Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), an IgM monoclonal antibody (7F1/6B) reactive with repetitive epitopes on S. mansoni soluble egg antigen was selected. This MAb was employed both as antigen capture and detection antibody in a sandwich ELISA and had a detection limit < 1 ng S. mansoni SEA/mi. Serum and urine samples were collected from rural students who had S. mansoni (169 subjects) or mixed S. mansoni and S. haematobium (64 subjects) infections. Samples were collected before and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after praziquantel therapy. Circulating schistosome antigens (CSA) were demonstrated in 90% of sera and 97% of urine samples of S. mansoni group and in 91% of sera and 100% of urine samples of mixed infection group. All sera from 29 uninfected individuals, 30 patients with other parasites and 70% of 55 S. haematobium-infected subjects were negative in this assay. CSA level in serum and urine samples correlated positively with the number of S. mansoni eggs/g stool in both groups. A significant reduction in CSA level was observed in serum and urine samples after praziquantel therapy. By 12 weeks post-treatment, negativity was 98% in sera and 97% in urine of S. mansoni-infected group and 98% in sera and 91% in urine of mixed infection group. The data demonstrate that the use of MAb 7F1/6B for the detection of CSA provides a sensitive method for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis and monitoring of cure.
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PMID:Detection of circulating schistosome antigens in serum and urine of schistosomiasis patients and assessment of cure by a monoclonal antibody. 766 43

Major diagnostic proteins of 31/32 kDa were purified from soluble adult worm homogenate of Schistosoma japonicum using AcA ultragel chromatography and additional treatments. The purity of the isolated antigenic proteins (Sj 31/32) was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting technique. The antigens showed a negative reaction when stained by PAS and remained active after treatment with sodium periodate, moving toward anode in the electrophoretic field. These purified antigens were used for detecting the specific antibody in sera from patients with schistosomiasis japonica by ELISA and IHA. As compared with SEA, Sj 31/32 kDa was found as sensitive as but much more specific than SEA in immunodiagnosis.
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PMID:Purification of 31/32 kDa proteins of adult Schistosoma japonicum as antigens (Sj 31/32) for ELISA and IHA. 778 90

The capacity of mitogen Con A and SEA-stimulated spleen cells to produce cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 was studied in S. japonicum-infected mice every two weeks from 0 to 14 wk after infection. The results showed that the levels of these two cytokines began to rise at the 4th wk after infection and reached a peak level at 6-8 wk, then declined to the levels similar to those pre-infection at 12-14 wk after infection. The IFN-gamma level reached the peak earlier than the IL-2 level. The dynamics of cytokine level in both mitogen and antigen-stimulated group was similar. The results suggest that IL-2 and IFN-gamma might be the essential cytokines involved in egg granuloma formation in schistosomiasis japonica.
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PMID:[Dynamics of IL-2 and IFN-gamma levels induced by sea or Con A in spleen cells of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice]. 778 92

Two subsets of differentiated murine helper T cells, Th1 and Th2, based on secretion products in response to antigen have been described (Cher & Mosmann 1987, Coffman et al. 1988, Lopez et al. 1988, Paliard et al. 1988, Patel et al. 1988, Mosmann & Coffman 1989). To analyse immunological function of antigen-specific CD4+T cells in human schistosomiasis, we produced schistosomal egg antigen-specific T cell clones from a former patient. We identified four different types of CD4+ T cell clones by analysis of cytokine production. Two of the four types of the clones corresponded to murine Th1 or Th2 subsets; a third type was of the Th0 subset (Th1 + 2) and a fourth type produced IL-5 dissociated from IL-4. Analysis of the antigen(s) recognized by these T cell clones showed that all of the clones proliferated in response to soluble egg antigen(s) (SEA) found within a pl fraction whose pH was 5.2. T cell Western blot analysis of the stimulatory pl fraction demonstrated that the apparent Mr of the relevant antigens recognized by the clones were 38 kDa for the Th2 homologue, and 45-55 kDa for the Th1 homologue.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell clones from a patient with Schistosomiasis mansoni. 786 62

Using purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to SEA, avidin-biotin system and capture ELISA technique, we observed the dynamic changes in the level of the circulating soluble egg antigen-antibody complex (SEAIC) in murine sera at various weeks post infection. Simultaneously, the diameter and area of liver egg granuloma were measured by using profile analytical technique. Serum SEAIC was first detected 4 weeks post infection (p.i.), reaching peak level at 6-7th week, and then gradually dropped, and maintained at moderately high level till the end of the observation (12 weeks p.i.). Schistosome eggs appeared in liver tissue at 4 weeks p.i. No egg granuloma could be found until 6 weeks p.i. The peak of the average diameter and area of liver egg granuloma was noted at 7 weeks p.i., then dropped gradually. Its dynamic changes were consistent with that of the serum SEAIC level. It is therefore suggested that the serum SEAIC level could be a reference index reflecting the extent of the pathological changes of the liver. Moreover, SEAIC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis japonica.
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PMID:[Dynamic study on relationship between serum SEAIC level and hepatic pathological changes in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum]. 786 57

The GST antigen (called 26-28 kDa antigen) extracted and purified from Schistosoma japonicum adult worms was applied to the detection of specific antibodies in sera of infected mice and mice immunized with the above protein antigen by ELISA technique. The 26-28 kDa antigen was better than crude antigens (SEA, SWAP) when used to detect specific antibodies in sera from immunized mice. As with crude antigens (SEA and SWAP), the 26-28 kDa antigen could be used to detect specific antibodies in infected sera, with titers as high as 1:160-1:320. There were no false positive reactions and a positivity rate as high as that using SWAP occurred when the 26-28 kDa antigen was used in schistosomiasis patients and normal subjects by intradermal test. It is suggested that the 26-28 kDa antigen may be a suitable candidate for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis.
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PMID:The possibility of GST antigen from Chinese strain of Schistosoma japonicum for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. 836 11

Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigens (SH SEAs) induce intense granulomas in human hosts that often culminate in severe disease. In an attempt to identify the SH SEA fractions that are responsible for pathology, we combined T-cell Western blotting and an in vitro model of granuloma formation. Whole SH SEAs were dotted onto nitrocellulose pieces or were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrotransferred onto nitrocellulose paper. Horizontal strips bearing the separated antigens were solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide and precipitated in carbonate/bicarbonate buffer. Antigen-free and antigen-bearing particles were used to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from S. haematobium-infected patients and sex- and age-matched healthy controls to form granulomas in vitro. Whole SH SEA-bearing nitrocellulose particles elicited in vitro formation of granulomas by PBMCs from infected donors. The response was similar in sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility to that evoked by SH SEA-bound polyacrylamide beads. The results obtained in samples form 30 patients and 10 controls tested with SH SEA-separated fractions revealed that SEA bands of 84,000, 63,000, 57,000, 55,000, 40,000, 30,000, and 28,000 Da elicited in vitro granuloma reactions by PBMCs of almost all infected patients. Conversely, separated soluble adult-worm antigens failed to stimulate PBMCs of infected patients to form granulomas. This study is the first to identify the SH SEA fractions that evoke in vitro granuloma formation and represents an initial step toward the development of an anti-urinary schistosomiasis pathology vaccine.
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PMID:Identification of Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg antigens that elicit human granuloma formation in vitro. 847 26

Humans chronically infected with schistosomiasis usually have impaired parasite Ag-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production that may facilitate persistence of the parasite while producing little clinical disease. The mechanisms that contribute to the immunologic hyporesponsiveness in these patients remain undefined. IL-10 has been shown to exert an inhibitory effect on cell-mediated immunity. To determine whether endogenous IL-10 has a role in regulating parasite-specific anergy in schistosomiasis, neutralizing anti-IL-10 added to PBMC from Schistosoma haematobium patients' enhanced adult worm (SWAP)- or egg Ag (SEA)-driven lymphocyte proliferation and/or IFN-gamma production by 2- to >100-fold in 32 of 38 subjects. In contrast, anti-IL-10 failed to significantly augment the mycobacterial Ag, purified protein derivative (PPD)-driven lymphocyte proliferation, or IFN-gamma production in 9 or 10 of 14 individuals, respectively. SWAP or SEA triggered IL-10 release from PBMC of both patients and healthy individuals; however, CD4+ cells were a significant source of IL-10 only in infected subjects. PPD relative to SWAP induced fivefold less IL-10 release by CD4+ cells (p < 0.01). A possible mechanism whereby IL-10 suppressed Ag-specific T cell responses was demonstrated by the ability of SWAP and not PPD to suppress B7 expression on PBMC. Anti-IL-10 completely inhibited the parasite Ag-induced down-regulation of B7 expression. These studies indicate that IL-10 contributes to parasite Ag-induced T cell hyporesponsiveness observed in patients with chronic schistosomiasis hematobia.
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PMID:Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human urinary schistosomiasis. IL-10 modulates lymphocyte reactivity. 864 17

Three hundred children with hepatomegaly were selected. They were subjected to full clinical and laboratory examinations. Also serum samples were examined to detect IgG using ELISA against SEA, chromatography purified hydatid cyst antigen, commercially available Toxoplasma antigen, partially purified adult Fasciola antigen and second-stage larvae Toxocara canis antigen. IFAT was used to detect IgG against Toxoplasma and T. canis. A commercially available IHAT kit for leishmaniasis was used. Based on immunological assays, 125 cases were suffering from various parasitic infections. Thirty cases with schistosomiasis (10%), 26 cases fascioliasis (8.7%), 18 toxocariasis (6%), 35 toxoplasmosis (11.7%), 3 cases hydatidosis (1%) and 13 cases mixed parasitic infections. No parasitic causes could be found in 175 cases (58.3%). Moderate or marked hepatomegaly favours the presence of schistosomiasis. Whereas, most cases with other parasites and those with non-parasitic infections fall in the category of mild hepatic enlargement. There was no associated splenomegaly in cases with Fasciola, Toxocara, hydatid disease and/or the non-parasitic group. Most of hepatomegalic cases with non-parasitic causes were found to be associated with fever (88.5%). Fever was found in nearly 50% of cases with either Toxoplasma or Toxocara infections. Mild eosinophilia was found in all cases with parasitic causes. Only 24 cases of non-parasitic group (13.7%) had easinophilia. Moderate and high eosinophilia were found in cases with fascioliasis and toxocariasis. Cases with fascioliasis had a statistically significant increase in enzymes activities specially alkaline phosphatase. It was concluded that parasitic infections should be considered as an important cause of liver enlargement in children. Serological methods using purified antigenic fractions are an important tool for diagnosis.
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PMID:Parasitic causes of hepatomegaly in children. 872 Dec 39

A baseline study to evaluate the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection as well as the diagnostic efficacy of serodiagnostic tests was performed in Kabaganga village, Kome island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania. A total of 1108 individuals were examined parasitologically and clinically. Egg excretion was demonstrated by one-sample Kato-Katz test. Specific IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against S. mansoni adult worm (SAWA) and egg (SEA) antigens as well as circulating anodic antigen (CAA) were determined in serum samples from 250 of these subjects. As a control population 41 individuals from a non-endemic area were examined parasitologically, clinically and serologically. In the parasitologically examined Kabaganga population 45% were excreting eggs. The pattern of egg excretion was typical for an endemic area with a peak in the age group 10-14 years. Sixty-five percent of the serologically tested villagers were positive in the CAA test. A total of 80% were positive in either of the two tests, indicating an active infection. In 67-95% of these individuals the levels of isotype specific antibodies were increased. The prevalence of CAA positivity corresponded fairly well with that of Kato-Katz results in the age groups 10-29 years, but in the younger age groups a considerably greater number of individuals were positive in the CAA test than in the Kato-Katz test. The results obtained indicate that virtually all of the Kabaganga villagers, regardless of age, had an ongoing, active infection or had previously been infected with S. mansoni. This population, therefore, may be useful for evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of various antibody tests. The highest degree of discrimination between the endemic and the non-endemic village populations was noted for anti-egg IgG4 antibodies. It is concluded that the combined determination of parasite eggs in faeces and CAA in serum provides high sensitivity as regards active infection. Increased levels of isotype-specific antibodies, particularly of the IgG4 subclass, is a sensitive indicator of past or present infection, and the prevalence of individuals with such increased levels may be a simple and reliable indicator of the frequency of schistosomiasis in a community.
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PMID:A comparative study on specific antibodies and circulating antigen (CAA) in serum and parasitological findings for diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni in an endemic area in Tanzania. 879 Jul 72


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