Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance was recognized almost three decades ago. Despite the pivotal role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of PCOS, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of impaired insulin action remain elusive. This review has two aims: 1) to review the mechanisms of insulin resistance, specifically impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport, in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in PCOS, and 2) to assess whether mechanisms of insulin resistance in PCOS are distinct from those in type 2 diabetes. As in type 2 diabetes, studies in skeletal muscle in PCOS support the existence of intrinsic defects in insulin signalling but also underscore the importance of in vivo environmental factors for the development of insulin resistance. In PCOS and type 2 diabetes, similar insulin signalling defects in muscle have been described i.e. impaired signalling via IRS-1 and up-regulation of ERK signalling. Similar defects in insulin signalling have also been described in adipose tissue in PCOS and type 2 diabetes, but data are limited. As for type 2 diabetes, PCOS is characterized by chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress. Androgen excess, a key feature of PCOS, has a genetic component: the relationship of hyperandrogenemia to the development of insulin resistance requires further study. In conclusion, although similar insulin signalling defects have been identified in muscle and adipose tissue in PCOS and type 2 diabetes, these defects probably reflect a common final pathway resulting from genetic and environmental influences on insulin action that are unique to each disorder.
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PMID:Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in polycystic ovary syndrome: are the molecular mechanisms distinct from type 2 diabetes? 1907 69

The aim of the study is to investigate the molecular mechanism behind androgen reduction in porcine granulosa cells (pGCs) with Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract cryptotanshinone. PGCs were isolated from porcine ovaries and identified. Androgen excess model of the pGCs was induced with the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 and then treated with cryptotanshinone. The testosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay in the culture media. The protein levels of P-ERK1/2, c-Fos, and CYP17 in the cells were measured by western blot. Cryptotanshinone decreased the concentration of testosterone and the protein level of CYP17 and increased the protein levels of P-ERK1/2 and c-Fos in the androgen excess mode. After the c-Fos gene was silenced by infection with c-Fos shRNA lentivirus, we measured the mRNA expression by quantitative RT-PCR and protein level by western blot of P-ERK1/2, c-Fos, and CYP17. This showed that the mRNA expression and protein level of P-ERK1/2 and c-Fos were significantly reduced in the shRNA-c-Fos group compared to the scrambled group, while those of CYP17 were significantly increased. So we concluded that cryptotanshinone can significantly reduce the androgen excess induced by PD98059 in pGCs. The possible molecular mechanism for this activity is regulating the ERK/c-Fos/CYP17 pathway.
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PMID:Cryptotanshinone Regulates Androgen Synthesis through the ERK/c-Fos/CYP17 Pathway in Porcine Granulosa Cells. 2816 72