Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.1.21 (thymidine kinase)
 7,561 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mouse fibroblasts resistant to the drug rutamycin were isolated by selectively introducing BrdUrd into the mitochondrial genome of a line of mouse fibroblasts (clone 1 D) lacking a cytoplasmic thymidine kinase enzyme. The ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.3) activity of mitochondria isolated from these cells was resistant to rutamycin. The rutamycin-resistant mutants were enucleated with cytochalasin B and fused with mouse A 9 cells resistant to 8-azaguanine and sensitive to rutamycin. Cytoplasmic hybrids, or cybrids, were selected as cells resistant to rutamycin and 8-azaguanine, and appeared at a high frequency. Other fusions between rutamycin-resistant nucleated cells and A 9 produced colonies at a much lower frequency. Finally, fusions between enucleated clone 1 D cells and A 9 cells produced no rutamycin-resistant colonies. These results indicate that rutamycin resistance is a cytoplasmically inherited characteristic in this cell line.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic inheritance of rutamycin resistance in mouse fibroblasts. 14 79

To analyze the site of integration of the herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) thymidine kinase (TK) gene in biochemically transformed human cells, TK-HeLa-(BU25) cells were transformed to the TK+ phenotype by a cloned, 2 kbp Pvull fragment of HSV-I DNA. The transformed cells [HeLa(BU25)/TF pAGO PP3] were fused with mouse LM(TK-) cells, and human-mouse somatic cell hybrid clones (LH PP3 clones 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) were isolated in HATG-ouabain selective medium. The HeLa(BU25)/TF pAGO PP3 cells and the LH PP3 hybrid clones expressed HSV-I specific TK activity and a herpesvirus-associated nuclear antigen, and contained herpesvirus nucleotide sequences. Molecular hybridization experiments were carried out to map the HSV-I and flanking cellular nucleotide sequences in the biochemically transformed cells. These experiments demonstrated that the HSV-I nucleotide sequences were integrated at a single site, and that the same cellular nucleotide sequences flanked the viral DNA in transformed HeLa(BU25)/TF pAGO PP3 and LH PP3 clone 5 cells. TK- revertant subclones isolated by growing the LH PP3 clone 5 cells in BrdUrd (and diphtheria toxin) failed to form colonies in HATG medium, but retained HSV-I nucleotide sequences. Isozyme analyses on 21 gene-enzyme systems representing 21 human chromosomes revealed that all of the LH PP3 clonal lines expressed human hexosaminidase B, which has been assigned to chromosome 5, and all were sensitive to diphtheria toxin, which is also a marker for chromosome 5. Chromosome analyses showed that chromosome 5 was the nly human chromosome present in mitoses of LH PP3 clone 5 cells and that human chromosome 5 was present in most of the mitoses of LH PP3 clone 1, 2, 3, and 6 cells. The latter clones also contained 1 or 2 additional human chromosomes in some of the cells. As expected from the molecular hybridization analyses, TK- revertants of LH PP3 clone 5 cells retained portions of chromosome 5 and expressed human hexosaminidase B. The results indicate that HSV-I nucleotide sequences were stably integrated in the biochemically transformed cells, most likely in human chromosome 5.
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PMID:The site of integration of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene in human cells transformed by an HSV-1 DNA fragment. 627 99

The in vitro replication of eleven different strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied in resident or thioglycollate-stimulated mouse macrophages. The strains of herpes simplex virus differed in the type of cytopathic effect, induction capacity for herpes simplex virus coded thymidine kinase and pathogenicity in the mouse. Herpes simplex virus replicated better in thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages than in resident macrophages. In vitro ageing of macrophages increased their replicative potency. Herpes simplex virus replicated better in macrophages from homozygous bg/bg C57/BL6J mice than in macrophages from their heterozygous littermates. Separation of macrophages on discontinuous Percoll-gradients revealed 4 fractions with identical potency for replication. The ability of herpesvirus to replicate in macrophages varied from strain to strain of virus i.e. Wal greater than Len, clone 4 of Len, greater than L3-2s, JES, Ang-, Ang + path, clone 2 of Len and greater than MDK clones. The ability to cause cytopathology also varied. Only strains Ang- and Ang + path showed limited or late cytopathology in macrophages. The cell-fusing property of herpes simplex virus appeared to be more closely correlated with lower replication rates than production cell rounding. Thymidine kinase- viruses replicated less well than thymidine kinase+ or thymidine kinase(+) strains. Strains of herpes simplex virus with high or low pathogenicity for mice replicated in macrophages to the same degree. The phagocytic activity of macrophages for IgM-coated sheep red blood cells was inhibited earlier by strains of herpes simplex virus of type 2 than by strains of herpes simplex virus of type 1.
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PMID:Replication of HSV-1 in murine peritoneal macrophages: comparison of various virus strains with different properties. 632 Jul 76

Infectious laryngotracheitis is a dramatic disease of the upper respiratory tract in poultry caused by a herpesvirus. In this study we investigated the characteristics of western European field isolates of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) to gain more information on their diversity. The examined 104 isolates, collected from acute outbreaks during the last 35 years, originated from eight different countries: Switzerland (48), Germany (21), Sweden (14), the United Kingdom (9), Italy (5), Belgium (4), Austria (2), and Norway (1). Two vaccines, a chicken embryo origin product and a tissue culture origin product, were included in the survey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify a 2.1-kb DNA fragment of ILTV using primers generated for the thymidine kinase (TK) gene. After digestion of the resulting PCR products by restriction endonuclease HaeIII, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was carried out. PCR amplicons of three field isolates and both vaccine strains were selected for sequencing. Here 98 field isolates showed the same cleavage pattern and were identical to both vaccine strains (clone 1). They differed from five Swiss isolates with identical cleavage pattern (clone 2) and one Swedish isolate (clone 3). The present study demonstrated that at least three clones of ILTV have been circulating in western Europe during the last 35 years. The 104 isolates analyzed showed a high genetic similarity regarding the TK gene, and a large majority of the field isolates (98/104) were genetically related to the vaccine strains.
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PMID:Characterization of western European field isolates and vaccine strains of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. 1864 57