Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sera from 25 patients with acute, 36 patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica and 68 patients with pagumogonimiasis skrjabini were tested against SEA, schistosome egg, Paragonimus adult antigen (PAA) and Paragonimus metacercaria using different tests including biotin-avidin system (BAS), ELISA, circumoval precipitate reaction (COPT) and metacercaria membrane reaction (MCMR). Results showed: 1. The specific reactions using PAS and ELISA were (1) both 100% in acute schistosomiasis patients (ASP), (2) 100% and 97.2% respectively in chronic schistosomiasis patients (CSP) and (3) both were 98.5% in paragonimiasis patients (PP). 2. The cross reactions using BAS, ELISA and MCMR were (1) 76%, 72% and 20% respectively in ASP, (2) 27.8%, 22.2% and 19.4% respectively in CSP. 3. The cross reactions using BAS, ELISA and COPT were 26.5%, 30.9% and 8.8% respectively in PP. 4. The frequency of cross reaction was related to the sensitivity of the test used. 5. The frequency of cross reaction in ASP was remarkably lower with MCMR than with BAS or ELISA. 6. The frequency of cross reaction in CSP was related to the intensity of infection. 7. We suggest that more than one test should be carried out in patients who showed cross reaction to a single test, then the frequency of cross reaction would decline.
...
PMID:[Serological cross reaction between schistosomiasis japonica and pagumogonimiasis skrjabini]. 180 53

Major diagnostic proteins of 31/32 kDa were purified from soluble adult worm homogenate of Schistosoma japonicum using AcA ultragel chromatography and additional treatments. The purity of the isolated antigenic proteins (Sj 31/32) was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting technique. The antigens showed a negative reaction when stained by PAS and remained active after treatment with sodium periodate, moving toward anode in the electrophoretic field. These purified antigens were used for detecting the specific antibody in sera from patients with schistosomiasis japonica by ELISA and IHA. As compared with SEA, Sj 31/32 kDa was found as sensitive as but much more specific than SEA in immunodiagnosis.
...
PMID:Purification of 31/32 kDa proteins of adult Schistosoma japonicum as antigens (Sj 31/32) for ELISA and IHA. 778 90

Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticides are relatively nontoxic to vertebrates and offer effective control of certain insect pests. Recent reports of resistance in whiteflies and mosquitoes demonstrate the need to identify and understand genes for resistance to this class of insect growth regulators. Mutants of the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene in Drosophila melanogaster show resistance to both JHAs and JH, and previous biochemical studies have demonstrated a mechanism of resistance involving an intracellular JH binding-protein that has reduced ligand affinity in Met flies. We cloned the Met+ gene by transposable P-element tagging and found reduced transcript level in several mutant alleles, showing that underproduction of the normal gene product can lead to insecticide resistance. Transformation of Met flies with a Met+ cDNA resulted in susceptibility to methoprene, indicating that the cDNA encodes a functional Met+ protein. MET shows homology to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcriptional regulators, implicating MET in the action of JH at the gene level in insects. This family also includes the vertebrate dioxin receptor, a transcriptional regulator known to bind a variety of environmental toxicants. Because JHAs include a diverse array of chemicals with JH activity, a mechanism whereby they can exert effects in insects through a common pathway is suggested.
...
PMID:Insect juvenile hormone resistance gene homology with the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulators. 950 Nov 55

Prostatic adenocarcinoma with a signet ring cell (SRC) component is a rare, incompletely characterized variant that must be distinguished from similar tumors of bladder or gastric origin. In this study, we used mucin and immunoperoxidase stains on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 12 prostatic adenocarcinomas with SRC components, with antibodies to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cytokeratins, MIB-1, bcl-2, c-MET, CD44v6, and CD44v7; we performed a comparison study on six bladder and seven gastric carcinomas with SRCs. The prostatic SRC component was always associated with the usual high-grade adenocarcinoma. Both components were positive for PSA, AE1/AE3, and CAM 5.2 (12 cases of 12) and also expressed c-MET (5 cases of 9), CD44v6 (9 of 10), and CDv7 (9 of 10). Only rare cells stained for bcl-2 (3 cases of 9). The mean MIB-1 proliferation index was 8%. Intracellular mucin was identified (periodic acid-Schiff with diastase predigestion (PAS-D) in 9 cases of 10, mucicarmine in 5 of 10, alcian blue in 6 of 10). Bladder and gastric tumors were positive for PSA (3 cases of 6 and 2 of 7, respectively), using a polyclonal antibody, and for bcl-2 (5 cases of 6, 2 of 7), c-MET (6 of 6, 6 of 7), CD44v6 (5 of 6, 6 of 7), and CD44v7 (4 of 6, 4 of 7), with mean MIB-1 proliferation indices of 15 and 35%, respectively. All were negative for cytokeratin 34 beta E12. We conclude that prostatic adenocarcinomas with SRC components are typically accompanied by high-grade adenocarcinoma; are variably positive for mucin, with PAS-D being the most sensitive stain; show expression of PSA, cytokeratins, MIB-1, bcl-2, c-MET, and CD44 similar to that shown by high-grade adenocarcinoma components; have a low MIB-1 proliferation index; and are not always distinguishable from SRC components of bladder and stomach carcinomas with any of the above stains, including PSA.
...
PMID:Prostatic carcinoma with signet ring cells: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 12 cases, with review of the literature. 964 93

In this study, the histomorphological changes induced by 5 alpha-norethisterone (5 alpha-NET), a reduced metabolite of the contragestational postcoital agent norethisterone, in the oviduct and the uterus of the pregnant rabbit were determined. Adult fertilized rabbits were treated daily with 5 alpha-NET (1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/day) during 7 consecutive days, starting from the first day after coitus. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the histological analysis of the oviduct and the uterus was performed. It was observed that in the infundibulum-ampullae region as well as in the isthmus of the oviduct, the number of nonsecretory cells (PAS-negative) were decreased, whereas the number of secretory cells (PAS-positive) were increased significantly after 5 alpha-NET administration. The proportion of glandular tissue in the uterus markedly diminished in relation to that of the stromal tissue. This indicates an inhibition of the endometrial transformation observed during normal pregnancy. Interestingly, the highest doses of 5 alpha-NET (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day) induced necrosis in the uterus but not in the oviduct. These results suggest that the molecular antiprogestational effects previously observed after 5 alpha-NET administration are also related to changes in the histomorphology of both the oviduct and the uterus of the pregnant rabbit.
...
PMID:Differential effects of 5 alpha-norethisterone on the histomorphology of the oviduct and uterus of the pregnant rabbit. 967 43

There is considerable debate about whether the mucous neck cell (MNC) in the mucosa of the gastric corpus is merely a transit cell population, intermediate between gastric stem cells and the differentiated zymogenic (chief or peptic) cell lineages, or has distinct functions of its own. To cast light on these possibilities, the secretory phenotype of the MNC has been examined. Archival gastric body samples from non-ulcer dyspepsia biopsies and gastrectomies performed for peptic ulcer disease were stained with antibodies to the trefoil peptides TFF1/pS2 and TFF2/SP, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR), and to the MUC1 gene product--HMFG2. Human MNCs express PSTI, TFF1/pS2, TFF2/SP, and EGF proteins, while rat MNCs express TFF2/SP; the mucin contained in the MNCs is diastase/periodic acid Schiff (D/PAS)-positive and stains with human milk fat globulin (HMFG2). The canaliculi but not the cytoplasm of adjacent parietal cells were also decorated focally by D/PAS, by HMFG2, and by antibodies to TFF2/SP and TFF1/pS2. These findings favour the hypothesis that MNCs have a defined phenotype and are thus a separate and distinct cell lineage, secreting a number of luminally-active peptides which protect the gastric mucosa, and in particular the adjacent parietal cells, from the effects of secreted gastric acid. Moreover, a considerable degree of similarity in secretory profile is noted between MNCs and the so-called 'reparative lineages' in the gut--the ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL) and hyperplastic polyp epithelium. If, on the other hand, the MNCs are indeed a transit population differentiating into zymogenic or peptic cells, then it is clear that having differentiated into one secretory phenotype producing a range of peptides, the MNC then proceeds to differentiate into a cell with a totally different secretory phenotype, a phenomenon unique in gastrointestinal cell lineage relationships.
...
PMID:The mucous neck cell in the human gastric corpus: a distinctive, functional cell lineage. 1039 88

The Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene product in Drosophila melanogaster facilitates the action of juvenile hormone (JH) and JH analog insecticides. Previous work resulted in the cloning and identification of the gene as a member of the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulators. A Met(+) cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli, and polyclonal antibody was prepared against the purified protein. A single band on a Western blot at the expected size of 79kD was detected in extracts from Met(+) larvae but not from Met(27) null mutant larvae, demonstrating the antibody specificity. Antibody detected MET in all stages of D. melanogaster development and showed tissue specificity of its expression. MET is present in all cells of early embryos but dissipates during gastrulation. In larvae it is present in larval fat body, certain imaginal cells, and immature salivary glands. In pupae it persists in fat body cells and imaginal cells, including abdominal histoblast cells. In adult females MET is present in ovarian follicle cells and spermathecae; in adult males it is present in male accessory gland and ejaculatory duct cells. In all of these tissues MET is found exclusively in the nucleus. Some of these tissues are known JH target tissues but others are not, suggesting either the presence of novel JH target tissues or another function for MET.
...
PMID:Intracellular localization and tissue specificity of the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene product in Drosophila melanogaster. 1087 28

The Ets family contains a growing number of transcriptional activators and inhibitors, which activity is regulated by phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. Among these factors, Ets1, Erg1 and Fli1 are expressed in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in normal and pathological development. The expression of these transcription factors is regulated by angiogenic factors in cultured endothelial cells, as well as by various stresses occurring during angiogenesis. Transfection experiments and transgenic mice analysis revealed that Ets family members are involved in the transcriptional regulation of endothelial specific genes such as those encoding Tie1 and -2, VEGFR1 and -2 and VE-Cadherin. In vitro studies plead for a role of Ets family members in endothelial cell adhesion, spreading and motility. Gene inactivation experiments show that Ets1 is dispensable for embryonic development. The phenotype of knocked-out embryos indicates that Tel is required for maintenance of the developing vascular network in the yolk sac. Altogether, we suggest that Ets family members act both positively and negatively during the different steps of the angiogenic process. The regulation of the initiation of gene transcription arises from the combined activity of different transcriptional regulators. Therefore very few transcription factors are specific for a physiological process, or a given cell type. The transcriptional network that regulates blood vessel formation involves transcription factors which are expressed in a variety of situations. The Lung Kruppel Like Factor (LKLF) which is required for blood vessel stabilisation during murine development is also expressed in the primitive vertebrae and in the lung of the adult (C.T. Kuo, M.L. Veselits, K.P. Barton, M.M. Lu, C. Clendenin, J.M. Leiden, The LKLF transcription factor is required for normal tunica media formation and blood vessel stabilisation during murine embryogenesis, Genes Dev. 11 (22) (1997) 2996-3006). Scl/Tal1 which is essential for angiogenic remodelling of the yolk sac capillary network (J.E. Visvader, Y. Fujiwara, S.H. Orkin, Unsuspected role for the T-cell leukemia protein SCL/tal-1 in vascular development, Genes Dev. 12 (4) (1998) 473-479), is involved in blood cell development and is also expressed in the developing brain. The EPAS transcription factor which was thought to be endothelial cell specific in the mouse embryo (H. Tian, S.L. McKnight, D.W. Russell, Endothelial PAS domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor selectively expressed in endothelial cells, Genes Dev. 11 (1) (1997) 72-82) is also expressed in the liver, kidney and cells of the sympathetic nervous system of the chick embryo (J. Favier, H. Kempf, P. Corvol, J.M. Gasc, Cloning and expression pattern of EPAS1 in the chicken embryo. Colocalization with tyrosine hydroxylase, FEBS Lett. 462 (1-2) (1999) 19-24). Ets1, which expression was originally detected in lymphoid cells of adult tissues, has been the first transcription factor to be identified in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in the embryo (B. Vandenbunder, L. Pardanaud, T. Jaffredo, M.A. Mirabel, D. Stehelin, Complementary patterns of expression of c-etsl, c-myb and c-myc in the blood-forming system of the chick embryo, Development 107 (1989) 265-274 [5]) and in tumours (N. Wernert, M.B. Raes, P. Lassalle, M.P. Dehouck, B. Gosselin, B. Vandenbunder, D. Stehelin, The c-ets 1 proto-oncogene is a transcription factor expressed in endothelial cells during tumor vascularisation and other forms of angiogenesis in man, Am. J. Path. 140 (1992) 119-127 [6]). Since then, the Ets family has extended and this review will emphasise the relationships between these factors and angiogenesis.
...
PMID:The Ets family contains transcriptional activators and repressors involved in angiogenesis. 1131 8

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are frequently chemo- and radiation resistant. Thus, there is a need for identifying biological features of these cells that could serve as alternative therapeutic targets. We performed suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) on patient-matched normal renal and RCC tissue to identify variably regulated genes. 11 genes were strongly up-regulated or selectively expressed in more than one RCC tissue or cell line. Screening of filters containing cancer-related cDNAs confirmed overexpression of 3 of these genes and 3 additional genes were identified. These 14 differentially expressed genes, only 6 of which have previously been associated with RCC, are related to tumour growth/survival (EGFR, cyclin D1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and a MLRQ sub-unit homologue of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial PAS domain protein-1, ceruloplasmin, angiopoietin-related protein 2) and cell adhesion/motility (protocadherin 2, cadherin 6, autotaxin, vimentin, lysyl oxidase and semaphorin G). Since some of these genes were overexpressed in 80-90% of RCC tissues, it is important to evaluate their suitability as therapeutic targets.
...
PMID:Identification of human renal cell carcinoma associated genes by suppression subtractive hybridization. 1172 Apr 77

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex heterodimeric transcription factor, comprising the basic helix-loop-helix-Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) domain aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) proteins, mediates the toxic effects of TCDD (2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). The molecular events underlying TCDD-inducible gene activation, beyond the activation of the AHRC, are poorly understood. The SRC-1/NCoA-1, NCoA-2/GRIP-1/TIF-2, and p/CIP/AIB/ACTR proteins have been shown to act as mediators of transcriptional activation. In this report, we demonstrate that SRC-1, NCoA-2, and p/CIP are capable of independently enhancing TCDD-dependent induction of a luciferase reporter gene by the AHR/ARNT dimer. Furthermore, injection of anti-SRC-1 or anti-p/CIP immunoglobulin G into mammalian cells abolishes the transcriptional activity of a TCDD-dependent reporter gene. We demonstrate by coimmunoprecipitation and by a reporter gene assay that SRC-1 and NCoA-2 but not p/CIP are capable of interacting with ARNT in vivo after transient transfection into mammalian cells, while AHR is capable of interacting with all three coactivators. We confirm the interactions of ARNT and AHR with SRC-1 with immunocytochemical techniques. Furthermore, SRC-1, NCoA-2, and p/CIP all associate with the CYP1A1 enhancer region in a TCDD-dependent fashion, as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We demonstrate by yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and mammalian reporter gene assays that ARNT requires its helix 2 domain but not its transactivation domain to interact with SRC-1. This indicates a novel mechanism of action for SRC-1. SRC-1 does not require its bHLH-PAS domain to interact with ARNT or AHR, but utilizes distinct domains proximal to its p300/CBP interaction domain. Taken together, these data support a role for the SRC family of transcriptional coactivators in TCDD-dependent gene regulation.
...
PMID:Recruitment of the NCoA/SRC-1/p160 family of transcriptional coactivators by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator complex. 1202 42


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>

---