Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuronal activity of the visual and sensorimotor cortical areas was simultaneously recorded in intersignal intervals in rabbits with conditioned reflexes to light and sound. ES-1020 computer built cross-correlation (CCH) and autocorrelation (ACH) histograms of impulse activity of the se neurones. Analysis of CCH form, built with a bin of 2 ms gave no convincing proofs of the presence of synaptic connections between neurone of the visual and sensorimotor cortical areas and of influences from a common source with few switchings on interneurones. Analysis of CCH built with bins of 10 and 30 ms, allowed to single out primary and secondary peaks and troughs. Wide primary peaks with the base covering the beginning of the coordinates, were met in 51.9% of cases; wide peaks, greatly shifted relatively to the coordinates beginning,--in 40.9% and trough--in 7.2% of cases. Secondary peaks did not always reproduce the ACH form of impulses trains of recorded neurones. The CCH analysis allowed to suggest two basic mechanisms, eliciting the correlated discharges--action of common input and influence of the neurones of one area on the other through a number of interneurones. It was not always possible to separate these two cases by means of CCH. In a number of cases, a more complicated character of neurones interaction could be suggested.
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PMID:[Types of correlative relations of the neuronal impulses of the visual and sensomotor areas of the neocortex in the rabbit]. 359 Sep 76

1 Mechanical activity was recorded in isolated muscle preparations from the circular and longitudinal layers of different regions of canine stomach (16 dogs). At least eight muscle strips were excised from each stomach: longitudinal (lo) and circular (ci) strips from fundus (Fu), corpus (Co) and antrum (An), and circular strips from the inner and outer portion of the pyloric ring. 2 Cholecystokinin 33 (CCK 33), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK 8), caerulein and pentagastrin produced the same pattern of responses, with differences in their potencies: caerulein was 10 times more potent than CCK 8, and CCK eight to ten times more potent than CCK 33 and pentagastrin. 3 The most characteristic effect of the CCK peptides was an increase in frequency of the phasic activity of Fu-ci, Co and An preparations (threshold 10(-10) mol/l for CCK 8), usually combined with weak or moderate increases of amplitude. 4 Slight tonic activations were observed in Fu-lo, Co-lo and An-lo (around 10% of the ACH maximum), and stronger tonic activations in Fu-ci and Co-ci (around 50% of the ACH maximum). 5 No responses to CCK were seen in pyrolic preparations. 6 Experiments with receptor antagonists (adrenoceptors, muscarinic and histamine receptors), and with tetrodotoxin indicate that the peptides act by a direct effect on smooth muscle.
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PMID:Contractile responses of canine gastric muscle to peptides of the cholecystokinin group. 365 82

Amastigote forms of Leishmania major are sensitive to lysis by fresh serum, whereas those of L. donovani are resistant. To understand the basis for this resistance we have examined the interaction of complement with amastigotes of seven strains of leishmania. Complement activation was determined by measuring the ability of amastigotes to consume complement from normal serum and by identifying parasite surface-bound C3. All of the strains that were tested activated complement, including both those that are resistant and those that are susceptible to inactivation by fresh serum. Complement consumption by amastigotes was measured as a decrease in the ACH 50 titers of serum exposed to parasites. L. major, L. donovani, and L. mexicana mexicana (strain 1VLM) amastigotes decrease titers by 35.7, 33.5, and 40.3%, respectively. The binding of C3 to amastigotes was judged qualitatively by immunofluorescence and quantitatively by a C3 radiobinding assay. L. major amastigotes bind an average of 6.6 X 10(4) molecules of C3 per parasite. L. mexicana amazonensis, L. mexicana mexicana, and L. donovani bind an average of 3.9 X 10(4), 5.9 X 10(4), and 3.7 X 10(4) molecules, respectively. In all cases, C3 binding is the result of alternative pathway activation requiring Mg++ but not Ca++. Amastigotes of the disseminating strains of leishmania represent the first example of a group of protozoa that activate early complement components leading to fixation of C3, but that are resistant to inactivation by complement.
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PMID:Leishmania amastigotes: resistance to complement-mediated lysis is not due to a failure to fix C3. 388 96

The original (Wirt, Lachar, Klinedinst, & Seat, 1977) and shortened scales (Lachar, 1982) of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) were compared in a sample of 230 clinic children. The short versions of the ADJ and SSK scales produced significantly lower T scores than the original version, while the short version of ACH, D, FAM, ANX, and HPR produced higher scores. Mean differences were small and never exceeded 3 T score points. Scales were classified by use of a T greater than 69 criterion or the actuarial criteria of Lachar and Gdowski (1979). The percentage of identical classifications ranged from 87% to 97% with the T greater than 69 criterion and 92% to 99% with the Lachar and Gdowski criteria.
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PMID:Comparison of the short and original scales of the Personality Inventory for Children. 394 98

The results presented herein describe the prognosis over the first 10 postoperative years for patients operated upon at Stanford University Medical Center who received a first generation, commercially-manufactured porcine bioprosthetic valve. Extrapolation of these results to 15 and 20 years cannot be justified at this time. Conversely, newer tissue valves are believed to be superior, in terms of both hemodynamic performance and long-term durability. Indeed, the newer pericardial valves (Hancock Laboratories and American-Edwards Laboratories) have hemodynamic characteristics that do not differ markedly from those of the tilting disk and bi-leaflet mechanical valves. This promise of potential superior durability in terms of resistance to fibrocalcification will only be able to be determined after patients with these second and third generation tissue valves have been followed for 10 to 15 years postoperatively. Speculation regarding the comparative performance between a durable mechanical valve and a bioprosthesis in the 10 to 15 year time frame is also probably not prudent at this time. We continue to submit, however, that the balance between lower cumulative complication and death rates and finite durability--which currently favors the tissue valve at 10 years--will continue to predominate beyond ten years. This is due for the most part to the constant rate of serious (and frequently fatal) valve-related complications which occur in patients with mechanical valves over the years; having 20 to 40% of patients with mechanical valves succumb within 10 to 15 years due to the complications of TE, ACH, and valve thrombosis is not acceptable, in our opinion, as the magnitude of the risk associated with porcine valve PTF and resultant REOP is lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ten year durability and performance of porcine bioprostheses. 409 73

Actinomycin D (ACT-D), an inhibitor of transcription, was added to chick muscle cultures to study its effect on the synthesis of acetylcholine receptor (ACHR) and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, EC 3.1.1.7). Doses of ACT-D (1.85-18.5 nM), which inhibited uridine incorporation up to 80%, increased ACHR, ACHE, and creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) levels without affecting general cell protein. Degradation of ACHR was slower in ACT-D treated cultures than controls, resulting in a twofold increase in receptor half-life. Uridine incorporation was inhibited by ACT-D in both mononucleated cells and myotubes and [3H]uridine nuclear grain distribution were shifted to values lower than controls. The results indicate that posttranscriptional effects of ACT-D increase levels of ACHR, ACHE, and CK and that decreased degradation could account for the increase in the number of surface ACH receptors.
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PMID:Alteration of acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholinesterase metabolism by actinomycin D in cultured muscle cells. 617 Apr 4

The influence of tracheal lavage in a restricted area, with a proteolytic enzyme (Pronase) on the bronchial response to challenge with ACH and AE was studied in 15 dogs. Histamine concentrations measured in the tracheal liquid after lavage with Pronase were smaller than the values after tracheal lavage with allergen. Airway response to ACH inhalation was significantly increased after tracheal lavage with Pronase. Effects of proteolytic enzymes and allergens on the tracheal wall are compared. Allergens and proteolytic enzymes evidence a different mode of action in increasing reactivity of peripheral airways.
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PMID:Histamine release into tracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity. The histamine liberation of proteolytic enzymes in the tracheal lumen in relation to the bronchomotoric reactivity. 619 75

The influence of tracheal lavage with compound 48/80 on the bronchial response to challenge with ACH and AE was studied in 24 animals. Furthermore, the effect of i.v. administration of 48/80 was compared to its administration into the tracheal lumen. No increased histamine liberation was detected in the tracheal fluid after lavage with 48/80, nor was an influence on the bronchial response observed. These observations were the same as those described for tracheal lavage with water. The same amounts of this secretagogue induced, after i.v. administration, a high histamine release which correlates significantly with blood pressure decrease.
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PMID:Histamine release into tracheal lumen and bronchial reactivity. Effect of compound 48/80 administered by different routes in various doses on histamine release and bronchial reactivity. 619 1

Various agents which are known to affect intracellular levels of cAMP have been assessed for their ability to induce the release of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]ACH) from a synaptosomal preparation derived from the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus. 8-Bromo-cAMP increased the release of [3H]ACh above basal levels. While 8-bromo-cGMP also increased the release, this nucleotide was far less potent than 8-bromo-cAMP. Comparison of the release caused by the cyclic nucleotides to the release induced by the nicotinic agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) suggested that there is some relationship, as yet undefined, between the 8-bromo-cAMP-induced and the DMPP-induced release, while no relationship was evident between the release induced by 8-bromo-cGMP and that caused by DMPP. The 8-bromo-cAMP-induced release was Ca2+-dependent. Neither adenosine, clonidine, nor oxotremorine (all of which modulate the nicotinically-induced release) affected the 8-bromo-cAMP-induced release. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine stimulated the release of [3H]ACh as did the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. The forskolin-induced release was not affected by adenosine, clonidine or oxotremorine. The ability of the modulators to block the nicotinically-induced release but not the release caused by the cyclic nucleotides indicates that the modulation of release evoked by nicotinic activity does not occur at a step involving protein phosphorylation.
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PMID:Stimulation of acetylcholine release from guinea-pig ileal synaptosomes by cyclic nucleotides and forskolin. 620 34

Action of pentobarbitone was studied on isolated segments of the terminal and middle ileum of the guinea-pig and compared with the effects of verapamil. Pentobarbitone (10(-4)-10(-3) M) was found to almost equally inhibit responses produced by ES at 3 Hz and ACH, and those elicited by ES at 30 Hz and NA. Increase in the extracellular calcium did not antagonize the effects of pentobarbitone on both types of ES. These results are an indication of a postsynaptic site of action. The concentration-response curves to calcium-induced contractions (3-300 microM) were displaced to the right by both drugs; however, unlike verapamil, pentobarbitone markedly reduced the maximum response to calcium. Calcium-induced contractions after reaching the plateau level were relaxed both by pentobarbitone and verapamil. Pentobarbitone lowered the resting tone even in the high-KCl depolarizing solution, while verapamil produced no change in this series of experiments. It could be concluded that pentobarbitone when used in anesthetic concentrations might affect contractility of the intestinal smooth muscle by an action located at the postsynaptic membrane or beyond it. The antagonism between pentobarbitone and calcium appeared to be noncompetitive and is presumed to be effected via an indirect action on the functioning of calcium channels.
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PMID:Calcium antagonistic action of pentobarbitone on the isolated terminal ileum of the guinea-pig. 632 Jul 52


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