Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) gene expression was examined by RNA blot hybridization using clones representing immediate-early, early, and late genes. An immediate-early protein gene probe hybridized with two transcripts, 3.4 and 5.8 kb, expressed by infected cells in the presence of cycloheximide (CH). During infection of cells without metabolic inhibitors these transcripts were detected as early as 2 hr postinfection (p.i.) and accumulated to 8 hr p.i. The early gene probe, thymidine kinase, hybridized with a 4.3-kb RNA that was detected in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), but not in the presence of CH. The late gene probe, glycoprotein III, (gIII) hybridized with a 1.6-kb transcript that was not expressed by infected cells treated with CH and only in very reduced amounts by infected cells treated with PAA. The gIII RNA was not detected until 4 hr p.i. in total cell RNA. Transcripts for the bovine actin and beta-galactosyltransferase genes did not decrease in BHV-1-infected cells until 6 hr p.i., coincident with the increase of BHV-1 DNA and RNA synthesis. Consequently, shutoff of host cell transcription by BHV-1 may be different than what has been described for herpes simplex virus.
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PMID:Relationship of bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate-early, early, and late gene expression to host cellular gene transcription. 131 50

The nucleoside analog (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) inhibited the Golgi-associated terminal glycosylation in herpes simplex virus type 1- and type 2-infected cells, specifically incorporation of galactose and sialic acid into N-linked oligosaccharides, and incorporation of sialic acid and, to a lesser extent, of galactose into O-linked oligo saccharides. This resulted in formation of viral glycoproteins with terminal GlcNAc and Fuc in N-linked oligosaccharides and terminal O-linked GalNAc. Inhibition of formation of UDP-hexoses and of acceptor glycoprotein synthesis and inhibition of cellular transport of viral glycoproteins were not observed. No evidence for the formation of a sugar nucleotide analog of BVdU was obtained. Inhibition required phosphorylation of BVdU to its 5' monophosphate (BVdUMP) by the virus-coded thymidine kinase. In a cell-free system, this monophosphate inhibited the transport of pyrimidine sugar nucleotides across Golgi membranes and, as a consequence, the incorporation of sugars into glycoproteins. Inhibition of galactosyltransferase by BVdUMP was insignificant. BVdUMP did not inhibit translocation across the Golgi membrane of purine sugar nucleotides. Inhibition of sugar nucleotide translocation represents the first target for design of virus-specific glycosylation inhibitors.
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PMID:Inhibition of terminal N- and O-glycosylation specific for herpesvirus-infected cells: mechanism of an inhibitor of sugar nucleotide transport across Golgi membranes. 284 56

Oncofetal markers for colon carcinomas are CSAp, a nonsulfated mucin, a second trimester fetal antigen, an altered thymidine kinase, a monosialoganglioside, and glycolipid antigens. For gastric carcinoma, they are basic fetoprotein, a sulfoglycoprotein, and for pancreatic carcinomas--POA, an oncofetal pancreatic antigen, and designated as CAPI, an oncofetal antigen. Tumor-associated markers for colon carcinomas are: UDP-galactosyltransferase and zinc glycinate marker; for gastric carcinomas, sulfated glycoprotein and for pancreatic carcinomas, pancreas carcinoma-associated antigen, a polycytidylic acid-specific ribonuclease, and galactosyltransferase. Suggested as tumor-specific markers for colon carcinomas are an altered mucoprotein, basic antigen, beta 2-microglobulin-associated antigen, and a specific adenosine deaminase; for gastric carcinomas, a specific protein, an antigen with 3-oxyanthranilic acid, and an antigen of unknown origin in gastric secretions; for pancreatic carcinomas, an antigen with molecular weight of 380,000 daltons and an antigen suggested by tumor immunity.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal tumor markers, other than carcinoembryonic antigen, and alpha fetal protein. 688 74

The consequence of redirecting the vaccinia virus (VV) B5R protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been investigated by the addition of an ER retrieval signal KKSL (K(2)X(2)) to the B5R C-terminus. This mutant B5R gene and a version of the gene with the inactive ER retrieval sequence KKSLAL (K(2)X(4)) were inserted into the thymidine kinase locus of a VV mutant lacking the B5R gene, vDeltaB5R. Similar levels of B5R protein were made by each virus, but the B5R-K(2)X(2) protein remained sensitive to endoglycosidase H and colocalised with protein disulphide isomerase in the ER. In contrast, the B5R-K(2)X(4) protein colocalised with 1, 4-galactosyltransferase in the trans-Golgi network. Electron microscopy revealed that even when the B5R protein was redirected to the ER, intracellular mature virus particles were wrapped by cellular membranes to form intracellular enveloped virus particles, although more incompletely wrapped particles were evident compared with wild type. These intracellular enveloped virus particles were, however, unable to efficiently induce the polymerisation of actin and the plaque size formed by vB5R-K(2)X(2) was small. Nevertheless, the amount and specific infectivity of EEV produced by vB5R-K(2)X(2) were similar to those of wild type, despite the dramatic reduction in the amount of B5R protein present in vB5R-K(2)X(2) EEV.
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PMID:The effects of targeting the vaccinia virus B5R protein to the endoplasmic reticulum on virus morphogenesis and dissemination. 1060 24