Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The population was composed of 76 male patients (mean age=36.14). All of them having committed a violent offence indexed in their institutional file: (1) sexual offences on children; (2) rapes of adult women; (3) homicide offence; and (4) assaults and batteries. TPS was defined by the following 8 diagnostic criteria as described in DSM III-R: 1) has used physical cruelty or violence for the purpose of establishing dominance in a relationship; 2) humiliates or demeans people in the presence of others; 3) has treated or disciplined someone under his or her control unusually harshly; 4) is amused by, or takes pleasure in, the psychological or physical suffering of others; 5) has lied for the purpose of harming or inflicting pain on others 6) gets other people to do what he or she wants by frightening them 7) restricts the autonomy of people with whom he or she has a close relationship; 8) is fascinated by violence, weapons, martial arts, injury, or torture. These criteria were assessed from (a) clinical and institutional files and (b) clinical collateral informations. TPS assessment was conducted by two -trainees in clinical psychology (kappa=0.87; n=20). The assessment of psychopathy was conducted according to the guidelines of the Hare psychopathy checklist manual (PCL-R, 1991, 2003): coding of clinical and institutional files and semi-structural clinical interviews. The PCL-R is mainly composed by 2 factors: factor 1 "Emotional detachment" describing the core psychological component of psychopathy, and factor 2 "Chronically antisocial factor" reflecting behavioral instability and antisocial life style. The total cut-off score for the inclusion of the diagnosis was 25. The prevalence of TPS in the population was 25% (n=19) and is congruent with the large range described in the literature (0.5 to 33%). The most frequent criteria were 6 (gets other people to do what he or she wants by frightening them), 1 (has used using physical cruelty or violence for the purpose of establishing dominance in a relationship) and 3 (has treated or disciplined someone under his or her control unusually harshly). The most sensible criteria were: 7 (restricts the autonomy of people with whom he or she has a close relationship), 8 (major interest for violence) and 4 (pleasure in the psychological or physical suffering of others). The most specific criteria were: 3 (has treated or disciplined someone under his or her control unusually harshly), 6 (gets other people to do what her or she wants by frightening them), 4 (takes pleasure in the psychological or physical suffering of others) and 1 (has used physical -cruelty or violence for the purpose of establishing dominance in a relationship). As concerns psychopathy, the mean of factor 1, factor 2 and the PCL-R total scores were 7.40, 9.08 and 18.67. Thus, 38% of patients were considered as "low psychopaths", 36% were considered as "moderate psychopaths" and 26% were considered as "high psychopaths". In spite of few significant positive correlations between some TPS and PCL-R criteria, TPS diagnosis was not significantly correlated with factors 1, factor 2, nor with total score of the PCL-R. The mean psychopathy total score did not differ between sadistic and non-sadistic patients. Moreover, a two ways ANOVA comparing PCL-R factors 1 and 2 did not reveal any differences between sadism and non-sadism. Again, these comparisons did not support hypothesis of a strong association between TPS and psychopathy.
 ...
PMID:[The study assessed the prevalence of TPS and its associations with psychopathy in a population of forensic violent patients in a Belgian security hospital]. 1646 87

Sexual sadism and psychopathy have been theoretically, clinically, and empirically linked to violence. Although both constructs are linked to predatory violence, few studies have sought to explore the covariation of the two constructs, and even fewer have sought to conceptualize the similarities of violence prediction in each. The current study considered all four Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) facets and employed well-defined, validated measures of sadism to elucidate the relation between sadism and psychopathy, as well as to determine the role of each in the prediction of non-sexual violence and sexual crime behaviors. Study 1 assessed 314 adult, male sex offenders using archival ratings, as well as the self-report Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (the MIDSA). Study 2 used archival ratings to assess 599 adult, male sex offenders. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of crime scene descriptions yielded four sexual crime behavior factors: Violence, Physical Control, Sexual Behavior, and Paraphilic. Sadism and psychopathy covaried, but were not coextensive; sadism correlated with Total PCL-R, Facet 1, and Facet 4 scores. The constructs predicted all non-sexual violence measures, but predicted different sexual crime behavior factors. The PCL-R facets collectively predicted the Violence and Paraphilic factors, whereas sadism only predicted the Violence factor.
 ...
PMID:Relating sexual sadism and psychopathy to one another, non-sexual violence, and sexual crime behaviors. 2401 44