Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the immunizing G protein of rabies virus (VVTGg RAB-26D3 187 X P strain) has been developed. The c-DNA corresponding to the glycoprotein of the ERA strain of rabies virus has been inserted into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of the vaccinia virus (Copenhagen strain). The efficacy of this recombinant strain was tested by the oral route, primarily in foxes. The duration of immunity conferred by the VVTGg RAB, a minimum of 12 months in cubs and 18 months in adult animals, corresponds to the length of protection required for fox vaccination in the field. VVTGg RAB innocuity was tested in foxes and in domestic animals as well as in numerous wild animal species that could compete with the red fox in consuming vaccine baits in Europe. During a minimum of 28 days post vaccination, neither clinical signs nor lesions were observed in any of the vaccinated animals. Moreover no transmission of immunizing amounts of the recombinant occurred in the red fox or the other species tested. To study the stability of the vaccine strain, baits containing the vaccine were placed in the field. Despite considerable variations of environmental temperatures, the VVTGg RAB titre remained stable after one month in the field. Since all the baits are taken within one month, it can be assumed that most of the animals taking the baits are effectively vaccinated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Development of a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. 128 44

The bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) group has a slow replication cycle, a narrow host range, and cytopathogenic effects characteristic of cytomegaloviruses (CMV), but a Group B genome structure similar to that of lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). Reference BHV-4 strain DN599 and BHV-4 strains N124 and FHV-2 induced in the cytosol fraction of thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) rabbit skin (RAB-BU) cell mutants a novel TK activity. The BHV-4-induced thymidine kinase (TK) differed from the principal cytosol TK of mock-infected cells in PAGE mobility (Rm) under non-denaturing conditions and in the capacity to efficiently substitute CTP for ATP as a phosphate donor. The BHV-4 thymidine phosphorylating activity could also be distinguished from many common herpesvirus-induced TKs because it lacked iododeoxycytidine phosphorylating activity. Iododeoxyuridine, trifluorothymidine and bromovinyldeoxyuridine inhibited [3H]thymidine (0.01 mM) phosphorylation by the BHV-4 enzyme in a dose-dependent manner, but arabinosylthymine and 2'-fluoro-5-methyl-arabinosyluracil (FMAU) were poor inhibitors of [3H]thymidine phosphorylation, and acyclovir and (dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) did not inhibit at all at 60 and 40 times the concentrations of [3H]thymidine, respectively.
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PMID:Induction of thymidine kinase activity by viruses with group B DNA genomes: bovine cytomegalovirus (bovine herpesvirus 4). 301 May 98

A modified-live pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine, designated PRV(dlg92/d1tk), with deletions in the thymidine kinase (tk) and glycoprotein-gIII (g92) genes, was derived from the PRV (Bucharest [BUK]-d13) vaccine strain. The vaccine virus also contained a deletion in glycoprotein gI. Despite 3 deletions, PRV(dlg92/d1tk) replicated to high titers in cell culture from 30 C to 39.1 C. Enzyme assays and autoradiography revealed that PRV(dlg92/d1tk) did not induce a functional tk activity in infected tk- RAB(BU) cells (rabbit skin). Rabbit skin cells were infected with PRV(dlg92/d1tk), with vaccine strains derived from BUK or Bartha K strains of PRV or with the virulent Illinois (ILL), Indiana-Funkhauser (IND-F), and Aujeszky (Auj) strains of PRV and were labeled with [3H]mannose from 4 or 5 to 24 hours after infection to investigate whether these viruses induced the synthesis of glycoprotein gIII. Nonionic detergent extracts were prepared and immunoprecipitated with antisera from pigs vaccinated with tk(-)-PRV(BUK-d13) or tk+-Bartha K, pigs vaccinated with tk+-PRV(BUK) strains and then challenge exposed to tk+-PRV(IND-F), naturally infected domestic or feral pigs, and pigs vaccinated with tk-)-PRV(dlg92/d1tk). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against PRV glycoproteins gIII, gp50, and gII were also studied. After immunoprecipitation, labeled PRV-specific proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The PRV glycoprotein-gII complex, but not glycoprotein gIII, was synthesized in PRV(dlg92/d1tk)-infected cells. Glycoprotein gII and gIII were made in cells infected with PRV vaccine strains BUK, Bartha K, and BUK-d13 and with virulent PRV strains ILL, IND-F, and Auj. Cells infected with PRV(dlg92/d1tk) and with PRV strains ILL, IND-F, Auj, Bartha K, BUK, and BUK-d13, excreted into the cell culture medium a highly sulfated glycoprotein gX of about 90 kilodaltons. Antibodies to glycoprotein gIII were not detected in the sera of pigs inoculated with PRV(dlg92/d1tk), but were found in all other swine sera.
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PMID:Second-generation pseudorabies virus vaccine with deletions in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein genes. 303 72

Cytosol thymidine kinase (TK) activity is enhanced at 6 hr after bovine embryo tracheal (EBTr) and rabbit skin fibroblast (RAB-9) cells are infected with the Los Angeles and Cooper strains of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). To learn whether this enhancement resulted from the induction of a virus-specific TK activity, biochemical and genetic studies were carried out. The biochemical experiments demonstrated that: (i) the BHV-1-induced TK activity had a relative disc PAGE mobility (Rm) characteristic of other herpesvirus-encoded TKs and distinctly different from the Rm value of the cytosol TK of host cells; and (ii) the BHV-1-induced TK was significantly more sensitive to competitive inhibition by arabinosylthymine (araT) than the cytosol TKs of EBTr and RAB-9 cells. The genetic experiments entailed the isolation of a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-resistant rabbit cell line [RAB(BU)] deficient in cytosol TK activity and of BrdUrd- and araT-resistant BHV-1 mutants. RAB(BU) cells acquired TK activity after they were infected by wild-type, TK+ BHV-1, but not drug-resistant BHV-1 mutants. The experiments strongly suggest that wild-type BHV-1 induces a virus-specific TK activity.
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PMID:Thymidine kinase (TK) induction after infection of TK-deficient rabbit cell mutants with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1): isolation of TK- BHV-1 mutants. 631 35