Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.1 (ERK)
 95,504 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PtMo alloy and MoO(x)@Pt core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a chemical coreduction and sequential chemical reduction method, respectively. Both the carbon-supported alloy and core-shell NPs show substantially higher CO tolerance, compared to the commercialized E-TEK PtRu alloy and Pt catalyst. These novel nanocatalysts can be potentially used as highly CO-tolerant anode electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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PMID:PtMo alloy and MoO(x)@Pt core-shell nanoparticles as highly CO-tolerant electrocatalysts. 1945 91

Monodisperse Pt and PtRu/C(60) hybrid nanoparticles with controlled diameters were synthesized by the reduction of metal precursors in the presence of C(60); the resulting metal/C(60) hybrid nanocatalyst exhibited a remarkable enhancement of methanol oxidation activity over commercial E-TEK catalysts.
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PMID:Monodisperse Pt and PtRu/C(60) hybrid nanoparticles for fuel cell anode catalysts. 1966 41

Angiosarcomas (AS) represent a heterogeneous group of malignant vascular tumors occurring not only in different anatomic locations but also in distinct clinical settings, such as radiation or associated chronic lymphedema. Although representing only 1% to 2% of soft tissue sarcomas, vascular sarcomas provide unique insight into the general process of tumor angiogenesis. However, no molecular candidates have been identified to guide a specific therapeutic intervention. By expression profiling, AS show distinct up-regulation of vascular-specific receptor tyrosine kinases, including TIE1, KDR, SNRK, TEK, and FLT1. Full sequencing of these five candidate genes identified 10% of patients harboring KDR mutations. A KDR-positive genotype was associated with strong KDR protein expression and was restricted to the breast anatomic site with or without prior exposure to radiation. Transient transfection of KDR mutants into COS-7 cells showed ligand-independent activation of the kinase, which was inhibited by specific KDR inhibitors. These data provide a basis for the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-directed therapy in the treatment of primary and radiation-induced AS.
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PMID:KDR activating mutations in human angiosarcomas are sensitive to specific kinase inhibitors. 1972 55

Hollow PtCo nanosphere electrocatalyst-supported multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared at room temperature in a homogeneous solution employing cobalt metal nanoparticles as sacrificial templates. The structure and elemental composition of the resulting hollow PtCo/MWCNT composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The hollow PtCo/MWCNT electrocatalysts demonstrated enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation compared with carbon nanotube-supported solid PtCo nanoparticles and commercial E-TEK Pt/C (20 wt.%Pt) catalysts.
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PMID:Hollow PtCo nanospheres supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for methanol electrooxidation. 1977 66

Mutations in the angiopoietin receptor TIE2/TEK have been identified as the cause for autosomal dominantly inherited cutaneomucosal venous malformation (VMCM). Thus far, two specific germline substitutions (R849W and Y897S), located in the kinase domain of TIE2, have been reported in five families. The mutations result in a fourfold increase in ligand-independent phosphorylation of the receptor. Here, we report 12 new families with TEK mutations. Although the phenotype is primarily characterized by small multifocal cutaneous vascular malformations, many affected members also have mucosal lesions. In addition, cardiac malformations are observed in some families. Six of the identified mutations are new, with three located in the tyrosine kinase domain, two in the kinase insert domain, and another in the carboxy terminal tail. The remaining six are R849W substitutions. Overexpression of the new mutants resulted in ligand-independent hyperphosphorylation of the receptor, suggesting this is a general feature of VMCM-causative TIE2 mutations. Moreover, variation in the level of activation demonstrates, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that widely differing levels of chronic TIE2 hyperphosphorylation are tolerated in the heterozygous state, and are compatible with normal endothelial cell function except in the context of highly localized areas of lesion pathogenesis.
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PMID:Hereditary cutaneomucosal venous malformations are caused by TIE2 mutations with widely variable hyper-phosphorylating effects. 1988 99

Graphene nanosheet, the hottest material in physics and materials science, has been studied extensively because of its unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties arising from its strictly 2D structure and because of its potential technical applications. Particularly, these remarkable characteristics enable it to be a promising candidate as a new 2D support to load metal nanoparticles (NPs) for application in fuel cells. However, constructing high-quality graphene/bimetallic NP hybrids with high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) remains a great challenge to date. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time a wet-chemical approach for the synthesis of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites supported on graphene nanosheets (TP-BNGN), which represents a new type of graphene/metal heterostructure. The resulting hybrids were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical technique. It is found that small single-crystal Pt nanobranches supported on Pd NCs with porous structure and good dispersion were directly grown onto the surface of graphene nanosheets, which exhibits high electrochemical active area. Furthermore, the number of nanobranches for Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites on the surface of graphene nanosheets could be easily controlled via simply changing the synthetic parameters, thus resulting in the tunable catalytic properties. Most importantly, the electrochemical data indicate that the as-prepared graphene/bimetallic nanodendrite hybrids exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation reaction than the platinum black (PB) and commercial E-TEK Pt/C catalysts.
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PMID:Three-dimensional Pt-on-Pd bimetallic nanodendrites supported on graphene nanosheet: facile synthesis and used as an advanced nanoelectrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. 2000 Aug 45

We describe a facile route to the straightforward fabrication of nanoporous (NP) PtRu alloys with predetermined bimetallic compositions. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations demonstrate that selective etching of Al from ternary PtRuAl source alloys generates three-dimensional bicontinuous NP-PtRu alloy nanostructures with a single-phase face-centered-cubic crystalline structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a slight electronic structure modification of Pt by alloying with Ru as well as uniform surface and bulk bimetallic ratio. With characteristic structural dimensions less than 5 nm, these high surface area bimetallic nanostructures show distinct electrocatalytic performance as the Ru content varies within the structure. Among all samples, NP-Pt(70)Ru(30) shows the highest specific activity as well as the most negative onset potential toward methanol oxidation reaction. NP-Pt(50)Ru(50) was found to possess a similar specific activity to the commercial E-TEK Pt(50)Ru(50)/C catalyst, but its onset and peak potentials are about 70 mV more negative. CO stripping experiments demonstrate that the adsorption of CO is the weakest on NP-Pt(70)Ru(30), and further increasing the Ru content actually shifts the CO stripping peak to a more positive potential. Thus, the overall sequence for CO-tolerance is NP-Pt(70)Ru(30) > NP-Pt(50)Ru(50) approximately = Pt(50)Ru(50)/C > NP-Pt(30)Ru(70) > Pt/C.
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PMID:Nanoporous PtRu alloys for electrocatalysis. 2011 37

XL-184 (BMS-907351), under development by Exelixis Inc and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, is a pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of medullary thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and NSCLC. The prinicipal targets of XL-184 are MET, VEGFR-2 and RET, but the drug is also reported to display inhibitory activity against KIT, FLT3 and TEK. Preclinical studies demonstrated that XL-184 potently inhibited multiple receptor tyrosine kinases in various cancer cell lines and animal xenograft models, and that the drug exhibited significant oral bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration. A phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid malignancies indicated that XL-184 accumulated dose-dependently in the plasma and had a long terminal half-life. A phase II trial in patients with progressive or recurrent glioblastoma revealed modest but promising median progression-free survival. Toxicity and side effects for the drug have generally been of low-to-moderate severity. At the time of publication, three additional trials of XL-184 were recruiting patients, including a phase I trial in combination with standard of care in patients with glioblastoma, a phase I/II trial in combination with erlotinib in patients with NSCLC, and a phase III trial in patients with medullary thyroid cancer.
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PMID:XL-184, a MET, VEGFR-2 and RET kinase inhibitor for the treatment of thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and NSCLC. 2012 63

We introduce a novel single-step method capable of a continuous production of Pt catalysts supported on carbon agglomerates for the preparation of the fuel electrode. An acetylene-air diffusion flame is employed as heat and carbon sources, and Pt(acac)(2)-containing xylene droplets are injected into the flame. A sampling height from the burner top, initial concentration of Pt(acac)(2), and acetylene flow rate are demonstrated as efficient systematic parameters to control the size (from 2 to 7 nm) and surface coverage (or content up to 60 wt %) of spherical Pt particles. A variety of characterization methods manifest that the Pt exists mostly in a metallic form and carbon agglomerates are in good crystalline order. Finally, the electrochemical activity is confirmed to be higher than 74.9 m(2) g(-1) Pt, more efficient than an equivalent commercial (E-TEK 10 wt % Pt) catalyst.
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PMID:A one-step continuous synthesis of carbon-supported Pt catalysts using a flame for the preparation of the fuel electrode. 2023 41

A full length cDNA sequence expressed in coelomocytes shows significant sequence match to vertebrate Tie1 and Tie2/TEK. Vertebrate Tie2/TEK is the receptor for the angiopoietins and plays an important role in angiogenesis and hematopoiesis, whereas Tie1 regulates the activity of Tie2. The deduced sequence of the SpTie1/2 protein has a similar order and organization of domains to the homologous vertebrate proteins including a highly conserved receptor tyrosine kinase domain in the cytoplasmic tail. The N terminus of the ectodomain has one immunoglobulin (Ig)-Tie2_1 domain, followed by an Ig domain, four epidermal growth factor domains, a second Ig domain, and three fibronectin type III domains. The SpTie1/2 gene is expressed in coelomocytes and the axial organ, whereas other organs do not show significant expression. The timing of embryonic expression corresponds with the differentiation of blastocoelar cells, the embryonic and larval immune cells. Searches of the sea urchin genome show several gene models encoding putative ligands and signaling proteins that might interact with SpTie1/2. We speculate that SpTie1/2 may be involved in the proliferation of sea urchin immune cells in both adults and embryos.
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PMID:SpTie1/2 is expressed in coelomocytes, axial organ and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and is an orthologue of vertebrate Tie1 and Tie2. 2036 51


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