest for PSCatD on HEP but for AAA, PIA, LIA on HC diets. Cathepsin D accounted for about 70% of hemoglobin degradation in the liver and 66% in LM. In AAA, cathepsin D participates in 58.5% and 50.5% in the liver and LM inhibition, respectively, but leupeptin accounted for about 15% and 27% (in the presence of Mg++) of inhibition.
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PMID:Changes in cathepsin D, acid autolytic activity, RNA, DNA in skeletal muscle and liver of mouse kept on high protein, carbohydrate and lipid diets. 248 68

In a gene mapping study on 217 newborn babies in Taiwan with alpha- and zeta-globin probes, we have observed 4 cases (1.84%) of alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygotes (zeta zeta-alpha/zeta zeta alpha alpha) without increased levels of hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's in the cord blood. Eleven subjects (5.07%) were found to have the South East Asian alpha-thalassemia-1 haplotype (zeta zeta--SEA/zeta zeta alpha alpha) with increased Hb Bart's levels ranging from 2.2 to 9%. One case, with Hb Bart's level of 14% in the cord blood, was found to have the genotype of zeta zeta--SEA/zeta zeta alpha alpha T (0.46%). Four heterozygotes (1.84%) were found with the triple alpha gene anti-rightward arrangement (zeta zeta alpha alpha alpha 3.7/zeta zeta alpha alpha). Twenty-one heterozygotes (9.68%) were found to have the triple zeta-globin gene arrangement (zeta zeta zeta alpha alpha/zeta zeta alpha alpha). A new triple zeta-globin gene variant with a BamHI polymorphism was also observed in this study.
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PMID:Arrangements of alpha-globin gene cluster in Taiwan. 250 97

Serum erythropoietic activity and reticulocyte response to anemia were investigated using a rabbit model. In hemolytic anemia, induced by injections of phenylhydrazine on Day 0 the hemoglobin reached a nadir (mean, 6.23 g/dl) on Day 4 when SEA was maximal (mean, 765 mU/ml). In animals venesected on Day 0 and Day 1 to produce anemia of equal severity, the SEA was maximal (mean 235 mU/ml) on Day 2. In both groups the reticulocyte response peaked on Day 7--at 34% for the hemolytic group and 21% for the venesected group. The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, measured on Day 4, was significantly reduced in the PHZ-treated group. In the venesected group the 2,3-DPG increased between Day 0 and Day 4. There were no concurrent changes in acid-base balance. These results imply that the degree of anemia is only one of the factors which influence the level of circulating SEA.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietic activity in acute anemia--an animal model. 271 49

A retrospective analysis of 600 patients treated for head and neck malignancy at the Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center was undertaken. Patients who had surgical intervention (excluding biopsy) were withdrawn from this review. Fifty-eight patients with Stage I Glottic Laryngeal Carcinoma were identified and constitute the basis of this report. Various parameters were analyzed to assess their impact on local control. These include age, sex, serum hemoglobin, tumor bulk, differentiation, field size, total dose, total treatment time, and fraction size. Overall local control was 87% with a median follow-up of 63 months. The only factor that influenced local control was fraction size. Of 28 patients treated with 180 cGy fractions, seven (25%) had a local recurrence within 3 years. Twenty-eight patients treated with 200 cGy or greater fractions have had no failures to date. The difference in control rate when comparing the two treatment schema was significant (p less than 0.01). The median dose in the controlled 180 cGy group was 6660 cGy (range, 6300-7020 cGy). In the patients who failed in the 180 cGy group the median dose was 6660 cGy (range, 6480-6840 cGy). The patients receiving 200 cGy fractions or greater had a median dose of 6600 cGy (range, 6000-6950 cGy) and an average dose of 6507 cGy. The mean NSD in the 180 cGy group failing was 1787 RET (range, 1735-1843 RET). Patients who were controlled and received 180 cGy fractions had a median NSD of 1796 RET (range, 1743-1868). The mean NSD in the 200 cGy group was 1847 RET. The median TDF in the 180 cGy group of patients controlled was 102. Those failing also had a TDF of 102 (range, 101-105). Patients receiving 200 cGy fractions or greater had a median TDF of 109. It appears from this data that fraction size is a highly significant factor in our ability to control glottic laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:The effect of fraction size on control of early glottic cancer. 334 52

The molecular basis of seven Chinese patients in Taiwan with hemoglobin H disease was investigated and was found to be heterogeneous in the mutation type. They were alpha-thalassemia-1 mutation combined with hemoglobin Constant Spring, an undetermined nondeletion form of alpha-thalassemia and a deletion form of alpha-thalassemia-2 mutations. The alpha-thalassemia-1 mutation was shown to be the --SEA type I haplotype.
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PMID:Molecular analysis of hemoglobin H disease in Taiwan. 340 10

Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses have previously been shown to transform fibroblastic cells in culture, and type C virus pseudotypes of these viruses cause erythroleukemia in susceptible mice. We report a cell culture assay for quantitating the growth-promoting effect of Harvey and Kirsten viruses on erythroid cells. Murine hemopoietic cells were infected in vitro with Harvey or Kirsten sarcoma virus, and then cultured in methylcellulose in the presence of relatively low concentrations of erythropoietin. Under these conditions, large colonies of erythroid cells form in the semi-solid culture media 6 to 8 days after infection. The induction of erythroid bursts was not caused by the murine type C helper viruses used to pseudotype either Ha-MuSV or Ki-MuSV, or by media from cells carrying the Ki-MuSV and Ha-MuSV genomes. Induction of the erythroid colonies is under genetic control at the Fv1 susceptibility locus, but not at the Fv2 susceptibility locus. A striking feature of the erythroid colonies induced by the Harvey and Kirsten viruses was that they not only proliferated to large size but also differentiated along the erythroid lineage and synthesized hemoglobin. The results indicate that Ha-MuSV and Ki-MuSV can induce proliferation of erythroid precursor cells apparently without interfering with the differentiation program of the cells. The relation between the growth-promotion effect of these viruses on erythroid precursor cells and their ability to induce erythroleukemia is discussed.
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PMID:Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses promote the growth and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells in vitro. 627 11


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