Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALK+ ALCL) are an aggressive pediatric disease. The therapeutic options comprise chemotherapy, which is efficient in approximately 70% of patients, and targeted therapies, such as crizotinib (an ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), used in refractory/relapsed cases. Research efforts have also converged toward the development of combined therapies to improve treatment. In this context, we studied whether autophagy could be modulated to improve crizotinib therapy. Autophagy is a vesicular recycling pathway, known to be associated with either cell survival or cell death depending on the cancer and therapy. We previously demonstrated that crizotinib induced cytoprotective autophagy in ALK+ lymphoma cells and that its further intensification was associated with cell death. In line with these results, we show here that combined ALK and Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma 1 (RAF1) inhibition, using pharmacological (vemurafenib) or molecular (small interfering RNA targeting RAF1 (siRAF1) or microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p) mimics) strategies, also triggered autophagy and potentiated the toxicity of TKI. Mechanistically, we found that this combined therapy resulted in the decrease of the inhibitory phosphorylation on Unc-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) (a key protein in autophagy initiation), which may account for the enforced autophagy and cytokilling effect. Altogether, our results support the development of ALK and RAF1 combined inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in ALK+ ALCL.
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PMID:High Levels of miR-7-5p Potentiate Crizotinib-Induced Cytokilling and Autophagic Flux by Targeting RAF1 in NPM-ALK Positive Lymphoma Cells. 3306 37

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the preferred initial treatment for ALK rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While initial responses to next-generation inhibitors are robust, acquired resistance is expected for nearly all patients. Resistance is often mediated by point mutations along the solvent front. Use of the acquired mutational profile to guide therapy is still investigational and largely based on preclinical data demonstrating sensitivity of resistant cell lines to available kinase inhibitors. Here, we describe outcomes after development of an ALK L1196Q mutation. We present a patient with stage IV ALK rearranged lung cancer received who received first line crizotinib at 250 mg twice daily, then at progression, second line alectinib at 600 mg twice daily. When radiographic evidence of progression was noted, a biopsy was performed. Next generation sequencing (NGS) identified an acquired ALK L1196Q mutation. The patient was treated with third line brigatinib, at 90 mg daily and escalating to 180 mg daily, and achieved a partial response that is still ongoing, one year later. We highlight false-negative ALK mutation results when only plasma is used, particularly in early metastatic disease. We also discuss how the use of specific ALK resistance mutations to guide therapy is clinically relevant is being investigated.
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PMID:Novel ALK mutation with durable response to brigatinib-a case report. 3320 33


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