Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

M NET, the Referring Physician Computer Network, is a joint project between the University of Michigan Medical Center (UMMC) and IBM. A graphical user interface was developed to allow referring physicians easy access to a variety of patient, clinical, and institutional data. File transfer mechanisms were created and current clinical database files and programs were enhanced and restructured to facilitate remote data transmission. M NET is currently installed in referring physician office sites across the state, with additional physician sites identified and program enhancements under development.
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PMID:M NET: a statewide referring physician computer network. 148 96

Physical exercise is widely used in the treatment of chronic pain patients, and direct measurement of physical capabilities is needed to objectively document change. In this study, 46 residential chronic pain patients undergoing treatment at a multidisciplinary rehabilitation center were administered a cycle ergometer graded exercise test, using a Medical Graphics CAD/NET exercise system, to measure aerobic fitness and other physiological parameters before and after the four-week treatment program. Patients evinced highly statistically significant changes in all major indices of cardiopulmonary functioning, including MAXVO2 and METS, and a measure of lower body power (WATTS). Possible mechanisms underlying such dramatic changes in this short time period include improved physical fitness, learning or desensitization to symptoms associated with exertion, and improved effort. Documenting treatment-related changes is important, and metabolic exercise testing provides an objective method for assessing changes in functional capacities. Such changes may have important practical implications for these individuals. The importance of assessing and improving aerobic fitness in chronic pain populations is discussed.
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PMID:Assessment of aerobic power in chronic pain patients before and after a multi-disciplinary treatment program. 164 22

A retrospective chart review of 50 pharmacotherapeutically resistant patients was performed after treatment with NET in 1986-1988. 28 patients suffered from schizophrenia and 22 from affective psychosis. In contrast to literature where NET as therapy of first choice has favourable results in depression in this study 60.7% of the treatment resistant acute schizophrenics responded well to NET. 3 months after discharge from hospital 9 schizophrenics (32.1%) but only 3 patients with affective psychosis (13.6%) presented a 'good' outcome (full remission). A longer duration of schizophrenia (more than 5 years since first manifestation) and a good response to neuroleptics in history was predictive for a good actual NET response (14 of 17 patients), whereas 7 of 11 patients suffering from schizophrenia less than 3 years without any period of full remission on neuroleptics were also non-responders to NET.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of neuro-electric therapy in drug resistant endogenous psychoses]. 167 54

Pharmacokinetic profile was studied in 25 healthy fertile Chinese female volunteers after im norethindrone enanthate (NET-EN) 200 mg. The results were compared with the data from British women in our previous paper. Following a single im NET-EN 200 mg, the times to reach peak levels of NET-EN and NET were 4.0 +/- 2.8 d and 5.4 +/- 2.0 d, and their peak values were 5.0 +/- 1.8 and 12.6 +/- 0.9 ng.ml-1, respectively. Mean elimination T1/2 of NET was significantly longer than that of NET-EN. Mean apparent elimination T1/2 were 14.8 +/- 3.8 d for and 11.4 +/- 5.7 d for NET-EN. The elimination rate of NET in Chinese women was significantly slower than that in British women. There was no significant ethnic difference in absorption kinetics of NET and NET-EN.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics of norethindrone enanthate 200 mg after intramuscular injection in 25 Chinese women]. 177 87

The effect of norethindrone acetate (NET-Ac) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) on the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)-delta5-isomerase complex of the human fetal testis was studied by administration of 20 mg NET-Ac and 0.04 mg EE2 p.o on a single day to 4 women, pregnant 10-16 weeks, before abortion was induced, the other 4 patients serving as controls. Testosterone and androstenedione formation from radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone was measured in 8 fetuses by incubation of testicular tissue in vitro. The presence of normal feta Leydig cells was confirmed by electron microscopy. There was no difference between the enzyme activities of testicles in the experimental and control groups. The findins give values of 3 beta-HSD-isomerase activity in human fetal testis and suggest that the steroidogenic function of the fetal testis exposed for a short time to normally used contraceptive steroids remains at the same magnitude.
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PMID:Androgen synthesis in human fetal testis exposed in utero to a combination of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. 181 50

Weight gain and psychomotor development of breastfed infants of Egyptian mothers using Norplant, Cu T-380A IUDs, norethisterone enanthate injectables (NET-EN), Depo Provera and a levonorgestrel minipill were compared in 2 trials. First, groups of 120 women using Norplant and NET-EN were compared to a control group using IUDs, beginning 5-7 weeks postpartum. There were no differences in infant weight gain, mid-arm circumference, triceps-skin-fold thickness, or timing of motor milestones. The mean growth curve of all 3 groups were close to that of the 50th percentile for Egyptian infants. While timing of initiation of supplements was similar in the 3 groups, complete weaning occurred first in the IUD group, second in the Norplant group, and last in the NET-EN users. A second trail compared progesterone implants injected with a trocar that resulted in a blood level of 3 ng/ml for 5 months, with Population Council vaginal rings releasing 10 progesterone/24 hours, and CuT-380A IUDs. Serum progesterone in the ring users averaged 5.2 ng/ml for the 1st 2 weeks, then leveled off at about 4 ng/ml for about 2 months, falling to about 3 ng/ml for the last 3 weeks of use. Each women used 4 rings per year. Evidence of ovulation by ultrasonic vaginal probe and assay of estradiol and progesterone was apparent in 25% of vaginal ring users, compared to 55.9% of controls in the 2nd 6 months postpartum. There was 1 pregnancy in a ring users. The continuation rates were 66.6% for rings and 85.5% for IUDs. The reasons for discontinuation in vaginal ring continuation were logistical problems and unfamiliarity.
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PMID:Contraception with progestogens and progesterone during lactation. 183 50

Two groups, each composed of 20 women, who used depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) injectable contraceptives were investigated for changes in 75-g OGTT and in the fasting and two-hour post oral glucose load (2-hours) levels of serum insulin, growth hormone, glucagon, cortisol and blood pyruvate. Samples were taken before and 3, 6 and 12 months after use of injectables. DMPA and NET-EN caused significant changes in mean blood glucose and pyruvate and in mean serum insulin, growth hormone and glucagon, but not in mean fasting cortisol. Changes with NET-EN started after 3 months, became maximal after 6 months and reverted to normal after 12 months of use, due to more frequent administration during the first 6 months of use (every 60 +/- 5 days) and to more spacing of the injections (every 84 +/- 5 days) after that. Changes with DMPA started after 3 months, and increased with the duration of use to become maximal after 12 months. Maximal changes were similar with DMPA and NET-EN and consisted of: a significant increase in fasting blood glucose and pyruvate and serum insulin; a significant increase in 2-hour blood glucose and pyruvate, serum insulin, growth hormone and glucagon. Although significant changes in blood glucose levels occurred with both DMPA and NET-EN, yet they did not reach the lower cut-off levels for impaired glucose tolerance in any user. With the same spacing of injections, i.e. every 84 +/- 5 days for NET-EN and every 90 +/- 5 days for DMPA, the effects on various parameters studied were less with NET-EN.
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PMID:Effect of long-acting progestagen-only injectable contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism and its hormonal profile. 183 54

The isolation and characterization of an isotype-specific autoantibody-secreting hybridoma NET/2/3 from rats bearing the syngeneic tumour HSN is described. This rheumatoid factor of the IgM class recognizes an epitope within the hinge region of rat immunoglobulins of the IgG2b subclass which is destroyed by reduction of disulphide bonds. The specificity of NET/2/3, although not allotype-restricted, is highly isotype-restricted, as it does not bind to rat Ig other than IgG2b, nor does it react with the majority of mouse IgG, although some reactivity occurs with mouse IgG3. One remarkable feature of NET 2/3 is that it binds more strongly to F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments of rat IgG2b, obtained by digestion with pepsin, than to the whole molecule. This anti-isotype response is not peculiar to the HSN tumour model as NET/2/3-like antibodies have been found in the sera of rats immunized with various protein and cellular antigens. The possible biological role of this anti-isotype antibody is discussed.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal rheumatoid factor specific for the hinge region of rat IgG2b. 186 82

Endometrial bleeding and alteration in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, ovarian function and endometrial morphology were studied in twelve normally menstruating women who received the injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) 200mg at 60-day intervals. Levels of clotting factor VII declined significantly during episodes of irregular bleeding compared to those during both normal pretreatment menstruation and the bleeding-free period during treatment. Antithrombin III and fibrinolytic activity, expressed by euglobulin lysis time, showed no marked change. The average level of progesterone during the bleeding-free period was slightly but significantly lower than that during the bleeding period. There were no significant alterations in the mean levels of estradiol and the ratio of estradiol to progesterone. The endometrial biopsies showed considerable individual variation and seem to be independent of the effects of NET-EN on ovarian function.
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PMID:Effect of norethisterone enanthate on endometrial bleeding and changes in coagulation function, ovarian hormones and endometrial histology in Thai women. 189 2

Five synthetic progestins of the 19-nortestosterone type (norethisterone, NET; levonorgestrel, LN; gestodene, GEST; NET-3-oxime, NETO; norgestimate, NGM) were investigated in the in vitro hepatocyte model. Radiolabelled progestins were added to hepatocyte suspensions (3 x 10(6) cells/ml) freshly prepared from female rat, guinea pig, rabbit, dog (beagle) and cynomolgus monkey. Drug level decreases (NET, LN, GEST) and prodrug conversions (NETO, NGM) were followed by radiochromatography (HPLC) for 60 min. In the case of NET and NETO the conversion into ethinyl estradiol (EE2) was quantified by RIA after HPLC separation. Half-lives of drug level decreases (t1/2), areas under the curves (AUC) and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were estimated for all progestins. For NETO and NGM the percentages of conversion into NET and LN were calculated, respectively, and levels of EE2 determined in the case of NET and NETO. Rat hepatocytes showed an extremely high metabolic activity towards NET, LN and GEST resulting in t1/2 values of below 2 min. Respective values for rabbit hepatocytes ranged from 5-8 min, whereas half-lives calculated for liver cells from guinea pig, dog and monkey were generally above 30 min. A drastic increase in t1/2 was found for NETO (as compared to NET) in hepatocytes from rat, rabbit and monkey but not from guinea pig. Dog hepatocytes degraded NETO about 3 times more rapidly than NET. NGM was degraded much faster than LN in hepatocytes from all species except the rat. Liver cells from guinea pig and dog seem to be able to metabolize the 3-oxime group much more rapidly than hepatocytes from the other animal species. The lowest degree of prodrug conversion of 4% was observed for NGM and dog hepatocytes. Elevated EE2 levels were found in all experiments with NET and NETO. Results of NET, LN and GEST were compared with published in vivo experiments. No correlations were found for t1/2, MCR, and AUC.
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PMID:Investigations on the in vitro metabolism of five synthetic 19-norprogestins using hepatocyte suspensions isolated from five laboratory animal species. 193 77


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