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PH determinations by means of a sturdy, spear-electrode inserted in the cerebellar tissue immediately after necropsy were carried out in 60 patients suffering from different disorders and dying in hospital, and from 25 individuals killed instantly by violent accidents. A correlation was found between the presence of NGL and low pH levels in the cerebellum (average pH 5.56); subjects without NGL changes showed an average pH OF 6.08. No correlation was found between the pH levels and the time after death, or between pH and any specific disease. The so-called acute selective necrosis of the granular layer of the human cerebellar cortex (NGL), is considered from the present studies to be a phenomenon of postmortem origin. Its relationship to certain specific diseases can be explained by the fact that in these conditions there is a higher postmortem acidity, known to promote autolysis.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of acute selective necrosis of the granular layer of the human cerebellar cortex. 1 72

The rate of utero-placental blood flow depends on functional components (perfusion pressure and flow resistance within the area of the vascular bed of the placenta), as well as on morphological factors (regressive changes in the placenta). Different primary maternal conditions and diseases may lower the rate of placental flow, leading to placental insufficiency; the highest percentage, by far, of placental dysfunction is found in patients suffering from gestosis. Hypocirculation initially present in cases of EPH gestosis and caused by arteriolar spasms triggers off a vicious circle involving placental infarction and severe reduction in the utero-placental perfusion rate. This in turn leads to fetal hypotrophy, a high rate of premature births and perinatal mortality. Verification of HPL, HCG, alpha-Fetoprotein or E3 in maternal serum and amniotic fluid or urine greatly improved the recording of partial placental functions. Along with ultrasonic biometry, cardiotocography and amnioscopy, these hormonal parameters allow only indirect assessment of the placental function. On the other hand, measurements of the utero-placental flow offers a direct approach. In order to evaluate the placental flow measurements it is imperative to obtain a curve indicating the course over the last third of the pregnancy-in addition to establishing a general normal range. In case of placental insufficiency, it is necessary to determine whether this is due to functional disorders alone, or to more extenisve morphological changes. A placental perfusion test (PPT) was developed in order to make this distinction. Beta2-mimetic treatment is indicated if functional factors predominate, whereby it appears essential to obtain the requisite experimental data for precise quantification of beta-mimetic action.
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PMID:[New aspects in diagnosis and therapy of placental insufficiency. Placental perfusion measurements; placental perfusion test (PPT) and betamimetic long term treatment (clinical and experimental data (authors transl)]. 1 7

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) provides a sensitive serological procedure for detecting rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) as well as its specific antibodies, RIA was carried out using highly purified RNPs labelled by the chloramine-T method. This paper describes optimal conditions for iodination of RNP with high specific activity. The optimal concentrations of 125I, RNP, chloramine-T, and reducing agent as well as the effect of pH on the reaction were investigated. RIA proved to be extremely sensitive for detection of homologous antibodies. In competition experiments the part-relationship of the group-specific RNPs of the three rabies virus serotypes (HEP, MOK and LBV) was confirmed.
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PMID:Comparison of the ribonucleoproteins of different rabies virus serotypes by radioimmunoassay. 2 69

Two devices designed for rapid assay of urinary estriol, the E3 KIT and E3 HAIR KIT, were evaluated using urine samples taken from pregnant women. Additionally, the clinical application of these devices in pregnancy management was examined. Correlations were high between an established method and the E3 KIT method (r = 0.819, p less than 0.001) and between the E3 HAIR KIT method and the E3 KIT method ( r = 0.936, p less than 0.01). E3 HAIR KIT assays showing E3 values of less than 20 microgram/ml (positive at 100-fold dilution of the urine) after the 36th week of pregnancy suggested fetoplacental dysfunction and indicated that more detailed tests were required. The E3 KIT, which provided rapid quantitative assay of urinary estriol, was capable of measuring 10 samples in approximately 3 hours. The E3 HAIR KIT provided semiquantitative assays of 10 samples in 2 hours. The speed, simplicity, and accuracy of the E3 HAIR KIT indicates its high clinical value as a prospective large-scale screening method for fetoplacental function.
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PMID:Rapid assays of urinary estriol in pregnant women. 2 99

Despite scientific advances in obstetrics, maternal mortality is still a serious problem in many countries. This paper analyzes the causes of maternal mortality in Kaplan Hospital since its opening in 1954 up to 1976. 27 women died during this period; total number of deliveries was 63,997. The period was divided into 3: 1954-61, with a mean number of deliveries of 2386 per year; 1962-71, with a mean number of deliveries of 2308 per year; and 1972-76, with a mean number of deliveries of 4244/year. Maternal mortality for the 1st period was 4.9/10,000; in the 2nd, 4.3/10,000 and in the last, 3.0/10,000. Confidence limits based on the Poisson distribution method was used to test for statistical significance. Causes of direct maternal death included: 1) vascular accidents (amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular clotting) which accounted for almost 1/3 of all cases; 2) infection; 3) EPH gestosis or toxemia of pregnancy; 4) hemorrhage; and 5) anesthesia. Indirect causes of death included cardiac cases, followed by pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular andirenal diseases, in decreasing order of importance. Older age and parity did not affect incidence of obstetric deaths. This report indicates a definite decline in maternal mortality for the 3 periods. The decline was attributed to liberal use of better antibiotics, emphasis on aseptic techniques, better antenatal care and well-equipped operating theaters. Nevertheless, vascular accidents remain the major direct cause of maternal deaths. Further research should be done on vascular accidents and its prevention; a healthy respect for the use of ceasarian sections may also be helpful in reducing further maternal deaths.
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PMID:Maternal mortality in an Israeli hospital: a review of 23 years. 4 62

Chicken embryo cells infected with the HEP Flury strain of rabies virus adapted to tissue culture produced a hemadsorption (HAD) phenomenon by using goose erthyrocytes. The optimal conditions for HAD included the incubation of cell cultures at 37C for 3 days after virus inoculation, the use of a 0.4% suspension of goose erythrocytes in phosphate buffer adjusted at pH 6.2, and adsorption of erythrocytes at 4C. This phenomenon was inhibited with anti-rabies serum. Virus titer obtained with the HAD technique was almost the same as with the fluorescent antibody technique or the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Results of the neutralization test by using the HAD technique could be easily determined 3 days after inoculation of chicken embryo cells with the mixture of 100 mean tissue culture infective doses of virus and diluted serum. The neutralizing antibody titers coincided with those obtained in mice.
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PMID:Use of the hemadsorption phenomenon for determining virus and neutralizing antibody titers of rabies. 5 27

Rabbit lymphocytes obtained from animals previously exposed to rabies virus undergo a specific lymphoblastic transformation when incubated in vitro in the presence of either the complete virus or a nucleocapsid fraction. This type of in vitro transformation was observed by the Pasteur, Lagos, Mokola, Obodhiang viruses as well as the virus HEP in cells originally exposed only to the virus HEP. In additions to the morphological changes of lymphoblastic transformation, 3H-thymidine incorporation was stimulated about 21 to 67 fold in homologous system and about 6 to 39 in heterologous systems and unrelated with other virus system like influenza. These results suggest an immunological relationship between the classic rabies strains (HEP, Pasteur) and subgroup rhabdovirus (Lagos, Mokola, Obodhiang).
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PMID:[Comparative study "in vitro" between rabies and rabies related viruses by the sensitized lymphocytes technique]. 6 74

As part of an inquiry into factors that determine the virulence of fixed rabies virus, mouse neuroblastoma cells were infected in culture with high virulence and low virulence strains of Flury HEP virus. Low virulence virus infection differed from high virulence virus infection in (1) its more rapid production of progeny virus in the early cycles of virus infection as shown by the number of extracellular virus particles and the infectivity of the supernatant fluid; (2) its earlier development of viral antigens on the cell surface; and (3) its earlier and more severe morphologic alteration of the cell surface. Where applicable, the differences were corroborated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the infected cells using the critical point drying technique on whole cells. The number of cells susceptible to complement-dependent immunolysis was almost proportional to the number of cells that were surface antigen-positive regardless of the strain of the virus used. Implications of the difference in the kinetics of virus production and of the development of surface antigens between low and high virulence strains are discussed.
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PMID:Rabies virus infection in mouse neuroblastoma cells. 6 72

By isoimmunization of adult virgin female rabbits with rabbit placental extracts we have demonstrated the production of humoral antibody against two antigens, Ag-1 and Ag-2. Neither antigen is a normal serum protein, nor are they allotype proteins. Ag-1 has an alpha-2 mobility and a molecular weights of about 400,000. Ag-2 exhibits a gamma mobility but was not characterized. The antibody activity directed to Ag-1 in immune sera was the complement-fixing IgG fraction. Direct fluorescence-labeled antibody technique revealed that Ag-1 is a ubiquitous intracellular antigen primarily localized in the nucleus. The fast-growing, SV-40 virus-transformed rabbit kidney cell line (TRK-1) expressed much higher levels of Ag-1 than the slow-growing, non-transformed normal rabbit kidney cell line (LLC-RK1). The possibility that elevation of Ag-1 production is associated with rapid cell proliferation is discussed.
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PMID:Preliminary characterization of isoimmunogenic placental antigens in the rabbit. 7 Aug 51

In 1970, Field and Caspary reported that lymphocytes from patients with malignant disease can be stimulated by a basic protein from human brain (human encephalitogenic protein--HEP). The stimulated lymphocytes are capable of releasing the macrophage-slowing factor, which reduces the electrophoretic mobility of guinea-pig macrophages. In general, this effect was not found with lymphocytes from patients without malignant disease. This paper deals with the application of the MEM test using HEP and HCG as antigen in the diagnosis of trophoblastic disease. We have found cellular sensitization against HCG in all patients with gestational trophoblastic tumours and against HEP in patients with hydatidiform moles of the group II or III as well as choriocarcinoma. Patients with malignant tumours of different localization showed a cellular sensitization against HEP, but only some against HCG. In pregnant women no cellular sensitization against HEP as well as HCG was detected. The results of the MEM test using HEP as antigen in patients with gestational trophoblastic tumours are compared with the clinical findings and the histological diagnosis. By means of this combination a more exact evaluation of the biological activity of the trophoblastic disease was obtained.
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PMID:The macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test for the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Preliminary report. 7 73


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