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Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (
ERK
)
95,504
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Diffuse astrocytoma
WHO grade II is a well-differentiated, slowly growing tumor that has an inherent tendency to progress to anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and, eventually, to glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). Little is known about its molecular basis, except for p53 mutations that are found in >60% of cases. In a search for additional genetic alterations, we carried out gene expression profiling of 11 diffuse astrocytomas using cDNA expression arrays. Expression of six genes (TIMP3, c-myc,
EGFR
, DR-nm23, nm23-H4, and GDNPF) was detected in 64-100% of diffuse astrocytomas, but not in nontumorous brain tissue. Seven genes (AAD14, SPARC, LRP,
PDGFR
-alpha, 60S ribosomal protein L5, PTN, and hBAP) were found to be up-regulated more than 2-fold in 20-60% of cases, whereas 11 genes (IFI 9-27, protein kinase CLK, TDGF1, BIN1, GAB1,
TYRO3
, LDH-A, adducin 3, GUK1, CDC10, and KRT8) were down-regulated to less than 50% of normal levels in 64-100% of cases. Semiquantitative conventional reverse transcription-PCR was performed for 11 genes, 9 of which showed an expression profile similar to that obtained with cDNA expression arrays. Immunohistochemical staining for SPARC showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of neoplastic cells in all diffuse astrocytomas analyzed. These results indicate significant changes in gene expression in diffuse astrocytomas, but it remains to be shown which of these are causally related to the transformation of glial cells.
...
PMID:Gene expression profiling of low-grade diffuse astrocytomas by cDNA arrays. 1115 82
cIMPACT-NOW (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) was established to provide a forum to evaluate and recommend proposed changes to future CNS tumor classifications. From 2016 to 2019 (Round 1), cIMPACT published four updates. Update 1 clarified the use of the term NOS (Not Otherwise Specified) and proposed use of the additional term NEC (Not Elsewhere Classified). Update 2 issued clarifications regarding two diagnoses: Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27M-mutant and
Diffuse Astrocytoma
/Anaplastic Astrocytoma, IDH-mutant. Update 3 proposed molecular criteria that could be used in the setting of an IDH-wildtype diffuse or anaplastic astrocytic glioma without histological features of glioblastoma to infer that the tumor would behave similarly to a grade IV glioblastoma. Update 4 suggested that, in children and young adults, subtypes of IDH-wildtype/H3-wildtype diffuse gliomas may have distinct clinical features in the setting of a BRAF
V600E
mutation,
FGFR1
alteration, other MAPK pathway alteration, or a MYB or MYBL1 rearrangement. The practical diagnostic relevance of these cIMPACT proposals is highlighted in this summary.
...
PMID:cIMPACT-NOW: a practical summary of diagnostic points from Round 1 updates. 3103 38
