Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the presence of neural mechanoreceptors in the remnants of the ruptured ACL as a possible source of reinnervation of the ACL autologous graft. The remainder of the torn ACL was selected for further histological investigation from 17 patients during ACL reconstruction 3 months to 3.5 years after injury. Perioperatively two types of ACL remnant were identified. Fifteen patients had portions of ACL adapted at the PCL. In all of these patients we found mechanoreceptors (I and II). In five patients we found mushroomlike remnants which included either none or small numbers of mechanoreceptors. Free neural ends were found in both patient groups. There was a significant difference between the groups in regard to the mean number of mechanoreceptors I and II per slice. In conclusion, in patients with an ACL remnant adapted to the PCL, mechanoreceptors exist even 3 years after injury. If we accept that restoration of proprioception is the result of reinnervation of the ACL, leaving the ACL remnants as a source, if this is surgically possible without risk of Cyclop's lesion, may be of potential benefit to the patient.
...
PMID:The presence of proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the remnants of the ruptured ACL as a possible source of re-innervation of the ACL autograft. 1173 75

DNA copy number gains and amplifications at 17q are frequent in gastriccancer, yet systematic analyses of the 17q amplicon have not been performed. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of copy number and expression levels of 636 chromosome 17-specific genes in gastric cancer by using a custom-made chromosome 17-specific cDNA microarray. Analysis of DNA copy number changes by comparative genomic hybridization on cDNA microarray revealed increased copy numbers of 11 known genes (ERBB2, TOP2A, GRB7, ACLY, PIP5K2B, MPRL45, MKP-L, LHX1, MLN51, MLN64, and RPL27) and seven expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that mapped to 17q12-q21 region. To investigate the genes transcribed at the 17q, we performed gene expression analyses on an identical cDNA microarray. Our expression analysis showed overexpression of 8 genes (ERBB2, TOP2A, GRB2, AOC3, AP2B1, KRT14, JUP, and ITGA3) and two ESTs. Of the commonly amplified transcripts, an uncharacterized EST AA552509 and the TOP2A gene were most frequently overexpressed in 82% of the samples. Additional studies will be initiated to understand the possible biological and clinical significance of these genes in gastric cancer development and progression.
...
PMID:Targets of gene amplification and overexpression at 17q in gastric cancer. 1198 Jun 59

This study intraoperatively compared the cross-sectional area (CSA) and graft-tunnel fit of bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) and multistranded hamstring tendon (STG) grafts harvested from the same patient. Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 26 years were the subjects of the study. Each BTB graft was harvested from the central third of the patellar tendon. Tripled or quadrupled semitendinosus tendon with or without gracilis tendon was used as a STG graft. CSAs of both grafts in the same patients were intraoperatively measured using a custom-made area micrometer during primary ACL reconstruction and revision surgery or during combined ACL and PCL reconstruction. Graft-tunnel fit was calculated by dividing the CSA of the graft by that of the tibial bone tunnel. The average CSA of STG grafts was significantly greater than that of BTB grafts. The average value of graft-tunnel fit for the STG grafts% was also greater than that of the BTB grafts%. Thus STG grafts have a larger CSA and closer graft-tunnel fit than BTB grafts in a clinical setting.
...
PMID:Comparison between the cross-sectional area of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts and multistranded hamstring tendon grafts obtained from the same patients. 1266 99

The DLSTG is the strongest and stiffest autogenous graft source available for reconstruction of the torn anterior cruciate ligament. Harvest morbidity is low compared with other autogenous graft sources, such as the patellar bone-tendon-bone graft. Soft-tissue allografts provide an excellent alternative for patients requiring revision surgery or for patients who want to avoid any morbidity associated with autogenous graft harvest. Successful use of any soft-tissue graft source, however, relies on precise placement of the tibial and femoral tunnels to prevent roof and PCL impingement and to restore tensile behavior in the graft tissue similar to the native ACL. The use of high-strength, high-stiffness fixation devices that secure the graft at the end of the tunnel promote tendon tunnel healing, restore stability without high graft tensioning, and allow safe, aggressive rehabilitation. The Bone Mulch Screw/WasherLoc screw system provides the surgeon with a consistent, reproducible technique that restores stability and function to the ACL-deficient knee using a soft-tissue graft in both males and females.
...
PMID:Scientific justification and technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous and allogeneic soft-tissue grafts. 1273 98

Several grafts and several fixation techniques have been introduced for PCL reconstruction over the past years. To date, autograft and allograft tissues are recommended for PCL reconstruction, whilst synthetic grafts should be avoided. Autograft tissues include the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft, the hamstrings and the quadriceps tendon. Allograft tissues are increasingly being used for primary PCL reconstruction. The use of allograft tissues requires a number of formal prerequisites to be fulfilled. Besides the previous mentioned graft types allograft tissues include Achilles and tibialis anterior/posterior tendons. To date no superior graft type has been identified. Several techniques and devices have been used for fixation of a PCL replacement graft. Most of these were originally developed for ACL reconstruction and then adapted to PCL reconstruction. However, biomechanical requirements of the PCL differ substantially from those of the ACL. To date, requirements for PCL graft fixations are not known. From a systematic approach femoral graft fixation can either be achieved within the bone tunnel (nearly anatomic) with an interference screw or outside the bone tunnel on the medial femoral condyle using a staple, an endobutton or a screw. Tibial graft fixation can be achieved either with an interference screw in the bone tunnel or with a staple, screw/washer or sutures tied over a bone bridge outside the bone tunnel (extra-anatomic). An alternative fixation on the tibial side is the inlay technique that reduces the acute angulation of the graft at the posterior aspect of the tibia. Further research is necessary to identify the differences between the various fixation techniques.
...
PMID:Graft choice and graft fixation in PCL reconstruction. 1294 34

Intra-articular ganglia and cysts of the knee joint are rare and mostly incidental findings in MRI and arthroscopy. During a period of 15 years, nearly 8000 knees were arthroscopically examined. In total, 85 intra-articular soft tissue masses were found within the knee cavity. Of these, 76 were incidental and asymptomatic findings in arthroscopy performed for treatment of osteoarthritic symptoms. Several repeated minor knee traumata were reported in this group but no histories of serious traumatic events. Nine ganglion cysts were obviously solely responsible for the intermittent or chronic non-specific knee discomfort, and classified as symptomatic. There were no histories of previous injury to the knees, no clinical signs of instabilities or meniscal and femoropatellar pathologies, and no associated further intra-articular lesions in arthroscopy. Forty-nine cystic masses originated from the ACL, 16 from the PCL, 12 from the anterior (eight medial, four lateral) and three from the posterior horn of the menisci (two medial, one lateral). Three were located in the infrapatellar fat pad, one arose from a medial plica and one from a subchondral bone cyst. All ganglion cysts were successfully resected or excised using arthroscopic technique. A review of the literature is given and compared with the findings and data of this study.
...
PMID:Intra-articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint: a report of 85 cases and review of the literature. 1450 17

We evaluated 13 reconstructions of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the knee associated with a reconstruction of the ACL (n=6) and PCL (n=7). In all cases the LCL was reconstructed using a semitendinosus tendon graft through a tunnel in the fibular head and fixed in anatomical insertion of LCL at lateral femoral condyle. Patients were evaluated using the IKDC form. Lateral joint opening and posterior tibial translation were studied by radiographic stress views. The follow-up average was of 60 months (38-93). In the ACL group five patient were symptoms free while one reported moderate pain after strenuous activity. The lateral stress radiographs showed lateral joint opening of 0-2 mm in five knees, and 3-5 mm in one. In the PCL group four patients were symptom free while three complained mild to moderate pain or swelling. Lateral joint opening was 0-2 mm in six knees and 3-5 in one. External rotation at 30 degrees of flexion was 10 degrees in one and between 0-5 degrees in the remainder. Eleven of 13 patients returned to their preinjury level and two returned to one level lower. These findings indicate that the LCL can be successfully reconstructed with a free ST graft at the time of ACL or PCL reconstruction.
...
PMID:Lateral collateral ligament reconstruction using a semitendinosus graft. 1461 86

A summation analysis of more than 70 individual kinematic studies involving normal knees and 33 different designs of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was done with the objective of analyzing implant design variables that affect knee kinematics. Eight hundred eleven knees (733 subjects) were analyzed either during the stance phase of gait or a deep knee bend maneuver while under fluoroscopic surveillance. Fluoroscopic videotapes then were downloaded onto a workstation computer and anteroposterior (AP) femorotibial translational patterns were determined using an automated three-dimensional model fitting technique. The highest magnitude of translation was found in the normal and ACL-retaining TKA groups. Paradoxical anterior femoral translation during deep flexion was most commonly observed in PCL-retaining TKA. Substantial variability in kinematic patterns was observed in all groups. The least variability during gait was observed in mobile-bearing TKA designs, whereas posterior-stabilized TKA designs (fixed or mobile-bearing) showed the least variability during a deep knee bend. A medial pivot kinematic pattern was observed in only 55% of knees during deep knee flexion. Kinematic patterns of fixed versus mobile-bearing designs were similar with the exception of mobile-bearing TKA during gait in which femorotibial contact remained relatively stationary with minimal AP femorotibial translation.
...
PMID:Multicenter determination of in vivo kinematics after total knee arthroplasty. 1464 38

The function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) in the first 120 degrees of flexion has been reported extensively, but little is known of their behavior at higher flexion angles. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of muscle loads on the in situ forces in both ligaments at high knee flexion (>120 degrees). Eighteen fresh-frozen human knee specimens were tested on a robotic testing system from full extension to 150 degrees of flexion in response to quadriceps (400 N), hamstrings (200 N), and combined quadriceps and hamstrings (400 N/200 N) loads. The in situ forces in the ACL and PCL were measured using the principle of superposition. The force in the ACL peaked at 30 degrees of flexion (71.7 +/- 27.9 N in response to the quadriceps load, 52.3 +/- 24.4 N in response to the combined muscle load, 32.3 +/- 20.9 N in response to the hamstrings load). At 150 degrees, the ACL force was approximately 30 N in response to the quadriceps load and 20 N in response to the combined muscle load and isolated hamstring load. The PCL force peaked at 90 degrees (34.0 +/- 15.3 N in response to the quadriceps load, 88.6 +/- 23.7 N in response to the combined muscle load, 99.8 +/- 24.0 N in response to the hamstrings load) and decreased to around 35 N at 150 degrees in response to each of the loads. These results demonstrate that the ACL and PCL carried significantly less load at high flexion in response to the simulated muscle loads compared to the peak loads they carried in response to the same muscle loads at other flexion angles. The data could provide a reference point for the investigation of non-weight bearing flexion and extension knee exercises in high flexion. Furthermore, these data could be useful in designing total knee implants to achieve high flexion.
...
PMID:In situ forces of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in high knee flexion: an in vitro investigation. 1501 87

An anatomical dynamic model consisting of three body segments, femur, tibia and patella, has been developed in order to determine the three-dimensional dynamic response of the human knee. Deformable contact was allowed at all articular surfaces, which were mathematically represented using Coons' bicubic surface patches. Nonlinear elastic springs were used to model all ligamentous structures. Two joint coordinate systems were employed to describe the six-degrees-of-freedom tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF) joint motions using twelve kinematic parameters. Two versions of the model were developed to account for wrapping and nonwrapping of the quadriceps tendon around the femur. Model equations consist of twelve nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations coupled with nonlinear algebraic constraint equations resulting in a Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) system that was solved using the Differential/Algebraic System Solver (DASSL) developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Model calculations were performed to simulate the knee extension exercise by applying non-linear forcing functions to the quadriceps tendon. Under the conditions tested, both "screw home mechanism" and patellar flexion lagging were predicted. Throughout the entire range of motion, the medial component of the TF contact force was found to be larger than the lateral one while the lateral component of the PF contact force was found to be larger than the medial one. The anterior and posterior fibers of both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, ACL and PCL, respectively, had opposite force patterns: the posterior fibers were most taut at full extension while the anterior fibers were most taut near 90 degrees of flexion. The ACL was found to carry a larger total force than the PCL at full extension, while the PCL carried a larger total force than the ACL in the range of 75 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion.
...
PMID:3-D anatomically based dynamic modeling of the human knee to include tibio-femoral and patello-femoral joints. 1517 Nov 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---