Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was found between DNA marker XV2c and the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus (delta = 0.46) and between DNA marker KM19 and CF (delta = 0.67) in 157 CF and 138 normal chromosomes from U.S. Caucasians. DNA haplotypes with nine polymorphic sites were created in 54 Caucasian families. There is a strong LD between the haplotypes and the presence of the mutant CF genes. This implies that the DNA polymorphisms examined are close to the CF gene and that one mutation of the CF gene predominates in the Caucasian population. Haplotype analysis can also be used to refine estimates of CF carrier risk in Caucasians. Data for XV2c and MET markers in 16 American black patients and their families revealed a different haplotype distribution and LD pattern with the CF locus. These data suggest that racial admixture alone does not explain the occurrence of CF in American blacks and that multiple alleles of the CF gene may exist in this population.
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PMID:Analysis of DNA polymorphism haplotypes linked to the cystic fibrosis locus in North American black and Caucasian families supports the existence of multiple mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene. 256 31

In the 100-year period 1880-1980 the Hutterite population increased from about 442 to 23,000 individuals in North America. There are three endogamous subdivisions in this Caucasian genetic isolate. A total of 11 cystic fibrosis (CF) families from Canada and the United States were investigated, including at least two families from each of the three subdivisions, the Dariusleut, Lehrerleut, and Schmiedeleut. A study of RFLPs for the loci D7S8, D7S23, MET, and D7S18 (also called D7S16) in the region of the CF gene in 10 families shows considerable genetic variability. There were three different extended CF gene-region haplotypes on CF chromosomes (CF haplotypes), and there were 13 different extended CF gene-region haplotypes on normal chromosomes (normal haplotypes). The three CF haplotypes have different D7S23 and MET haplotypes. Parents who have the same CF haplotype are, on the average, more closely related than parents who have different haplotypes, but only within the same subdivision. A marriage node graph of 11 families illustrates the complexity of Hutterite genealogies. The frequency distribution of CF haplotypes in the Hutterite sample differs notably from those of larger agglomerates of family data from collaborative studies, with respect to D7S8, MET haplotypes, and D7S23 haplotypes. We propose that there were at least three CF carriers among the founders of the Hutterite population and that copies of a particular CF haplotype in current individuals are identical by descent. The alternative that one or more genetically distinguishable CF haplotypes resulted from recombination since the founding of the population is considered to be less likely.
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PMID:Genealogical analysis of cystic fibrosis families and chromosome 7q RFLP haplotypes in the Hutterite Brethren. 256 32

In a 1:4 risk family, the usefulness of probes at the D7S23 locus for prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is discussed by comparison with probes at the MET, D7S8, and D7S18 loci that did not allow accuracy in this family.
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PMID:RFLPs tightly linked with cystic fibrosis: value of probes at the D7S23 locus in prenatal diagnosis. 256 90

The incidence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Finland is one tenth that in other Caucasian populations. To study the genetics of CF in Finland, we used a combined molecular and genealogical approach. Out of the 20 Finnish families with a living CF patient, 19 were typed for eight closely linked restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at the MET, D7S8, and D7S23 loci. The birthplaces of the parents and grandparents were traced using population registries. Allele and haplotype frequencies in Finland are similar to those of other European and North American populations, but are modified by sampling: two regional CF gene clusters, evidently the results of a founder effect, were identified. Generally, the gene was evenly distributed over the population, carrier frequency being estimated at approximately 1.3%. We conclude that CF in Finland is caused by the common Caucasian mutation(s), and that the low frequency of the gene can be explained by a negative sampling effect and genetic drift.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis in Finland: a molecular and genealogical study. 257 15

Our previous linkage analysis suggested that the DNA segment D7S122 is located between MET and D7S8, the two genetic markers that are thought to flank the cystic fibrosis locus (CF). Subsequent chromosome walking experiments revealed that D7S122 in within close distance to another randomly isolated DNA marker, D7S340. To determine the physical relationship among D7S122, D7S340, MET, and D7S8, we have constructed a long-range restriction map of the region containing these four DNA segments, by using DNA from a human/hamster somatic hybrid cell line 4AF-KO15 (containing a single human chromosome 7) and a series of rare-cutting restriction enzymes. The combined results of complete, partial, and double digestion analyses confirm that D7S122 and D7S340 are located between MET and D7S8. The order of these markers is MET-D7S340-D7S122-D7S8, with distance intervals of approximately 500, 10, and 980 kbp, respectively. Together with family analysis, this information will be useful for eventual identification of the CF gene.
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PMID:Physical localization of two DNA markers closely linked to the cystic fibrosis locus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. 258 21

We have demonstrated the assignments of two gene loci (COLIA2, MET) and two noncoding DNA markers (D7S13, D7S8) to owl monkey chromosome 14 (K-VI) by hybridizing DNA probes from the cystic fibrosis (CF) region of human chromosome 7q21-32 to panels of rodent-owl monkey somatic cell hybrids. The assignments are substantiated by in situ chromosome hybridization of markers COLIA2, MET, and D7S13 to the distal long arm of chromosome 14 (K-VI). These results support genomic conservation of the human CF region, at least in the higher primates.
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PMID:Owl monkey gene map: evidence for a homologous human chromosome 7q region near the cystic fibrosis locus. 261 27

We reported earlier complete linkage between cystic fibrosis and an RFLP of the met proto-oncogene revealed by the probe pmetH. Another clone, pmetD, detects another polymorphism with the TaqI restriction enzyme. Further linkage studies, now involving 22 families, have confirmed the tight linkage of cystic fibrosis to the MET and D7S8 loci. Significant allelic association was found between CF and allelic series defined by the pmetH probe.
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PMID:Further linkage data on cystic fibrosis: the Utah Study. 287 38

The linkage relationships between the cystic fibrosis (CF) locus and four marker loci (MET-H, MET-D, D7S8 and D7S16), allelic associations between these loci and the extent of informativity at these marker loci were investigated in a sample of 206 families with at least one child affected by CF. The data were contributed by 11 laboratories from Europe and Israel. The maximum lod scores and recombination frequency estimates (luminal diameter) (and confidence limits of luminal diameter) were: 18.3 at luminal diameter = 0.007 (0.001-0.038) for CF vs. MET, 11.0 at luminal diameter = 0.016 (0.001-0.068) for CF vs. D7S8, and 5.7 at luminal diameter = 0.0 (0.0-0.064) for CF vs. D7S16. A gene order of CF-MET-D7S8 was best supported by the data, but its preference to the order D7S8-CF-MET is mainly based on one single family. There are significant allelic associations between CF, MET, D7S8 and D7S16; these allelic associations affect the risk of random individuals to be carriers of CF.
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PMID:Linkage relationships and allelic associations of the cystic fibrosis locus and four marker loci. 288 21

We have followed the segregation of the probes pJ3.11, 7C22, pB79a, and MET through cystic fibrosis families in the German Democratic Republic with two affected sibs. Two families with a crossover between MET and the CF phenotype were detected. In one of these families recombination was also observed between the DNA probe 7C22 and CF, and between the markers XV-2c and CF, which suggests that XV-2c, MET and 7C22 are all on the same side of CF. The other MET recombinant family is informative with XV-2c and does not recombine, which excludes the genetic order XV-2c--MET--CF if multiple recombinant events are disregarded. These two families together demonstrate that recombinations may occur in a very small genetic interval, which has important implications for prenatal diagnosis based on data from linked markers.
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PMID:Crossovers in two German cystic fibrosis families determine probe order for MET, 7C22 and XV-2c/CS.7. 288 22

The genetic map in the region of human chromosome 7 that harbors the gene for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been refined by multilocus linkage studies in an expanded database including a large set of normal families. Six loci known to be linked to CF were examined: MET, an oncogene; COL1A2, collagen, TCRB, T-cell-receptor beta polypeptide; and three arbitrary loci--D7S8, D7S13, and D7S16--defined by probes pJ3.11, pB79a, and p7C22, respectively. The gene order with greatest statistical support is COL1A2-D7S13-D7S16-MET-D7S8-TCRB. Linkage analysis in families segregating for CF suggested that the most likely location of the CF gene on this map is between MET and D7S8.
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PMID:Refined linkage map of chromosome 7 in the region of the cystic fibrosis gene. 289


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