Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Comparative studies were carried out on some methods and nutrient media used for the isolation and identification of mastitis causative agents. Milk from normal andmastitis-affected udder quarters was aseptically sampled and treated under various conditions. Individual samples were simultaneously seeded in different media. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. Milk samples for the diagnosis of mastitis of a subclinical character can be taken at the beginning and at the end of milking. 2. Direct seedings of milk have equal diagnostic value as those of the sediment. With the former the process of bacteriologic treatment of the samples is shortened in time, and the isolation and differentiation of the mastitis agents is rendered feasible. 3. At the present etiologic structure of the subclinical types of mastitis in this country most suitable has proved the blood agar medium in which almost all mastitis causative agents can be demonstrated. 4. Kartashova's medium and the TKT-medium possess a pronounced selectivity with special reference to streptococci and have higher diagnostic value for farms where streptococcus mastitis is prevailing.
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PMID:[Comparative studies of methods for the bacteriological diagnosis of mastitis in cows]. 34 99

Differentiation was carried out of a total of 170 strains of streptococci that caused mastitis, which were isolated from 3200 milk samples taken from a farm. Ouchterlony's agar gel precipitation method was employed for the serologic typing of the strains along with the Jonagar No. 2 Oxoid and group antisera. The biochemical behaviour of the strains was followed up with regard to the hydrolysis of esculin and sodium hippurate, the fermentation of lactose, sucrose, glucose, trehalose, mannite, and salicin, and the breakdown of arginine. It was found that 17.05 per cent of the isolated mastitis streptococci belonged to group B, 17.64 per cent belonged to group C, and 62.94 per cent--to group C. Untypeable were as many as 2.37 per cent. The behaviour of these three groups of mastitis causative agents with regard to esculin and sodium hippurate proved most stable in the biochemical differentiation of the strains. In this respect the selective TKT agar medium could be used in a mass scale diagnosis for the rapid differentiation of the most frequently isolated mastitis streptococci on the base of the characteristic morphologic traits.
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PMID:[Differentiation of the streptococci isolated from the milk of cows with mastitis]. 702 Feb 33

Studied was the diagnostic value of the liquid enriched nutrient medium - Streptococcus broth with kanamycin, used for the isolation of Sc. agalactiae and other mastitis streptococci in individual milk samples as well as that of blood dextrose agar with polymyxin + Staphylococcus toxin seeded after Koch for the isolation of Sc. agalactiae and other hemolytic streptococci in pooled cow milk. Direct seedings in thallium sulfate-crystal violet-B toxin blood agar (TKT agar) were used as a control. It was found that the enriched Streptococcus broth with kanamycin yields growth of 0.23 per cent more Sc. agalactiae organisms and 1.82 per cent other mastitis streptococci in individual milk samples as compared to the TKT agar. The blood dextrose agar with polymyxin seeded after Koch demonstrates fivefold more Sc. agalactiae in pooled cow milk as against the direct seedings in TKT agar, and it can be used to confirm the infection on the farms.
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PMID:[Use of selective nutrient media for isolating the streptococci that cause mastitis]. 702 76

The gene TKT from P. stipitis, encoding the enzyme transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1), was cloned from a genomic library by hybridization with a S. cerevisiae TKT1-gene-specific probe. The nucleotide sequence determined contains an open-reading frame of 2085 base pairs (bp) encoding a protein of 695 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 75113 Da. The TKT gene was actively expressed in S. cerevisiae when placed under the control of the homologous PDC1(-15) promoter and could complement a S. cerevisiae tkt deletion. The TKT protein was immunologically detectable using S. cerevisiae transketolase-specific antiserum. Overexpression of the P. stipitis TKT gene in a xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae XYL1/XYL2 integrant led to a drastically extended generation time during growth on xylose minimal medium under aerobic conditions.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the Pichia stipitis transketolase gene and expression in a xylose-utilising Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformant. 776 73

Using a polymerase chain reaction-mediated approach we have characterized cDNAs from human and mouse origin representing a novel type of receptor protein tyrosine kinase (RTK). The deduced amino acid sequence (855 amino acids) of the longest open reading frame has a unique extracellular region encompassing a factor VIII-like domain, not previously described for RTKs. The most closely related RTKs are members of the neurotrophin receptors (TRK), which showed 47-49% homology with the kinase domain of the new RTK. Therefore, the new gene has been called TKT (Tyrosine-Kinase related to TRK). TKT orthologs from man and mouse were 98% similar. In both species a major transcript of 10 kb was found to be expressed at high levels in heart and lung. Low levels of this mRNA-species were detected in human brain, placenta, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and in mouse brain and testis. Analysing human/mouse somatic cell hybrids we demonstrated that TKT segregates with human chromosome 1.
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PMID:Structure, expression and chromosomal mapping of TKT from man and mouse: a new subclass of receptor tyrosine kinases with a factor VIII-like domain. 824 48

As part of a systematic search for differentially expressed genes, we have isolated a novel transketolase-related gene (TKR) (HGMW-approved symbol TKT), located between the green color vision pigment gene (GCP) and the ABP-280 filamin gene (FLN1) in Xq28. Transcripts encoding tissue-specific protein isoforms could be isolated. Comparison with known transketolases (TK) demonstrated a TKR-specific deletion mutating one thiamine binding site. Genomic sequencing of the TKR gene revealed the presence of a pseudoexon as well as the acquisition of a tissue-specific spliced exon compared to TK. Since it has been postulated that the vertebrate genome arose by two cycles of tetraploidization from a cephalochordate genome, this could represent an example of the modulation of the function of a preexisting transketolase gene by gene duplication. Thiamine defiency is closely involved with two neurological disorders, Beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndromes, and in both of these conditions TK with altered activity are found. We discuss the possible involvement of TKR in explaining the observed variant transketolase forms.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of tissue-specific transcripts of a transketolase-related gene: implications for the evolution of new vertebrate genes. 883 93

Earlier experiments in this laboratory identified a highly expressed 65-68-kDa protein in both mouse and human corneas (Cuthbertson, R. A. , Tomarev, S. I., and Piatigorsky J. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 4004-4008). Here, we demonstrate that this protein is transketolase (TKT; EC 2.2.1.1), an enzyme in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose-phosphate pathway, based on peptide and cDNA isolation and sequence analysis of mouse cornea protein and RNA samples, respectively. While expressed at low levels in a number of tissues, the 2.1-kilobase TKT mRNA was expressed at a 50-fold higher level in the adult mouse cornea. The area of most abundant expression was localized to the cornea epithelial cell layer by in situ hybridization. Western blot analysis confirmed TKT protein abundance in the cornea and indicated that TKT may comprise as much as 10% of the total soluble protein of the adult mouse cornea. Soluble cornea extracts exhibited a correspondingly high level of TKT enzymatic activity. TKT expression increased progressively through cornea maturation, as shown by Northern blot, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and enzymatic analyses. TKT mRNA and protein were expressed at low levels in the cornea prior to eye opening, while markedly increased levels were observed after eye opening. Taken together, these observations suggest that TKT may be a cornea enzyme-crystallin, and suggest that the crystallin paradigm and concept of gene sharing, once thought to be restricted to the lens, apply to other transparent ocular tissues.
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PMID:Transketolase is a major protein in the mouse cornea. 896 23

We have used the polymerase chain reaction to clone and characterize growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) expressed in 3 pathologically distinct pediatric brain tumors, an anaplastic ependymoma, a glioblastoma multiforme and a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). These neoplasms are presumed to be derived from embryonic neuroepithelial precursor cells of the central nervous system. This cloning demonstrated expression of 24 distinct kinase genes: 16 receptor type kinases and 8 nonreceptor type kinases. The expression of 6 receptors, including Hek2, IRR, Ryk, FGFR3, and 2 members of the newly identified cell adhesion kinase receptor family, DDR and TKT, in such tumors has not been reported previously. Northern analysis of mRNA levels revealed DDR expression in 6 of 7 pediatric brain tumors including an ependymoma, PNET, glioblastoma and astrocytoma, and also in an adult pheochromocytoma. Thus, the DDR cell adhesion kinase may be widely expressed in pediatric brain tumors. Also, PCR cloning may be an effective procedure for characterizing RTKs in clinical tissue samples and revealing the expression of novel RTK species.
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PMID:Pediatric brain tumors express multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including novel cell adhesion kinases. 907 49

Group B streptococci (GBS) were isolated from bovine milk and from vaginas and throats of antenatal and postnatal women using TKT and rapid GBS media. Sixty-three of 529 (12%) bovine bulk milk samples, 9 of 48 (19%) vaginal and 3 of 48 (6%) throat samples were positive. Both bovine and human beta haemolytic isolates were characterized biochemically and serologically. Pigment production was a characteristic of both human and bovine beta haemolytic isolates. The majority (88%) of human isolates fermented salicin and not lactose and most bovine isolates were either lactose positive/salicin positive (41%) or lactose positive/salicin negative (38%). Human and bovine isolates were 100% and 85% typable respectively. Serotype distribution was similar in the bovine and human populations with serotype la, lc and lll being most common in both. Fermentation of sugars showed major differences between bovine and human isolates but similarity in serotype distribution suggests some genetic relationship.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of group B streptococci from human and bovine sources within and around Nairobi. 920 31

Many clinically important enteric pathogens initiate disease by invading and passing through the intestinal epithelium, a process accompanied by increased epithelial expression of proinflammatory cytokines. To further define the role intestinal epithelial cells play in initiating and modulating the host response to infection with invasive bacteria, hybrid selection on high density cDNA arrays was used to characterize the mRNA expression profile of approximately 4,300 genes in human intestinal epithelial cells after infection with the prototypic invasive bacteria, Salmonella. Selected findings were further evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot analysis, and protein assays. Epithelial infection with Salmonella significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of a relatively small fraction of all genes tested. Of these, several cytokines (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, inhibin A, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, interleukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-2alpha), kinases (TKT, Eck, HEK), transcription factors (interferon regulatory factor-1), and HLA class I were the most prominent. Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-kappaB is shown to be important for inducible mRNA expression for a broad group of genes tested. These findings expand the repertoire of known epithelial cell responses to infection with an invasive enteric pathogen. The results also show that evaluation of mRNA expression profiles by cDNA array analysis is a powerful approach to characterizing and understanding host-pathogen interactions.
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PMID:Analysis by high density cDNA arrays of altered gene expression in human intestinal epithelial cells in response to infection with the invasive enteric bacteria Salmonella. 1079 83


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