Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between psychopathy as measured by The Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) and delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and personality disorders in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. Thirty adolescent inpatients were assessed for psychopathy, delinquent behaviors, DSM-III-R Axis I disorders, and personality disorders using the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R), the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA-R), and the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SIDP-R). Significant relationships were noted between elevated PCL-R psychopathy scores and delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder. The validity of the PCL-R as a measure of psychopathy in adolescence was supported. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the clinical application of the PCL-R to adolescent populations.
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PMID:Adolescent psychopathy in relation to delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder, and personality disorders. 778 47

Diagnosis of life-threatening illness now meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for traumatic stressor exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Quality of life (QOL) and PTSD-like symptoms were assessed in 55 women posttreatment for breast cancer. PTSD symptom measures included the PTSD Checklist--Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Impact of Events Scale. QOL was assessed using the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire. PTSD symptomatology was negatively related to QOL, income, and age. Time since treatment, type of cytotoxic treatment, and stage of disease were unrelated to PTSD symptoms. With suggested criteria for the PCL-C, 5% to 10% of the sample would likely meet DSM-IV PTSD criteria. Findings suggest that in survivors of breast cancer, these symptoms might be fairly common, may exceed the base rate of these symptoms in the general population, are associated with reports of poorer QOL, and, therefore, warrant further research and clinical attention.
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PMID:Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer. 854 20

What was known in the past as "obsessive psychoneurosis" was considered to be rare, chronic and difficult to treat. New definitions proposed by APA diagnostic systems (DSM III, DSM III-R, DSM IV) and the WHO (ICD-10) have opened up the possibility of epidemiologic studies in the population as a whole and among patients consulting psychiatrists and general practitioners. All these studies reveal a much higher prevalence, the incidence increasing from 0.05% (former estimate) to about 2.5% of the general population (American ECA survey). This implies new clinical and etiopathogenic concepts of this pathology. Experience of so-called antidepressant drugs, with an essentially serotoninergic action, bringing about a notable improvement in obsessive disorders, has greatly contributed to these changes. COD and COS are very often interlinked with other psychiatric symptomatology, this frequent co-morbidity raising the question of the autonomy of certain syndromes, as well as that of the borders between the normal and pathological. The TOC of clinicians are not the same as the TOC of epidemiologists. Another problem is that of the role played by these obsessive disorders in what has been referred to as "general neurotic syndrome". What is the relationship between mood disorders and anxious pathology as a whole, insofar as the same drugs are indicated in these various disease patterns. We report here the results of the DRT survey involving patients presenting for the first time to psychiatrists in office practice and concerning 731 COD and COS, i.e. 17 % of 4 364 adult out-patients (6.5 % definite COD, 2.7 % probable COD and 7.5 % COS).
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PMID:[Obsessive disorders and syndromes and affective disorders. Apropos of a French epidemiologic obsessive compulsive disorders and obsessive compulsive syndromes DRT survey]. 876 24

This study compares Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) scores, DSM-III-R diagnoses, and select behavioral indices between hospitalized insanity acquittees (N = 18) and hospitalized insanity acquittees who successfully malingered (N = 18). The malingerers were significantly more likely to have a history of murder or rape, carry a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder or sexual sadism, and produce greater PCL-R factor 1, factor 2, and total scores than insanity acquittees who did not malinger. The malingerers were also significantly more likely to be verbally or physically assaultive, require specialized treatment plans to control their aggression, have sexual relations with female staff, deal drugs, and be considered an escape risk within the forensic hospital. These findings are discussed within the context of insanity statutes and the relevance of malingering, psychopathy, and treatability to future policy concerning the disposition of insanity acquittees.
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PMID:A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity acquittees. 884 29

The relationship between psychopathy and mental disorders was investigated in 61 male subjects during a forensic psychiatric examination. The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) were used for the assessments. Although psychotic subjects were excluded, the overall psychiatric morbidity in the study population was high. Comorbidity was common, irrespective of the degree of psychopathy. Psychopathy was strongly positively correlated with substance abuse/dependence but negatively correlated with depression. Almost all of the subjects with high PCL-R scores had DSM-III-R antisocial and/or borderline personality disorders. However, some subjects with antisocial personality disorders had medium or low PCL-R scores. When the subjects were reassessed with diagnoses of DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders, the difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder was reduced.
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PMID:Psychopathy and Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders in a forensic psychiatric population in Sweden. 891 55

The effects of the cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor antagonist CI-988 on symptoms elicited by the cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK4) were studied in DSM-IIIR patients with panic disorder. The study employed a double-blind, two-period incomplete block design. Patients (n = 14) received two different dosages of CI-988 (50 mg or 100 mg) or placebo 2 h prior to an IV bolus injection of CCK4 (20 micrograms) on two separate occasions. The primary efficacy parameter was the total intensity score on the Panic Symptoms Scale (PSS). Secondary parameters were the number of panic symptoms, time to and occurrence of the first panic symptoms, duration of symptoms, intensity of apprehension and the percentage of patients who did not have a panic attack. The PSS failed to show a statistically significant treatment effect on any of these outcome measures. The average panic rate was 50%, 14.3% and 37.5% after placebo, 50 and 100 mg CI-988, respectively. The differences in panic rate were not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that CI-988 in doses up to 100 mg is not effective in reducing symptoms of panic anxiety induced by CCK4.
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PMID:The cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist CI-988 failed to affect CCK-4 induced symptoms in panic disorder patients. 908 62

Forty-eight male subjects who met the DSM-IV (APA, 1994) criteria for conduct disorder (CD) were assessed for psychopathy level using a modified version of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, Forth, Hart, & Hare, 1990). Rorschach variables associated with self-perception, affects, and object relations, early behavioral problems and history of violence were compared between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic CD adolescents. Psychopathic CD subjects were significantly more self-centered and violent than nonpsychopathic CD subjects. Decreased attachment and anxiety were found in both CD groups. Our study adds empirical support to the heterogeneity noted among CD adolescents (PCL-R), supports the utility of the Rorschach for detecting individual differences among CD subjects, and extends the empirical work of Gacono and Meloy (1994) to adolescent psychopathy.
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PMID:A Rorschach comparison of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic conduct disordered adolescents. 916 83

The presence of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in women (n = 82) diagnosed with Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer was assessed 6 to 72 months after cancer therapy. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the PTSD module for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Nonpatient Version, PTSD module (SCID-NP-PTSD) were administered in a telephone interview. SCID-NP-PTSD results indicated prevalence rates of 6% and 4% for current and lifetime PTSD, respectively. Use of the recommended cutoff score of 50 on the PCL-C to determine diagnosis of current cancer-related PTSD resulted in a sensitivity of .60 and a specificity of .99 with 2 false-negative diagnoses. In conclusion, PTSD can be precipitated by diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and the PCL-C can be a cost-effective screening tool for this disorder.
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PMID:Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) as a screening instrument. 964

Homicidal sex offenders represent an understudied population in the forensic literature. Forty-eight homicidal sex offenders assessed between 1982 and 1992 were studied in relation to a comparison group of incest offenders. Historical features, commonly used psychological inventories, criminal histories, phallometric assessments, and DSM diagnoses were collected on each group. The homicidal sex offenders, compared with the incest offenders, self-reported that they had more frequently been removed from their homes during childhood and had more violence and forensic psychiatric contact in their histories. On the self-report psychological inventories, the homicidal sex offenders portrayed themselves as functioning significantly better in the areas of sexuality (Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory) and aggression/hostility (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory). However, on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), researchers rated the homiciders significantly more psychopathic than the incest offenders on Factor 1 (personality traits) and Factor 2 (antisocial history). Police records revealed the homicidal subjects also had been charged or convicted of more violent and nonviolent nonsexual offenses. The phallometric assessments indicated that the homicidal sex offenders demonstrated higher levels of response to pedophilic stimuli and were significantly more aroused to stimuli depicting assaultive acts to children, relative to the incest offenders. Despite the homiciders' self-reports of fairly good psychological functioning, DSM-III diagnoses reliably discriminated between the groups. A large number of homicidal sex offenders were diagnosed as suffering from psychosis, antisocial personality disorder, paraphilias, sexual sadism, sexual sadism with pedophilia, and substance abuse. Seventy-five percent of the homicidal sex offenders had three or more diagnoses compared with six percent of the incest offenders. The article addresses the role of "hard" versus "soft" measures in the assessment and treatment of violent sex offenders. In addition, the usefulness of phallometric assessments and the PCL-R and its subscales are considered.
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PMID:Homicidal sex offenders: psychological, phallometric, and diagnostic features. 989 11

Sixteen healthy subjects participated in a crossover, double blind, and placebo-controlled study, designed to assess simultaneously the psychological and cardiovascular effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK4). Following an i.v. injection of 25 microg of CCK4, 44 percent of subjects experienced symptoms that fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for a panic attack while no one panicked with placebo. CCK4 induced a significantly greater number and higher intensity of panic-like symptoms than placebo. A significant increase in state anxiety was observed in the period after CCK4 injection; this increase was significantly larger than the non-specific anxious reaction to placebo. CCK4 also affected cardiovascular signs. Both heart rate and mean blood pressure significantly increased after administration of CCK4. Again, these increases were significantly higher than those seen after placebo injection. We conclude that, in healthy subjects, CCK4 induces panic-like reaction characterized by a number of somatic, cognitive and emotional symptoms, which are accompanied by increases in heart rate and blood pressure.
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PMID:CCK4-induced panic in healthy subjects I: psychological and cardiovascular effects. 1008 41


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