Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A comparative immunohistochemical study of intermediate filament expression in normal parotid glands and pleomorphic adenomas (PA) was performed using material fixed in a modified methacarn fixative. The normal myoepithelial cells of acini stained only with monoclonal antibodies 312C8-1 (cytokeratin (CK) 14) and 4.62 (CK 19) while myoepithelial/basal cells of ducts also reacted with antibodies 8.12 (CK 13, 16), 8.60 (CK 10, 11, +/- 1), and PKK1 (CK 7, 8, 17, 18). Normal duct luminal cells showed a different CK profile, reacting consistently with ECK, a polyclonal antibody to epidermal prekeratin (CK 3,6), and monoclonal antibodies 4.62, PKK1 and 8.60. In PA, tumour cells at the periphery of ducts, in solid areas, and at the edge of myxoid regions all had CK profiles similar to normal myoepithelial/basal cells except that antibody 4.62 was generally negative. Vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were uniformly negative in normal parotids but showed variable (often strong) reactivity with some cells in chondroid, myxoid and solid areas of PA. A surprising feature of most PA was the variability of CK subtype expression not only from one case to another but also within morphologically similar areas of the same specimen. These results suggest that the morphology of PA is the result of diversity of tumour cell differentiation rather than the processes implicit in a reserve cell histogenetic model.
...
PMID:Intermediate filament expression in normal parotid glands and pleomorphic adenomas. 245 77

Cytologic specimens (FNA) from 42 primary invasive ductal breast carcinomas and 22 matched specimens of cancer tissue were tested for EGFR status, PCNA index and vimentin expression by immunocytochemical staining, using an Extravidin-Biotin method, and their relationship with various prognostic factors was investigated. EGFR positivity, high PC10 score and vimentin positivity were significantly correlated with high histologic grade. The coordinate expression of EGFR, PCNA and vimentin was significantly associated with ER-negative breast carcinomas. A positive trend was observed between high proliferating tumours and EGFR expression. EGFR status and PCNA index were not correlated with axillary lymph node involvement, tumour size, age and menopausal status. Vimentin was preferentially expressed in tumours, with lymph node metastases. Co-expression of EGFR, PCNA and vimentin was determined in most cases. These data suggest that EGFR status, PCNA index and vimentin expression may be important for the prediction of biologically aggressive tumours.
...
PMID:Relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and vimentin expression and various prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. 773 97

We report on a rare distinctive variant of infiltrating ductal carcinoma characterized by sebaceous differentiation of tumor cells. The neoplasm was identified in a lumpectomy specimen from a 45-year-old woman with extensive metastatic disease. In addition to conventional in situ and invasive ductal components, approximately half of the tumor cells exhibited a phenotype resembling tumors of the sebaceous skin appendage with coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm and peripherally displaced nuclei. The sebaceous moiety was also present in the distant metastatic deposits. There was no evidence of mucin production by tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, empty-appearing non-membrane bound vacuoles attested to the sebaceous cells' lipid content. The immunoprofile of the lesion included positivity for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Vimentin, S100 protein and carcinoembryonic antigen were not expressed. Most tumor cell nuclei reacted with antibodies to oestrogen and progesterone receptors but failed to show overexpression of the HER2/neu protein. The MIB-1 labeling index averaged 16%. At variance with sebaceous breast carcinomas on record, the present case is notable for its prolonged clinical course.
...
PMID:Sebaceous carcinoma of the breast. 1069 80

Using immobilized GST-Raf-1 as bait, we have isolated the intermediate filament protein vimentin as a Raf-1-associated protein. Vimentin coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with Raf-1 in fibroblasts. Vimentin was not a Raf-1 substrate, but was phosphorylated by Raf-1-associated vimentin kinases. We provide evidence for at least two Raf-1-associated vimentin kinases and identified one as casein kinase 2. They are regulated by Raf-1, since the activation status of Raf-1 correlated with the phosphorylation of vimentin. Vimentin phosphorylation by Raf-1 preparations interfered with its polymerization in vitro. A subset of tryptic vimentin phosphopeptides induced by Raf-1 in vitro matched the vimentin phosphopeptides isolated from v-raf-transfected cells labeled with orthophosphoric acid, indicating that Raf-1 also induces vimentin phosphorylation in intact cells. In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, the selective activation of an estrogen-regulated Raf-1 mutant induced a rearrangement and depolymerization of the reticular vimentin scaffold similar to the changes elicited by serum treatment. The rearrangement of the vimentin network occurred independently of the MEK/ERK pathway. These data identify a new branch point in Raf-1 signaling, which links Raf-1 to changes in the cytoskeletal architecture.
...
PMID:The Raf-1 kinase associates with vimentin kinases and regulates the structure of vimentin filaments. 1102 85

The KIT-positive specific gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), leiomyomas, and schwannomas are the three most common types of primary mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The intermediate filaments are abundant cytoskeletal proteins commonly used as cell differentiation markers in diagnostic immunohistochemistry. Their patterns have not been fully characterized in GI mesenchymal tumors, and could offer differential diagnostically useful parameters. Very recently, nestin, a class VI intermediate filament expressed in neuroectodermal stem cells and skeletal muscle progenitor cells, has been shown in GISTs and suggested as a marker for these tumors. In this study we immunohistochemically examined the expression of nestin and other intermediate filament proteins, including desmin, keratins (Ks), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament, and vimentin in GISTs of different sites, esophageal leiomyomas and GI schwannomas. Nestin was nearly consistently present in GISTs of different locations whether spindle cell or epithelioid, and benign or malignant. It was also detected in 23 of 24 (96%) GI schwannomas, whereas leiomyomas were uniformly negative. Vimentin was present in both GISTs and schwannomas, whereas it was typically absent in leiomyomas (25% positive, usually focally). Desmin was present in all leiomyomas, whereas only 3% of GISTs (4 of 140) were positive, and all schwannomas were negative. K18 was detected in a minority of GISTs, leiomyomas, and schwannomas. Malignant GISTs were more commonly keratin positive than the benign ones; there was 18% K18 positivity in malignant gastric and small intestinal GISTs, but 9% K18 positivity in benign gastric and small intestinal GISTs. Moreover, K8, albeit to a lesser degree, was detected in a minority of GISTs, but K7, K14, K19 and K20 were not detected. GFAP was present in the majority of schwannomas, whereas all GISTs were negative; some leiomyomas had weak cytoplasmic positivity. These results document distinctive patterns of intermediate filament proteins in GI mesenchymal tumors. Nestin is confirmed to be consistently expressed in GISTs but it is also present in most GI schwannomas; GFAP is helpful when separating GISTs and schwannomas, since only the latter are positive. The potential presence of K8 and K18 in GISTs should not lead to the misdiagnosis of carcinoma on biopsy.
...
PMID:Patterns of nestin and other intermediate filament expression distinguish between gastrointestinal stromal tumors, leiomyomas and schwannomas. 1219 11

Vimentin expression is a rather rare finding in invasive breast cancer, and is associated with high tumour invasiveness and chemoresistance. It is currently explained by two different biological theories: direct histogenetic derivation from myoepithelial cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reflecting the end-stage of breast cancer dedifferentiation. In this study we aimed to obtain further insights into the biological hallmarks of these vimentin-expressing breast cancers. We applied immunohistochemistry for vimentin and 15 other differentiation markers to a series of 364 invasive breast cancer cases, using tissue microarray technology. 7.7% of all tumours expressed vimentin. Almost all of these cases (19/21) were Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas, and the majority (13/21) of these were associated with a ductal in situ component. Vimentin expression was also seen in the respective in situ components and correlated positively with the expression of SMA, CD10, CK 5, p53, Mib-1 and EGFR. A negative correlation was seen for the expression of CK 8/18 and the oestrogen receptor. Vimentin-expressing carcinomas revealed a significantly higher average absolute number of cytogenetic alterations per case, but a significantly lower frequency of chromosome 16q losses compared to vimentin-negative cases. Our present results demonstrate that, despite analogies between vimentin-positive breast cancers and myoepithelial cells in their expression of differentiation-related proteins, neither myoepithelial histogenesis nor EMT can exclusively explain the biology of these distinct tumours. This is mainly supported by the significantly higher incidence of vimentin-expressing breast cancers compared to any other myoepithelial breast tumours and the fact that vimentin is already observed in ductal in situ components. We therefore propose the alternative hypothesis that vimentin-expressing breast carcinomas may derive from breast progenitor cells with bilinear (glandular and myoepithelial) differentiation potential.
...
PMID:The origin of vimentin expression in invasive breast cancer: epithelial-mesenchymal transition, myoepithelial histogenesis or histogenesis from progenitor cells with bilinear differentiation potential? 1590 73

It was hypothesized that four histopathological types or subtypes of breast carcinoma were undifferentiated types characterized by bidirectional differentiation toward both luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells and had characteristic molecular changes: invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with a large central acellular zone, atypical medullary carcinoma (a subgroup in Grade 3 solid-tubular carcinoma), matrix-producing carcinoma, and spindle-cell carcinoma (or carcinoma with spindle-cell metaplasia). In 32 cases of the undifferentiated type and 37 cases of the relatively differentiated types, we immunohistochemically examined the expressions of myoepithelial markers and KIT, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins. Vimentin, S-100, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were positive in 28 (88%), 22 (69%), and 15 (47%) of the undifferentiated types, but were positive in seven (19%), one (3%), and one (3%) of relatively differentiated types (P < 0.0001). KIT and EGFR overexpressions were detected more frequently in the undifferentiated types (34 and 88%, respectively) than in relatively differentiated types (3 and 3%, respectively) (P < 0.0001, for both). In 11 (85%) of 13 cases with KIT overexpression, EGFR overexpression concurred. c-erbB-2 overexpression was almost equally detected in both the undifferentiated and relatively differentiated types, and did not correlate with KIT or EGFR overexpression. Phosphotyrosine was detected in 16 (67%) of 24 cases with KIT, EGFR, and/or c-erbB-2 overexpression but only in six (18%) of 34 cases without KIT, EGFR, or c-erbB-2 overexpression (P = 0.0002). The undifferentiated-type breast carcinomas appeared to show mammary epithelial stem cell-like features, and they could be identified by KIT and/or EGFR overexpressions.
...
PMID:Frequent KIT and epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressions in undifferentiated-type breast carcinomas with 'stem-cell-like' features. 1595 55

Axonal loss causes disabling and permanent deficits in many peripheral neuropathies, and may result from inefficient nerve regeneration due to a defective relationship between Schwann cells, axons and the extracellular matrix. These interactions are mediated by surface receptors and transduced by cytoskeletal molecules. We investigated whether peripheral nerve regeneration is perturbed in mice that lack glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a Schwann-cell-specific cytoskeleton constituent upregulated after damage. Peripheral nerves develop and function normally in GFAP-null mice. However, axonal regeneration after damage was delayed. Mutant Schwann cells maintained the ability to dedifferentiate but showed defective proliferation, a key event for successful nerve regeneration. We also showed that GFAP and the other Schwann-cell-intermediate filament vimentin physically interact in two distinct signaling pathways involved in proliferation and nerve regeneration. GFAP binds integrin alphavbeta8, which initiates mitotic signals soon after damage by interacting with fibrin. Consistently, ERK phosphorylation was reduced in crushed GFAP-null nerves. Vimentin instead binds integrin alpha5beta1, which regulates proliferation and differentiation later in regeneration, and may compensate for the absence of GFAP in mutant mice. GFAP might contribute to form macro-complexes to initiate mitogenic and differentiating signaling for efficient nerve regeneration.
...
PMID:Loss of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) impairs Schwann cell proliferation and delays nerve regeneration after damage. 1698 27

All the preliminary observations on a lot of marker sets defining different stages in the tumor development are building a framework of work hypothesis which can be verified in characterising large pools of histological uniform rated paraffin probes. We developed a bootstrapping algorithm based on correlation measures to uncover regulatory patterns of immunohistochemical characterized tissue arrays with 550 invasive breast cancer cases. The algorithm is implemented in 'S' a computer language used to model mathematical solutions. Focussing on the Cytokeratins versus a set of prominent markers in breast cancer differentiation it will be obvious that markers which are known to appear in early (progenitor) forms conform to CK5/6 and CK14 while others associated with late stages conform to CK8/18 and CK19. Markers examined are among others EGFR, EMA, erb-B2, Vimentin, p53, ER and PR. The developed approach is an elegant and complete procedure to reveal the real regulatory patterns which are enclosed in a certain experimental design. The statistical significance of the results calculated by our algorithm is generally high and in the presented experimental design smaller than 0.6 * 10E-6.
...
PMID:[Bootstrapping algorithm approach reveals inherent regulatory pattern in 550 invasive breast cancer cases: CK5/6/CK14 and CK8/18/CK19 builds an antagonistic set]. 1803 93

Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer in young women has more aggressive biological features and poorer prognosis. However, the role of biological markers in these patients is not well understood. We aimed to learn more about this disease in a cohort of 125 young women from Singapore, Japan and Hong Kong, aged 35 years or less, with invasive breast cancer by evaluating the expression of vimentin and the basal cytokeratins CK14, CK5/6 and 34 beta E12. Both standard paraffin sections and tissue microarrays were used in the immunohistochemical evaluation of expression patterns of these four biological markers. CK5/6, CK14, vimentin and 34 beta E12, in increasing order of proportion, were detected in invasive carcinomas. Basal cytokeratins and vimentin showed significant inverse relationship with estrogen and progesterone receptor status while CK14 expression was found to be directly associated with c-erbB2 status. Basal cytokeratins and vimentin immunoreactivities were directly associated with CD117 and EGFR expression. Vimentin and 34 beta E12 immunopositivity correlated with tumor size, while vimentin was associated with higher histological grade. Our findings are in concert with reports that expression of basal cytokeratins and vimentin is correlated with adverse pathological parameters.
...
PMID:Expression of basal keratins and vimentin in breast cancers of young women correlates with adverse pathologic parameters. 1853 55


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---