Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple technique is proposed for the detection of restriction endonucleases in Streptomyces and Nocardia cells. The analysis was performed directly in the cells collected from colonies cultivated on Petri dishes with an inoculation loop. The cells were treated with lysozyme, EDTA and Triton X-100. The lysates were tested for restriction endonucleases. The technique enables the detection of enzymes Nco I, Not I, Nru I, Sfr 3031, and Sfi I in the lysates of the respective strains-producers.
 ...
PMID:[Determination of restriction endonucleases in Streptomyces and Nocardia colonies]. 131 69

The T cell-specific transmembrane glycoprotein CD4 interacts with class II MHC molecules via its external domain and is associated with tyrosine kinase p56lck via a cysteine motif in its cytoplasmic domain. We have assessed the ability of CD4 to synergize with the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) for induction of transmembrane signals that result in lymphokine production. Mutant CD4 molecules were introduced into T cells that lacked endogenous CD4 but expressed TCRs specific for lysozyme peptides or the superantigen SEA bound to Ab or Abm12 class II MHC molecules. With either ligand, T cell activation occurred only when CD4 was associated with p56lck. These results demonstrate that residues within the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 are required for its coreceptor function in TCR-mediated signal transduction and strongly support the notion that the association of CD4 with p56lck is critical in this process.
 ...
PMID:Requirement for association of p56lck with CD4 in antigen-specific signal transduction in T cells. 167 41

A chitinase purified from culture filtrates of Trichoderma resei KDR-11 efficiently catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction on tetra-N-acetylchitotetraoside in a buffer medium containing ammonium sulfate, converting the tetrasaccharide into hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose (39.6%) and di-N-acetylchitobiose (55.7%) as the major products. Sugar-chain elongation from di-N-acetylchitobiose as the initial substrate to hexa-N-acetyl-chitohexaose and hepta-N-acetylchitoheptaose was also efficiently induced through lysozyme catalysis in the presence of ammonium sulfate at high (30%) concentration. In this case, the addition of ammonium sulfate to the reaction system resulted in a remarkable increase of the hexamer and heptamer productions, which are desirable as biologically active oligosaccharides.
 ...
PMID:Enzymic synthesis of useful chito-oligosaccharides utilizing transglycosylation by chitinolytic enzymes in a buffer containing ammonium sulfate. 222 4

Lysozyme promotes fusion of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles prepared by ethanolic injection. Vesicle fusion was a leaky process as revealed by the release of encapsulated carboxyfluorescein or Tb-DPA complex. Extensive proteolysis of lysozyme inhibited the fusion process. The fusion process was critically dependent on the medium ionic strength; 100 mM of any salt was sufficient to inhibit totally the fusion activity of the protein. The high efficiency of lysozyme (80% RET) was almost constant in the pH range from 4.0 to 9.0, but it was sharply diminished when the pH of the medium was at the isoelectric point of the protein (pI 11.0). Fusion induced by chemically modified lysozyme, showed that the pH profile changed according to the isoelectric point of the protein derivative. These observations stress the importance of electrostatic interactions in the process of fusion induced by lysozyme.
 ...
PMID:Lysozyme induced fusion of negatively charged phospholipid vesicles. 235 87

Calcium 2-keto-L-gulonate (Ca-2-KLG, a key intermediate in vitamin C synthesis) is produced from calcium 2,5-diketo D-gluconate (Ca-2,5-DKG) by a variety of bacteria. A few bacterial species which efficiently convert glucose to Ca-2,5-DKG have been isolated in our laboratory. Our bacterial collection included species that possess the genes for production of Ca-2-KLG from Ca-2,5-DKG; however, the yield of the former is poor. A procedure for the preparation of spheroplasts in Ca-2,5-DKG- and Ca-2-KLG-producing bacteria was developed for the construction of recombinants (fusants), combining the genes for conversion of glucose to Ca-2-KLG efficiently by protoplast fusion. The standard procedure for spheroplast formation in Gram negative bacteria by the Tris-sucrose-EDTA-lysozyme system did not work in the organisms under investigation. The need for an alternative method was necessary. Our results show that, while the Tris-NaCl-EDTA-lysozyme system (pH 8.3) worked very well with bacterial strains of Gluconobacter oxydans (ATCC9937) and Acetobacter melanogenus (NCIM2259), the Tris-sucrose-EDTA-lysozyme system worked well for Erwinia herbicola (ATCC21998), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NCIM2041) and Corynebacterium species (ATCC31090). However, none of these systems produced spheroplasts in Brevibacterium ketosoreductum (ATCC21914), for which a separate system is under development.
 ...
PMID:A fast spheroplast formation procedure in some 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate- and 2-keto-L-gulonate- producing bacteria. 251 94

The following 10 enzymes were assayed in 187 amniotic fluid and maternal serum samples at 15-42 weeks of gestation: alkaline phosphatase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (only in amniotic fluid), acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-amylase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lysozyme. The normal reference ranges are reported for amniotic fluid and maternal serum enzymes, together with the abnormal values accompanying neural tube defects and EPH-gestosis. The determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase was found to be of appreciable diagnostic significance in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Variation in some enzymes in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy. 256 24

Conditioned medium (CM) obtained from a human hepatoma cell line, SK-HEP-1, contains colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) active on murine and human bone marrow-derived granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) and a factor capable of inducing granulocyte-macrophage differentiation (GM-DF) of murine myelomonocytic leukemic cells WEHI-3B(D+) and human promyelocytic leukemic cells HL-60 when assayed in semisolid agar cultures. The human active granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for day 7 CFU-GM and the GM-DF for WEHI-3B(D+) and for HL-60 are not separable by acrylamide agarose column chromatography, eluting at an apparent molecular weight between 20,000 and 35,000 daltons, or by isoelectric focusing (isoelectric point, pH 5.4). In addition, SK-HEP-1 CM contains erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) and a factor that promotes the growth of human mixed colonies. SK-HEP-1 cells, which grow as an adherent monolayer, appear not to be endothelial or monocytic in origin since by immunofluorescent staining they are negative for Ia (HLA-DR), monocyte antigen 1 and 2, lysozyme, and factor VIII-related antigen. Positive immunofluorescent staining for keratin and fibronectin suggests the possibility that SK-HEP-1 is an epithelial cell line. Constitutive production of GM-DF as well as other hematopoietic activities including GM-CSF, erythroid BPA, and an activity that promotes the growth of human mixed colony progenitors by a human epithelial tumor cell line, SK-HEP-1, suggests that this cell line is a valuable resource for both large-scale production of these factors and the cloning of the gene(s) that code for these regulators.
 ...
PMID:Constitutive production of leukemia differentiation, colony-stimulating, erythroid burst-promoting, and pluripoietic factors by a human hepatoma cell line: characterization of the leukemia differentiation factor. 299 Jun 10

To characterize the cellular and humoral immune situation in pregnancies with EPH-gestosis (n = 44), percentages of peripheral T-lymphocytes, ratio of helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes further circulating immuncomplexes (CIC), beta 2-Microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and lysozyme (Lz) were determined. 50 pregnant women without EPH-gestosis were examined as controls. The mean counts of total lymphocytes decreased with increasing gestosis index in contrast to T-lymphocyte percentages. The mean T-helper/T-suppressorcell ratio indicated a severe imbalance in a few cases with severe gestosis. CIC were present in all serum samples of patients with moderate and severe gestosis. Lz was found to be elevated in EPH-gestosis in correlation to severity of disease. beta 2-MG levels in serum were only increased in women with reduced renal function. This parameter was not strictly correlated to the severity of EPH-gestosis but only to the degree of kidney dysfunctioning. EPH-gestosis represents a heterogeneous group with uniform symptomatology. Only in severe gestosis an imbalance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations as well as CIC and elevated Lz levels were detected. In mild gestosis no alterations of the used parameters were found.
 ...
PMID:Alterations of immunologic parameters in pregnancies complicated by EPH-gestosis. 389 53

We studied the abundance, subcellular distribution of a non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase p72syk (Taniguchi, T., Kobayashi, T., Kondo, J., Takahashi, K., Nakamura, H., Suzuki, J., Nagai, K., Yamada, T., Nakamura, S., and Yamamura, H. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15790-15796) in porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the activation upon the stimulation with concanavalin A. The abundance was about 0.1% of total proteins and mainly distributed in the particulate fraction. Upon concanavalin A stimulation, the activity of p72syk increased within 30 s, attained to the maximum level at 1 min, and then returned to the basal level within 6 min. This activation was observed in a dose-dependent manner and abrogated by simultaneous addition of methyl alpha-mannopyranoside. When both extra- and intracellular Ca2+ were depleted, the activation of p72syk was still persistent; in contrast, the deactivation process was completely abrogated even at 6 min after stimulation. The replenishment of Ca2+ in the presence of A23187 resulted in a similar deactivation pattern as seen in the Ca(2+)-rich condition. In addition, genistein and herbimycin A, potent protein-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, were capable of reducing concanavalin A-evoked p72syk activation and Ca2+ mobilization as well as the aggregation and lysozyme release. Furthermore, A23187-induced Ca2+ accumulation in inhibitor-treated cells resulted in the restoration of those cellular responses. These lines of evidence suggest that p72syk is activated with concanavalin A in a Ca(2+)-independent manner, participating in a mechanism of Ca2+ recruitment, and negatively regulated by a feedback mechanism through Ca2+ in neutrophils.
 ...
PMID:Activation of protein-tyrosine kinase p72syk with concanavalin A in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. 822 57

Proteins modified by advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) bind to cell surface receptors and other AGE binding proteins. AGE-binding receptors are: scavenger receptors types I and II, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), oligosaccharyl transferase-48 (OST-48, AGE-R1), 80K-H phosphoprotein (AGE-R2) and galectin-3 (AGE-R3). AGE receptors are found in monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, pericytes, podocytes, astrocytes and microglia. AGE-modified proteins also bind to lysozyme and lactoferrin. A critical review of the evidence for receptors binding AGE-modified protein binding in vivo is presented. Scavenger receptors have only been shown to bind proteins modified by AGE to a much higher extent than found in vivo. 80K-H phosphoprotein is involved in FGFR3 signal transduction to MAP kinase, and may be involved in AGE-receptor signal transduction. Whether all of these proteins bind AGE-modified proteins in vivo is not yet clear. Cell activation in response to AGE-modified proteins is associated with increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, vascular adhesion molecules, cytokines and growth factors. Depending on the cell type and concurrent signaling, this is associated with chemotaxis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation or programmed cell death (PCD). Receptor recognition factors for agonism at the AGE receptor have been little studied but to date hydroimidazolones appear to be the most likely candidates. Pharmacologic inhibition of AGE receptor-mediated cell activation with specific antagonists may provide the basis for therapeutic intervention in diseases where AGE accumulation is a suspected etiological factor vascular complications of diabetes, macrovascular disease, renal insufficiency and Alzheimer's disease.
 ...
PMID:Cell activation by glycated proteins. AGE receptors, receptor recognition factors and functional classification of AGEs. 984 83


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>