Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This prospective study evaluated the athletes with chronic instability of the knees using the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthetic ligament as a substitute for the ACL and PCL preoperatively and at regular intervals during the post-operative period. Thirty Gore-Tex ACL and four Gore-Tex PCL reconstruction were performed. All patients had chronic instability of the knee joint for a duration of one month to five years (average 15.7 months). There were thirty-one males and three females, most of them were football players (63%). The average follow-up was 23 months postoperation. Ninety-seven per cent of the patients had satisfactory results. Objectively the instability pattern was improved in 97 per cent of the knees and subjectively, no pain persisted post operatively. Rejection occurred in one patient. The results indicated excellent stability of the affected knee joint. However, longevity of the prosthesis under the wide variety of loading conditions in athletes remains to be determined by continuing clinical study.
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PMID:Gore-Tex cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes. 129 57

Twenty-two fresh-frozen specimens were used to measure tensions generated in selected bands of the major ligaments of the flexed knee (40-90 degrees) when an axially prerotated tibia is subjected to passive anterior shear and when an anteriorly pretranslated tibia is subjected to passive axial torque. The tensions were measured using the buckle transducer attached to the anteromedial band of the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL (am)], the posterior fibers of the posterior cruciate ligament [PCL (pf)], the long fibers of the medial collateral ligament [MCL (lf)], and in the total lateral collateral ligament [LCL]. The knee specimens were subjected to the combined motions in a 6-df passive loading apparatus. The results indicated that the joint resistance to anterior translation increased markedly with internal prerotation and only marginally with external prerotation. This increase in joint resistance, however, was associated with a decrease in ACL function. It has been inferred that the posterior structures, capsular and meniscal, contribute significantly to joint resistance when the tibia is prerotated in either sense. For internal prerotation, the interference between the medial femoral condyle and the central tibial eminence was found to be an additional mechanism of resistance to anterior translation. Also, it has been found that although the ACL (am) tension increased with internal rotation in the normal case, it decreased with internal rotation in the presence of an anterior pretranslation. It is concluded that ACL response to combined joint motion cannot be ascertained by a simple summation of its responses to individual motions.
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PMID:Ligament tension pattern in the flexed knee in combined passive anterior translation and axial rotation. 140

Twelve patients with swelling and functional embarrassment of the knee joint caused by a traffic accident were radiographically found to have tibial plateau fractures (7 patients), posterior dislocation (1), fracture of anterior tibial spine (1), single fracture of the posterior tibial spine (1), anterior dislocation (1), and negative findings (1). Arthroscopy was performed 2 to 10 days after trauma, revealed associated injuries not shown on X-ray films in every knee including rupture of cruciate ligaments (ACL 8, PCL 1), tear of menisci (lateral one 8; medial one 2), and disruption of collateral ligaments (medial one 3; lateral 1). These injuries were promptly treated accordingly either through the scope or by open operation. Beside, inadequately reduced bone fragments, viewed through the scope, were further corrected incidentally and conveniently. We believe that early arthroscopy for acute knee injury is a real necessity in perfecting diagnosis and improving treatment.
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PMID:[Early arthroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute injury of the knee]. 149 32

Approximately 1% of the total population referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee at our facility have cystic changes at or near the attachment of the anterior or posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL). Cases were collected prospectively from a group of 1710 consecutive knee MR examinations, and a retrospective study analyzed the typical appearance of these cysts and any associated findings. Although most of the cysts were an incidental finding, two were associated with significant adjacent marrow edema.
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PMID:The prevalence and significance of cyst-like changes at the cruciate ligament attachments in the knee. 152 31

Complete knee dislocations are infrequent but serious injuries resulting from a wide spectrum of traumatic events. Significant soft tissue and ligamentous damage usually result. Previous experience and several reports in the literature had led us to believe that complete dislocations were associated with both ACL and PCL rupture. Three cases of documented complete knee dislocation in which the PCL is preserved intact are presented.
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PMID:Knee dislocations with intact PCL. 160 11

PCL reconstruction is not often necessary. Arthroscopic techniques using autograft or allograft substitution for the PCL probably bear more physiologic and anatomic likeness to the normal ligament than to tissue transfers posteriorly. The arthroscopic procedure is exacting and technically demanding. It is advisable to supplement the PCL reconstruction with an appropriate capsulorrhaphy when the posterior capsule, arcuate complex, or oblique popliteal ligament are also injured. In combined cruciate injuries, PCL reconstruction is notably easier when staged before reconstruction of the ACL.
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PMID:Posterior cruciate ligament injuries. 186 57

The value of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the cruciate ligaments was assessed by studying an amputated knee in order to find the most suitable position for detecting minimal defects of the ligaments. The ACL or PCL, or both, of 60 patients (61 knees) were then examined by CT and the findings were compared with those of arthroscopy. Defects 3mm in length were shown by CT. A sufficient quantity of air and an adequate amount of positive contrast medium were required to obtain an accurate picture of the ligaments. For the ACL, the sensitivity of CT was 96.6%, specificity was 95.5%, and accuracy was 96.1%. For the PCL, sensitivity was 78.6%, specificity was 91.7%, and accuracy was 84.6%. Ruptures of the cruciate ligaments shown by CT were classified into four types. Their CT images coincided significantly with their arthroscopic findings. This study shows double-contrast CT arthrography to be a valuable method for evaluating the cruciate ligaments, and especially the ACL.
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PMID:Double-contrast CT arthrography of the cruciate ligaments. 195 94

Combined instabilities of the knee are usually expressed in compartmental terms. Several clinical evaluation forms result from these classification systems. We performed an experimental study on forty fresh cadaver knees to relate abnormal femorotibial motion with the corresponding structural damage. Translational forces were introduced to the testing apparatus while the tibia was allowed to rotate. In anteromedial lesions (ACL, MCL, POL) the "envelope of motion" was not pronounced in the anteromedial direction. There was only little difference in the amount of the anterior drawer with the foot in external rotation or left free to rotate. Posterolateral lesions (PCL, LCL, Popliteus tendon) were related to posterolateral laxity in 90 degrees of flexion. At 20 degrees of flexion laxity was found to be the greatest.
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PMID:[New experimental data for the classification of knee instabilities]. 196 92

The changes in length of electrolyte-in-rubber strain-gauge transducers implanted along the fibers of the anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL) cruciate ligaments of the human anatomic specimen knees were measured simultaneously and continuously during knee motion. In unconstrained flexion and extension of the knee, all transducers in the ACL showed the maximum shortening peak at about 30 degrees flexion. After this, the length of the transducers in the anterior bundle increased, whereas those in the posterior bundle remained shortened. Transducers in the anterior and posterior bundles of the PCL, on the other hand, showed maximum lengthening peaks at approximately 50 degrees and 0 degrees flexion, respectively. The middle bundle of the PCL showed a smaller change. When simulated quadriceps forces were applied, the transducers in the ACL lengthened and those in the PCL shortened. At more than 90 degrees, however, the changes in length decreased. After cutting the ACL, the quadriceps force increased the shortening of the PCL.
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PMID:Simultaneous measurement of changes in length of the cruciate ligaments during knee motion. 200 64

The authors discuss 18 cases of acute capsuloligamentous lesions of the external compartment of the knee submitted to surgical treatment. The results obtained by separately studying the progression of the various types of anatomical lesions revealed a relationship between the entity of the lesion and the results. Positive results were as follows: 100% in isolated lesions of the EC, 70% in lesions of the EC and ACL, 40% in lesions of the EC + ACL + PCL. In grade I distorsion trauma surgery is not indicated; in grade II lesions treatment is based on an objective examination in narcosis, and surgery should be performed when dynamic tests are positive; in grade III lesions surgery is always indicated. An objective examination in narcosis (rarely arthroscopy) is thus of essential importance to therapeutic indications.
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PMID:Acute external capsuloligamentous lesions of the knee. 209 29


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