Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors verified the following: The FLURY HEP vaccine, with modified virus, confers a higher level of protection when applied by intracerebral route in laboratory animals. With an equal number of viral particles of FLURY HEP modified virus and fixed virus (FUENZALIDA type vaccine), inoculated intracerebrally and intramusculary, a better protection was obtained with the first kind of vaccine, specially by intracerebral route. These conditions suggest the possibility of replication of modified HEP virus in the cells of the central nervous system. The results show that the concentration of neutralizing antibodies in the serum is not the only responsable for protection, but suggests the possibility of factors or of cellular immunity acting in the animal's protection against rabies.
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PMID:[Anti-rabies vaccination. Comparative analysis of the responses of Flury Hep, Fuenzalida, and inactivated Flury Hep vaccines]. 75 69

A very low pathogenic strain of "fixe" rabies (HEP-Flury) gives a rise in mortality in mice immunodepressed with cyclophosphamide. In this experiment model, the rabies antiserum gives efficient protection against the virus.
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PMID:[Effects of cyclophosphamide on rabies infection in the mouse. Protection confered by serotherapy]. 81 5

HEP Flury strain of rabies virus maintained by 7-day chicken egg passage (parent line) and the same strain serially passaged in primary chick embryo (CE) cells using alkaline maintenance medium (AM line) were inoculated to cells of various species. Growth was negative in primary mouse embryo, L and HeLa cells, and positive in primary hamster kidney and BHK21 cells with both lines. An all-or-none difference between the two lines was observed in primary monkey kidney and Vero cells. The parent line did not multiply in these monkey cells, whereas the AM line grew to high titers. In the case of Vero cells a unique cytopathic effect (CPE) was induced by the AM line. After five consecutive passages in Vero cells, the CPE-inducing agent was identified as rabies virus by a neutralization test. It was infective to intracerebrally inoculated suckling mice but not to adult mice, and its Vero cell-infective titer determined by CPE induction was about 1 log lower than the baby mouse-infective and CE plaque-forming titers. In contrast to the AM line, HEP Flury strain receiving 150 CE cell passages under neutral maintenance medium and three other strains receiving similar CE cell passages all failed to grow in Vero cells.
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PMID:Alteration of the in vitro host range of rabies virus after serial chick embryo cell passage using alkaline maintenance medium. 82 85

The HEP and ts2 strains of rabies virus inoculated intracerebrally into adult mice normally cause clinically inapparent infection. In the experiments described, this is converted into a lethal infection by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, which also prevented induction of immunity with vaccine. Lethal infection of HEP-inoculated mice was also observed in mice treated with antihymocytic serum, and in athymic (BALB/c-nu) nude mice.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of rabies in immunodeficient mice. 109 60

The replication of seven rabies virus strains (CVS, HEP, PV, ERA, WIRAB, CPZ and BOLIVAR) in BHK cells and the inactivation dynamics of these strains by beta-propiolactone, acetylethylenimine, and ethylenimine were studied to find the most immunogenic strain and the most economic and stable inactivating agent for the production of an inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine for animal use. The seven strains reached the peak of virus production 3 to 5 days after inoculation of the cell culture; PV yielded the highest virus titer (10(9) plaque-forming units/ml). The infectivity of virus suspensions containing 10(7) to 10(8) plaque-forming units/0.1 ml was inactivated by beta-propiolactone in 0.5 h, acetylethylenimine in 3.0 h, and ethylenimine in 1.0 h. Most of the vaccine lots prepared with the different strains and inactivating agents passed a modified National Institutes of Health potency test. The vaccines prepared with the PV strain had consistently higher antigenic values (equal or better than four) than the other six strains. This difference was highly significant (F6,12=59.8), whereas there were no statistically significant differences among the antigenic values of the vaccine lots prepared with the three inactivating agents. Batches of lyophilized and liquid vaccine stored at 4 C maintained potency for over 1 year. Ten dogs vaccinated with a vaccine prepared with the PV strain and inactivated with ethylenimine developed a good antibody response and resisted challenge 60 days after vaccination, while seven of eight nonvaccinated controls died of rabies. This information indicates that an inactivated, stable, economic, and easy-to-prepare rabies vaccine can be produced in BHK cells by using the PV strain and ethylenimine as an inactivating agent.
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PMID:Ethylenimine-inactivated rabies vaccine of tissue culture origin. 125 1

We investigated a 73-kDa polypeptide (p73), a minor component of the rabies virion (HEP-Flury and ERA strains), accounting for as much as 1% of total virion proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with the antiserum against the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) demonstrated that p73 was identical to a constitutive type of cellular hsp70. The antiserum also detected p73/hsp70 in the purified virions of other negative-stranded RNA viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype), Newcastle disease virus (Miyadera strain), and influenza A virus (PR8 strain), among which, however, the contents were variable.
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PMID:Identification of heat shock protein 70 in the rabies virion. 132 9

Twenty-one hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against the M2 protein of the Nishigahara (RECH) strain of rabies virus were prepared using the SDS-polyacrylamide gel-purified M2 protein as the immunogen. All moAbs reacted with the protein after Western blotting of rabies virus. By combinations of competitive binding assays, examination of the reactivity of moAbs to the cells infected with parent RCEH and two other strains, CVS and HEP-Flury, and immunoprecipitation with in vitro translation products derived from full-length and truncated cDNAs of the M2 gene, these moAbs could be classified into seven epitope groups. Of these, 20 moAbs belonging to six epitope groups were suggested to recognize an antigenic determinant in the amino-terminal region, from the 1st to the 72nd amino acid of the protein (8 moAbs from two groups directed to amino acids 1 to 72; 2 moAbs from a group directed to amino acids 9 to 72; 5 moAbs from a group directed to amino acids 17-72; 5 moAbs from two groups directed to amino acids 32 to 72). The antigenic determinant recognized by the remaining 1 moAb was shown to be located in the amino acid region from 50 to 171. These moAbs should be useful for further studies on the biological functions of the M2 protein of rabies virus.
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PMID:Mapping of the antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies against the M2 protein of rabies virus. 137 39

We investigated the nature of temperature sensitivity of the HEP strain of rabies virus. After initial incubation for appropriate period (more than 12 hr) at the permissive temperature (36-37 degrees), incubation temperature of the rabies virus infected cultures was shifted to a nonpermissive temperature (39.5-40.5 degrees). Upon the upshift, virion production was ceased, but the rate of viral RNA synthesis was greatly increased and reached almost 10 times that of 36 degrees-infection within 8-10 hr, and then the activity quickly decreased together with the onset of accelerated CPE. Little or no 42S genome-sized RNA was produced at the elevated temperature, and almost all RNAs produced in large amounts seemed to be viral mRNAs and were shown to be functional in t he cell-free translation system. Consistent with these observations, the viral ribonucleoprotein complex isolated from the temperature-upshifted culture was associated with relatively large amounts of small sized RNAs, which might reflect their increased transcriptive activity. These observations suggest that the viral RNA polymerase itself is not temperature-sensitive and the temperature-induced defect may reside in the regulatory factor which plays a role in turning on the synthesis of viral genome-sized RNA.
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PMID:Temperature-sensitivity of the replication of rabies virus (HEP-flury strain) in BHK-21 cells. I. Alteration of viral RNA synthesis at the elevated temperature. 173 1

Three T cell clones derived from rabies virus-immunized BALB/c mice were analysed for specificity and function. The clones proved to be broadly cross-reactive by responding to different rabies virus isolates (PM, ERA, CVS, HEP) and other representatives of the genus Lyssavirus, like the Duvenhage-6 (DUV6) and Mokola (MOK) viruses. The clones detected three different epitopes: an epitope expressed on the matrix protein (M) shared by PM, HEP, MOK and DUV6 viruses (clone AA8), an epitope expressed on the M-protein shared by PM, ERA, CVS, HEP and MOK viruses (clone 35A) and finally an epitope expressed on the glycoprotein (G-protein) shared by PM, ERA, CVS, HEP and MOK viruses (clone BG2). Antigen recognition of all clones proved to be MHC-restricted and they all displayed the CD4+ CD8- phenotype. Intravenous inoculation of the T cells in syngeneic mice, which had been injected intracutaneously in the ear with HEP virus, resulted in a localized DTH reaction characteristic for TH1 cells. In vitro, the clones were able to provide help to rabies virus-primed B cells, resulting in the production of virus-specific antibodies directed against all the four structural proteins of rabies virus. Further analysis of this antibody response revealed that part of it was directed against antigenic determinants of the G-protein which induce virus neutralizing antibody.
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PMID:Rabies virus cross-reactive murine T cell clones: analysis of helper and delayed-type hypersensitivity function. 196 28

The mRNA-encoding G protein of the attenuated HEP-Flury strain of rabies virus was sequenced by the cDNA cloning technique. The G-mRNA was composed of 2059 nucleotides, with the coding region located from the 28th to 1602nd nucleotide, and was capable of encoding a polypeptide of 524 amino acids. Although the coding region was highly homologous (90% or more) to that of ERA and PV strains, the 3' noncoding region of the HEP virus G-mRNA was longer than that reported for other strains by some 400 nucleotides. The extra sequence was homologous to the long G-L intergenic sequence of the PV viral genome. The HEP virus genome lacked the postulated polyadenylating signal (TG-AAAAAAAA) that should have been found just before the "long G-L intergenic region," which indicates that the long G-L intergenic region of the HEP virus is integrated into the preceding G gene, and is transcribed only as a portion of the G-mRNA molecule. In the ERA virus-infected cells, however, two species of G-mRNA (1.9 and 2.3 kb long) were produced. The longer G-mRNA also contained the sequence complementary to the long G-L intergenic region and the shorter one did not. These findings suggest that two different poly(A)-tailing signals (one is present just before and another at the end of the long G-L intergenic region) work toward terminating the transcription of the ERA virus G gene and that the longer G-mRNA is produced as a readthrough product.
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PMID:Structure and transcription of the glycoprotein gene of attenuated HEP-Flury strain of rabies virus. 259 27


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